Psychological aspects of the experiences of athletes at the Olympic Villages: issues and challenges

Article providing the athlete perspective on Olympic Villages. This article was published in the book entitled "Olympic Villages: a hundred years of urban planning and shared experiences" compiling the papers given at the 1997 International Symposium on International Chair in Olympism (IOC-UAB).

Onto-Trauma : Ontologia d'aprenentatge en l'àrea de la cirurgia traumatològica

Treball en què es crea una ontologia per simular totes les etapes d'una operació traumatològica, i usa aquesta ontologia per crear un prototip de wiki semàntica.

Cardiac injuries in blunt chest trauma

Blunt chest traumas are a clinical challenge, both for diagnosis and treatment. The use ofCardiovascular Magnetic Resonance can play a major role in this setting. We present two cases: a12-year-old boy and 45-year-old man. Late gadolinium enhancement imaging enabled visualizationof myocardial damage resulting from the trauma.

Psychological pressure in competitive environments: Evidence from a randomized natural experiment

Much like cognitive abilities, emotional skills can have major effects on performance and economic outcomes. This paper studies the behavior of professionalsubjects involved in a dynamic competition in their own natural environment. Thesetting is a penalty shoot-out in soccer where two teams compete in a tournamentframework taking turns in a sequence of five penalty kicks each. As the kicking order is determined by the random outcome of a coin flip, the treatment and control groups are determined via explicit randomization. Therefore, absent any psychological effects, both teams should have the same probability of winning regardless of the kicking order. Yet, we find a systematic first-kicker advantage. Using data on 2,731 penalty kicks from 262 shoot-outs for a three decade period, we find that teams kicking first win the penalty shoot-out 60.5% of the time. A dynamic panel data analysis shows that the psychological mechanism underlying this result arises from the asymmetry in the partial score. As most kicks are scored, kicking first typically means having the opportunity to lead in the partial score, whereas kicking second typically means lagging in the score and having the opportunity to, at most, get even. Having a worse prospect than the opponent hinders subjects' performance.Further, we also find that professionals are self-aware of their own psychological effects. When a recent change in regulations gives winners of the coin toss the chance to choose the kicking order, they rationally react to it by systematically choosing to kick first. A survey of professional players reveals that when asked to explain why they prefer to kick first, they precisely identify the psychological mechanism for which we find empirical support in the data: they want to lead in the score inorder to put pressure on the opponent.

A measure of group dissimilarity for psychological attributes

El funcionamiento y el rendimiento de los grupos en contextos diferentes están relacionados con el grado en que las características de los miembros son complementarias o suplementarias. El presente artículo describe un procedimiento para cuantificar el grado de disimilitud a nivel de grupo. A diferencia de la mayoría de técnicas existentes, el procedimiento que aquí se describe está normalizado y es invariante a los cambios de localización y escala. Por lo tanto, es posible comparar la disimilitud en escalas con diferente métrica y en grupos de distinto tamaño. La disimilitud está medida en términos relativos, independientemente de la posición que ocupan los individuos en la dimensión que mide la escala. Cuando no existe una justificación teórica para combinar las diversas propiedades medidas, se puede cuantificar la disimilitud para cada escala por separado. También es posible obtener las contribuciones diádicas e individuales respecto a la diversidad global y la asignada a cada escala. Las medidas descriptivas pueden ser complementadas con la significación estadística para, así, comparar los resultados obtenidos con distribuciones discretas de referencia, ya sean simétricas o asimétricas. Se ha elaborado un paquete en R que permite obtener los índices descriptivos y los valores p, además de contener las expresiones desarrolladas para simular una amplia variedad de distribuciones discretas de probabilidad.

La figura del fisioterapeuta en obstetrícia: estudi aleatoritzat de l’impacte del massatge perineal durant la primera etapa del part per prevenir-ne el trauma.

La pregunta clínica d’investigació que s’ha plantejat en un inici ha estat: Resulta eficaç el massatge perineal (MP) per reduir-ne el trauma post-part? Després d’haver realitzat una cerca bibliogràfica per revisar la literatura sobre el tema, s’ha vist que ja existeixen publicacions anteriors. Per aquest motiu s’ha definit millor la pregunta en base a la informació aportada per altres estudis, realitzant variacions en quant a l’etapa del part en la qual aplicar la intervenció. La pregunta clínica d’investigació definitiva ha estat: Resulta eficaç el MP aplicat durant la primera etapa del part per reduir-ne el trauma post-part? Es tracta, doncs, d’una pregunta rellevant, nova i factible que naix d’un problema assistencial justificat a continuació. Pregunta estructurada en format P.I.C.O: P (pacient): gestants primípares. I (Intervenció): MP durant la primera etapa del part. C (Comparació): MP durant la primera etapa del part vs. atenció al part de rutina sense MP. O (Resultats): el MP durant la primera fase del part disminueix el risc de trauma perineal (TP) post-part i les conseqüències que aquest comporta. Objectiu: L’objectiu general d’aquest projecte d’investigació és comprovar l’efectivitat del MP durant la primera fase del part per reduir el TP post-part en dones primípares. Metodologia: Projecte d’assaig clínic experimental, probabilístic, aleatori simple amb control concurrent. Consta de dos grups, un grup experimental i un grup control.

Inverted ductal papilloma of the oral cavity secondary to lower lip trauma. A case report and literature review

Inverted ductal papilloma of the oral cavity is an infrequent benign neoplasm of papillary appearance that originates in the secretory duct of a salivary gland. The etiology is unknown, though some authors have related it to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. We present the case of a 40-year-old woman with a tumor of the lower lip mucosa. Histopathological study of the lesion diagnosed inverted ductal papilloma of the oral cavity. Human papillomavirus DNA detection and typing based on tumor lesion DNA amplification and posterior hybridization, revealed no presence of viral DNA. The antecedents of trauma reported by the patient could have played an important role in the development of this tumor

La evaluación del estrés y del trauma: presentación de la versión española de la escala de trauma acumulativo (CTS)

This paper reviews some of the most usual definitions of stress and trauma including the notion of accumulative trauma. Then, the Spanish version of the Cumulative Trauma Scale by Kira et al (2008) is presented. It has been developed by following a process of translation and by applying it to two small groups of subjects to test it for comprehension (pilot test).

És possible l'espai europeu d'educació superior?: l'ensenyament de la psicologia al Institute of Psychological Sciences de la Universitat de Leeds

L'Espai Europeu d'Educació Superior s'ha convertit en un repte, un desafiament que implica assolir una convergència de titulacions universitàries equivalents. Per això es requereix una modificació del tradicional ensenyament, en el nostre cas, de la psicologia. En aquest article s'examina l'ensenyament de la psicologia al Institute of Psychological Sciences de la Universitat de Leeds (metodologia docent; avaluació i contingut curricular)

Psychological and Family Factors Associated with Suicidal Ideation in Pre-Adolescents

To assess the psychological and family factors associated with suicidal ideation in preadolescent children, we studied a sample of 361 students, average age 9 years old. Twogroups were formed, on the basis of the presence (n = 34) or absence (n = 44) of suicidal ideation. Suicidal ideation was assessed with the Children’s Depression Inventory and the Children’s Depression Rating Scale-Revised. Depression, hopelessness, self-esteem, and perceived family environment were compared in both the suicidal ideation and the control groups. Students with suicidal ideation generally presented greater depressive symptoms and hopelessness, and lower self-esteem and family expressiveness, although there weredifferences both between sexes, and when the variable depression was controlled. Identifying these risk factors in pre-adolescents may have an impact on prevention of suicidal behavior at higher risk ages