Simone Weil i Bertrand Russell : Dues reflexions sobre la pau a l'Europa dels anys trenta

Simone Weil i Bertrand Russell havien defensat posicions pacifistes, però davant del nazisme van justificar la guerra. S'han destacat alguns elements de reflexió en el canvi d'actitud: la importància dels mitjans de comunicació, la del llenguatge i del vessant psicològic del poder, la construcció mediàtica de l'enemic i la transcendència política de l'actuació individual i social davant l'Estat.

La construcción de la marca ‘Qatar’ a partir del deporte: ‘sports place branding’ y prensa deportiva catalana

Los grandes eventos deportivos se han utilizado con fines promocionales para los territorios desde el siglo XIX. En este sentido, la Copa del Mundo de la FIFA de 2022, que se celebrará en Qatar, deviene una excusa ideal para el gobierno de la nación para legitimar su posicionamiento internacional, así como para participar activamente en el negocio mundial del fútbol. Además, desde 2011, Qatar Foundation (QF) ejecuta un acuerdo de patrocinio con el FC Barcelona, último campeón de la UEFA Champions League (ECL) y del Mundial de Clubes de la FIFA (2011), que le permitirá desarrollar proyectos sociales vinculados a la marca Barça en todo el mundo. Este artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar el posicionamiento internacional de Qatar, canalizado mediante un proceso de construcción de marca protagonizado por el deporte y proyectado a través de los medios de comunicación qataríes (AlJazzera) y los propios de los territorios donde el gobierno qatarí invierte, como es el caso de Cataluña.

Pla d'acollida per a l'alumnat nouvingut d'un CEIP de Barcelona : plantejament tècnic i social

Elaboració d'un pla d'acollida que recull l'organització i totes les actuacions necessàries per tal de facilitar l'adaptació a l'escola i l'aprenentatge de la llengua als alumnes nouvinguts, en funció de les característiques del context escolar i a partir de la reflexió docent entorn al concepte d'atenció a la diversitat cultural.

El espacio como producto social: variables arqueológicas para un análisis de la organización social en prehistoria

El espacio social es un concepto ambiguo cuyo componente material está determinado por el carácter del componente social, puesto que la organización de los objetos en el espacio y el espacio mismo, responden a las normas sociales del comportamiento humano. Partimos de la premisa que los residuos generados durante el proceso de producción y del consumo tienden a tener una distribución relativamente regular en el espacio físico. La ausencia de la aleatoriedad en la dispersión de estos restos solo significa que habían sido acumulados y depositados como restos de acciones previamente planificadas no-aleatoriamente. En este trabajo planteamos estudiar la organización y la producción del espacio social de una sociedad cazadora-recolectora concreta – la sociedad yámana - a través del análisis de las actividades cotidianas que figuran en las fuentes etnográficas y en el registro arqueológico. Con este fin creamos una metodología de trabajo interdisciplinaria, basada en un enfoque etnoarqueológico, y a través del estudio de las fuentes etnográficas, los trabajos etnoarqueológicos previos y el registro arquelógico concreto, descubrimos cuáles son las posibilidades y limitaciones de este tipo de estudios. Pudimos reconocer la regularidad espacial de los procesos de producción y reproducción social y a resolver algunas preguntas acerca del estudio de la organización social en prehistoria trabajando con los datos etnoarqueológicos obtenidos en los yacimientos Lanashuaia y Túnel VII (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), analizando el registro extraido y trabajado en varias campañas de excavaciones arqueológicas en ultimos 25 años. El presente trabajo al fondo es un experimento etnoarqueológico estándar: partiendo de la observación etnográfica registramos unas recurrencias específicas entre algunas variables (por ejemplo: mujer/lugar/tipo de trabajo), intentamos extraer las variables definitorias de esas recurrencias, y finalmente las buscamos en el espacio definido arqueológicamente.  

Social perceptions of floods and flood management in a Mediterranean area (Costa Brava, Spain)

Taking as an example three study cases in the Costa Brava area, this paper examines the social perceptionof floods through surveys, interviews and Focus Group sessions. Perception is then related to vulnerability, flood management, and citizen’s preferences regarding alternatives to curb flood losses in the future. The study concludes that flood awareness and the willingness to take actions regarding this hazard are clearly related to the degree of social involvement with the affairs of the local community. Furthermore, participatory settings such as Focus Group sessions appear to enable a better environment for assessing and implementing flood management options that attempt to modify human activities rather than modify natural processes as has been frequently the case in the past

Optimal Contracts, Adverse Selection, and Social Preferences: An Experiment

It has long been standard in agency theory to search for incentive-compatible mechanisms on the assumption that people care only about their own material wealth. However, this assumption is clearly refuted by numerous experiments, and we feel that it may be useful to consider nonpecuniary utility in mechanism design and contract theory. Accordingly, we devise an experiment to explore optimal contracts in an adverse-selection context. A principal proposes one of three contract menus, each of which offers a choice of two incentive-compatible contracts, to two agents whose types are unknown to the principal. The agents know the set of possible menus, and choose to either accept one of the two contracts offered in the proposed menu or to reject the menu altogether; a rejection by either agent leads to lower (and equal) reservation payoffs for all parties. While all three possible menus favor the principal, they do so to varying degrees. We observe numerous rejections of the more lopsided menus, and approach an equilibrium where one of the more equitable contract menus (which one depends on the reservation payoffs) is proposed and agents accept a contract, selecting actions according to their types. Behavior is largely consistent with all recent models of social preferences, strongly suggesting there is value in considering nonpecuniary utility in agency theory.

Optimal contracts, adverse selection and social preferences: An experiment

It has long been standard in agency theory to search for incentive-compatible mechanisms on the assumption that people care only about their own material wealth. However, this assumption is clearly refuted by numerous experiments, and we feel that it may be useful to consider nonpecuniary utility in mechanism design and contract theory. Accordingly, we devise an experiment to explore optimal contracts in an adverse-selection context. A principal proposes one of three contract menus, each of which offers a choice of two incentive-compatible contracts, to two agents whose types are unknown to the principal. The agents know the set of possible menus, and choose to either accept one of the two contracts offered in the proposed menu or to reject the menu altogether; a rejection by either agent leads to lower (and equal) reservation payoffs for all parties. While all three possible menus favor the principal, they do so to varying degrees. We observe numerous rejections of the more lopsided menus, and approach an equilibrium where one of the more equitable contract menus (which one depends on the reservation payoffs) is proposed and agents accept a contract, selecting actions according to their types. Behavior is largely consistent with all recent models of social preferences, strongly suggesting there is value in considering nonpecuniary utility in agency theory.

Elicited beliefs and social information in modified dictator games: What do dictators believe other dictators do?

We use subjects actions in modified dictator games to perform a within-subject classification ofindividuals into four different types of interdependent preferences: Selfish, Social Welfaremaximizers, Inequity Averse and Competitive. We elicit beliefs about other subjects actions inthe same modified dictator games to test how much of the existent heterogeneity in others actions is known by subjects. We find that subjects with different interdependent preferences infact have different beliefs about others actions. In particular, Selfish individuals cannotconceive others being non-Selfish while Social Welfare maximizers are closest to the actualdistribution of others actions. We finally provide subjects with information on other subjects actions and re-classify individuals according to their (new) actions in the same modified dictatorgames. We find that social information does not affect Selfish individuals, but that individualswith interdependent preferences are more likely to change their behavior and tend to behavemore selfishly.

Quantifying Social Asymmetric Structures

Many social phenomena involve a set of dyadic relations among agents whose actions may be dependent. Although individualistic approaches have frequently been applied to analyze social processes, these are not generally concerned with dyadic relations nor do they deal with dependency. This paper describes a mathematical procedure for analyzing dyadic interactions in a social system. The proposed method mainly consists of decomposing asymmetric data into their symmetrical and skew-symmetrical parts. A quantification of skew-symmetry for a social system can be obtained by dividing the norm of the skew-symmetrical matrix by the norm of the asymmetric matrix. This calculation makes available to researchers a quantity related to the amount of dyadic reciprocity. Regarding agents, the procedure enables researchers to identify those whose behavior is asymmetric with respect to all agents. It is also possible to derive symmetric measurements among agents and to use multivariate statistical techniques.

La praxis reflexiva: un reto para la educación social

La educación social en sus diversas acepciones (profesión, práctica educativa y estudios universitarios) ha experimentado unos importantes cambios en los últimos años. De una actividad centrada en la solución de problemas concretos dentro de un ámbito específico, se ha ido avanzando hacia la necesidad de estar capacitado para el trabajo en entornos complejos y difusos. El ejercicio de la actividad en estos entornos requiere de un posicionamiento estratégico, de una visión global más allá de un manejo de recetas cerradas y de una perspectiva ética que trascienda el simple cumplimiento de instrucciones. Por ello, capacitar al profesional para el diseño y la aplicación de las acciones socioeducativas es una temática que requiere la integración de multiplicidad de competencias para que cada intervención sea una respuesta que se adapte a la situación, a las capacidades y al contexto de la persona atendida. En el periodo de formación universitaria, el practicum es un espacio de aprendizaje privilegiado donde se ponen en juego todos los conocimientos adquiridos y sirve de trampolín para empezar a ejercer la profesión en un contexto real pero seguro, que más adelante será el escenario cotidiano de la acción profesional

Urban Gardening: espacio de creación, crítica social y activismo ecológico

El artículo hace una revisión de aquellas intervenciones artísticas que abordan determinados usos del territorio urbano y formas de cultivo. Actuaciones que mediante la acción de plantar y cultivar generan espacios para la expresión de identidades artísticas, políticas y sociales. Estos lugares encuentran asentamiento en los intersticios de nuestras ciudades, en espacios vacíos como solares abandonados, en zonas no urbanizables o semi urbanizadas, en riberas de ríos, arcenes de autopistas, márgenes de vías de tren, etc. The paper reviews those specific artistic interventions that address urban land uses and farming methods. Actions that through the act of planting and cultivating generate spaces for the expression of artistic, political and social identities. These places are settling in the interstices of our cities, in empty spaces such as brownfield sites, in non-urbanized or semi urbanized areas, on riverbanks, highways verges, railways edges, etc.

Mobility Among Social Education Students at the University of Girona: Taking Stock of a Decade of Fieldwork Practice Abroad

The following article is divided into five sections, each one with a specific objective. The first section briefly presents the student mobility experiences obtained basically through the fieldwork practice course in social education studies at the University of Girona. The second section delves more deeply to explore the value of the exchange and the student mobility experience over one semester of intensive fieldwork practice. The third section presents data about the students who have participated in this experience inall ten of the graduating classes. The fourth part offers an assessment of the experience and reports which aspects are considered essential to a good student mobility experience. Finally, various actions to be taken to improve these educational experiences within the social education studies at the University of Girona are specified

Digital social media: An interactive technology incorporated as a competitive advantage for business

In a more transparent and dynamic world, in which consumers trust other consumers more for advice and recommendations on products and services, the continuity of organizations appears to be associated with socialization, the sharing of interests and the interaction with the audience. This is associated with the incorporation of digital technologies to business, specifically the use of social media. Consequently, it is timely and interesting to explore the phenomenon of virtual socialization, although it is a littlestudied field and what is needed is an innovative and theoretical approach based upon theories of marketing and communication. Expertise in these areas is present in all organizations and their performance is important for appropriate development of them. This work is a qualitative analysis about the behavior, reactions and attitudes of individuals to organizations, in order to understand the social factors that contribute to sustainable competitive advantages of organizations which can support strategic and future actions. We conclude that relevant factors associated with the tacit knowledge of the organization, specifically to learning and social interaction of the organization and their knowledge of virtual communities. The higher the coexistence of factors, the more difficult is the replication and greater will be the hypothesis of sustainable competitive advantage.