Capital cities of federations. On the way to analysing the normative base of their asymmetrical status

Federal Capitals often have special statutes. Compared with member states, they often enjoy a lower degree of self-government and a lesser share in the governing of the federation. Why do actors choose such devices, and how can they be justified in a liberal democracy? Surprisingly, the burgeoning literature on asymmetric federalism (to which our research group has contributed significantly) has overlooked this important feature of a de iure asymmetry, perhaps because political theory up to now has concentrated on cases of multicultural and plurinational federations. However, comparative literature is also rare. This paper is the first step to filling in this gap by comparing some federal capitals. The Federal District model (Washington) is compared to capitals organized as member-states (Berlin and Brussels), and capitals that are cities belonging to a single member state (Ottawa in Ontario). The different features of de iure asymmetry will thereby be highlighted. Some light will be shed on the possible motives, reasons and justifications for the choice of each respective status. The paper opens the door to further research on such status questions by analysing public and parliamentary debates, for example. It paves the way for more thorough research. Sicne the author has been awarded a grant by the Institut d’Estudis Autonòmics, this research will be carried out soon.

Activando municipios para la promoción de la salud: un estudio de caso en comunidades rurales

Desde la proclamación oficial de la promoción de la salud como objetivo de las políticas de salud pública (Ottawa, 1986), la atención se fue centrando cada vez más en el desarrollo y potenciación de los recursos de salud para la población. Así, se consideran “activos para la salud” cualquier factor o recurso que potencie la capacidad de los individuos, de las comunidades y poblaciones para mantener la salud y el bienestar. Este trabajo utiliza un diseño participativo centrado en el usuario entendiéndolo como sujeto activo que nos ayuda a comprender la realidad dentro de su marco de referencia. El trabajo se realiza desde la comunidad y con la comunidad en un proceso participativo en comunidades rurales y con el objetivo de capacitar, fortalecer y empoderar a las comunidades en torno al concepto de salud (WHO, 2012). Se realizaron 3 grupos focales exploratorios y 14 entrevistas en profundidad. En los resultados se identifica cómo se define el concepto de salud por parte de los profesionales y de los usuarios y se conocen las prácticas de las personas implicadas y su sentir en relación con los activos de salud de su comunidad. Concluimos con el diseño de un plan de acción que contribuye a la promoción de la salud empoderando a su vez a la comunidad

Cultural Planning and community sustainability: The case of the Cultural Facilities Plan of Catalonia (PECCAT 2010-20)

The government of Catalonia has developed a planning framework that seeks to establish the provision of cultural facilities throughout the country. The Cultural Facilities Plan of Catalonia (PECCAT) is based on an analysis of historical gaps and establishes a minimum spatial scheme. The plan responds to problems associated with the absence of a former similar instrument, which has led to an inconsistent and inappropriate cultural infrastructure that fails to fulfill its fundamental mission of securing the cultural rights of the population. The paper sets forth the aims of this policy and describes the objectives and basic characteristics of the plan and the expected outcomes. With the plan, the government of Catalonia seeks to rebalance the infrastructure within the territory and to ensure universal access to basic cultural services, while avoiding a logic of standardization and taking local communities into account. With the development of local plans in the municipalities, local governments encourage community participation processes to adapt and decide on priorities for action based on needs assessments and cultural opportunities for local sustainable development. The local plans focus on local cultural strengths, take advantage of opportunities, and aim to realize the cultural dynamics of a place through establishing an infrastructure that can best respond to the needs and cultural demands of the local communities, taking into account economic, social, and environmental sustainability.