Habilidades terapéuticas de salud mental en enfermería

La salud mental (SM) de los ciudadanos pasará a ser en los años venideros una de las principales necesidades deatención en la asistencia sanitaria, debido al incremento progresivo que se está observando en los problemas deSM, destacando entre estos los trastornos depresivos i de ansiedad. En este nuevo siglo, entre las accionesprioritarias en la atención sanitaria van a destacar el trabajo preventivo en SM, el diagnóstico precoz en esteámbito y el aumento de los cuidados en estas alteraciones, lo que precisará de una mayor preparación enhabilidades terapéuticas en SM de todos los profesionales sanitarios y entre ellos de los profesionales deenfermería

The construction process of pedagogical knowledge among nursing professors

Didactic knowledge about contents is constructed through an idiosyncratic synthesis between knowledge about the subject area, students' general pedagogical knowledge and the teacher's biography. This study aimed to understand the construction process and the sources of Pedagogical Content Knowledge, as well as to analyze its manifestations and variations in interactive teaching by teachers whom the students considered competent. Data collection involved teachers from an undergraduate nursing program in the South of Brazil, through non-participant observation and semistructured interviews. Data analysis was submitted to the constant comparison method. The results disclose the need for initial education to cover pedagogical aspects for nurses; to assume permanent education as fundamental in view of the complexity of contents and teaching; to use mentoring/monitoring and the value learning with experienced teachers with a view to the development of quality teaching.

Is the ATIC terminology oriented to nursing phenomena?

The main goal of this observational and descriptive study is to evaluate whether the diagnosis axis of a nursing interface terminology meets the content validity criterion of being nursing-phenomena oriented. Nursing diagnosis concepts were analyzed in terms of presence in the nursing literature, type of articles published and areas of disciplinary interest. The search strategy was conducted in three databases with limits in relation to period and languages. The final analysis included 287 nursing diagnosis concepts. The results showed that most of the concepts were identified in the scientific literature, with a homogeneous distribution of types of designs. Most of these concepts (87.7%) were studied from two or more areas of disciplinary interest. Validity studies on disciplinary controlled vocabularies may contribute to demonstrate the nursing influence on patients" outcomes.

Development process and initial validation of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire-critical care version

Background: Ethical conflicts are arising as a result of the growing complexity of clinical care, coupled with technological advances. Most studies that have developed instruments for measuring ethical conflict base their measures on the variables"frequency" and"degree of conflict". In our view, however, these variables are insufficient for explaining the root of ethical conflicts. Consequently, the present study formulates a conceptual model that also includes the variable"exposure to conflict", as well as considering six"types of ethical conflict". An instrument was then designed to measure the ethical conflicts experienced by nurses who work with critical care patients. The paper describes the development process and validation of this instrument, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV). Methods: The sample comprised 205 nursing professionals from the critical care units of two hospitals in Barcelona (Spain). The ECNQ-CCV presents 19 nursing scenarios with the potential to produce ethical conflict in the critical care setting. Exposure to ethical conflict was assessed by means of the Index of Exposure to Ethical Conflict (IEEC), a specific index developed to provide a reference value for each respondent by combining the intensity and frequency of occurrence of each scenario featured in the ECNQ-CCV. Following content validity, construct validity was assessed by means of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Cronbach"s alpha was used to evaluate the instrument"s reliability. All analyses were performed using the statistical software PASW v19. Results: Cronbach"s alpha for the ECNQ-CCV as a whole was 0.882, which is higher than the values reported for certain other related instruments. The EFA suggested a unidimensional structure, with one component accounting for 33.41% of the explained variance. Conclusions: The ECNQ-CCV is shown to a valid and reliable instrument for use in critical care units. Its structure is such that the four variables on which our model of ethical conflict is based may be studied separately or in combination. The critical care nurses in this sample present moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. This study represents the first evaluation of the ECNQ-CCV.

Development process and initial validation of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire-critical care version

Background: Ethical conflicts are arising as a result of the growing complexity of clinical care, coupled with technological advances. Most studies that have developed instruments for measuring ethical conflict base their measures on the variables"frequency" and"degree of conflict". In our view, however, these variables are insufficient for explaining the root of ethical conflicts. Consequently, the present study formulates a conceptual model that also includes the variable"exposure to conflict", as well as considering six"types of ethical conflict". An instrument was then designed to measure the ethical conflicts experienced by nurses who work with critical care patients. The paper describes the development process and validation of this instrument, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV). Methods: The sample comprised 205 nursing professionals from the critical care units of two hospitals in Barcelona (Spain). The ECNQ-CCV presents 19 nursing scenarios with the potential to produce ethical conflict in the critical care setting. Exposure to ethical conflict was assessed by means of the Index of Exposure to Ethical Conflict (IEEC), a specific index developed to provide a reference value for each respondent by combining the intensity and frequency of occurrence of each scenario featured in the ECNQ-CCV. Following content validity, construct validity was assessed by means of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Cronbach"s alpha was used to evaluate the instrument"s reliability. All analyses were performed using the statistical software PASW v19. Results: Cronbach"s alpha for the ECNQ-CCV as a whole was 0.882, which is higher than the values reported for certain other related instruments. The EFA suggested a unidimensional structure, with one component accounting for 33.41% of the explained variance. Conclusions: The ECNQ-CCV is shown to a valid and reliable instrument for use in critical care units. Its structure is such that the four variables on which our model of ethical conflict is based may be studied separately or in combination. The critical care nurses in this sample present moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. This study represents the first evaluation of the ECNQ-CCV.

A nursing interface terminology: evaluation of face validity

A range of different language systems for nursing diagnosis, interventions and outcomes are currently available. Nursing terminologies are intended to support nursing practice but they have to be evaluated. This study aims to assess the results of an expert survey to establish the face validity of a nursing interface terminology. The study applied a descriptive design with a cross-sectional survey strategy using a written questionnaire administered to expert nurses working in hospitals. Sample size was estimated at 35 participants. The questionnaire included topics related to validity and reliability criteria for nursing controlled vocabularies described in the literature. Mean global score and criteria scoring at least 7 were considered main outcome measures. The analysis included descriptive statistics with a confidence level of 95%. The mean global score was 8.1. The mean score for the validity criteria was 8.4 and 7.8 for reliability and applicability criteria. Two of the criteria for reliability and applicability evaluation did not achieve minimum scores. According to the experts" responses, this terminology meets face validity, but that improvements are required in some criteria and further research is needed to completely demonstrate its metric properties.

Evaluating the impact of filming on the number of errors committed by nursing students to determine the efficacy of simulated clinical situations

Clinic simulation as a training and knowledge method allows people experiment a real event representation with the aim of acquiring knowledge, abilities and aptitudes. The filming of the staging represents a useful tool to review the decisions taken and the actions they did, with the purpose to highlight the strengths, weaknesses and the areas for improvement. The article describes a study carried out by a group of students in second course of nursing, and it tries to evaluate if there is any influence if somebody is filming you during the clinic simulation, does it make you do more errors or not?

Development process and initial validation of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire-critical care version

Background: Ethical conflicts are arising as a result of the growing complexity of clinical care, coupled with technological advances. Most studies that have developed instruments for measuring ethical conflict base their measures on the variables"frequency" and"degree of conflict". In our view, however, these variables are insufficient for explaining the root of ethical conflicts. Consequently, the present study formulates a conceptual model that also includes the variable"exposure to conflict", as well as considering six"types of ethical conflict". An instrument was then designed to measure the ethical conflicts experienced by nurses who work with critical care patients. The paper describes the development process and validation of this instrument, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV). Methods: The sample comprised 205 nursing professionals from the critical care units of two hospitals in Barcelona (Spain). The ECNQ-CCV presents 19 nursing scenarios with the potential to produce ethical conflict in the critical care setting. Exposure to ethical conflict was assessed by means of the Index of Exposure to Ethical Conflict (IEEC), a specific index developed to provide a reference value for each respondent by combining the intensity and frequency of occurrence of each scenario featured in the ECNQ-CCV. Following content validity, construct validity was assessed by means of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Cronbach"s alpha was used to evaluate the instrument"s reliability. All analyses were performed using the statistical software PASW v19. Results: Cronbach"s alpha for the ECNQ-CCV as a whole was 0.882, which is higher than the values reported for certain other related instruments. The EFA suggested a unidimensional structure, with one component accounting for 33.41% of the explained variance. Conclusions: The ECNQ-CCV is shown to a valid and reliable instrument for use in critical care units. Its structure is such that the four variables on which our model of ethical conflict is based may be studied separately or in combination. The critical care nurses in this sample present moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. This study represents the first evaluation of the ECNQ-CCV.

Development process and initial validation of the ethical conflict in nursing questionnaire-critical care version

Background: Ethical conflicts are arising as a result of the growing complexity of clinical care, coupled with technological advances. Most studies that have developed instruments for measuring ethical conflict base their measures on the variables"frequency" and"degree of conflict". In our view, however, these variables are insufficient for explaining the root of ethical conflicts. Consequently, the present study formulates a conceptual model that also includes the variable"exposure to conflict", as well as considering six"types of ethical conflict". An instrument was then designed to measure the ethical conflicts experienced by nurses who work with critical care patients. The paper describes the development process and validation of this instrument, the Ethical Conflict in Nursing Questionnaire Critical Care Version (ECNQ-CCV). Methods: The sample comprised 205 nursing professionals from the critical care units of two hospitals in Barcelona (Spain). The ECNQ-CCV presents 19 nursing scenarios with the potential to produce ethical conflict in the critical care setting. Exposure to ethical conflict was assessed by means of the Index of Exposure to Ethical Conflict (IEEC), a specific index developed to provide a reference value for each respondent by combining the intensity and frequency of occurrence of each scenario featured in the ECNQ-CCV. Following content validity, construct validity was assessed by means of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while Cronbach"s alpha was used to evaluate the instrument"s reliability. All analyses were performed using the statistical software PASW v19. Results: Cronbach"s alpha for the ECNQ-CCV as a whole was 0.882, which is higher than the values reported for certain other related instruments. The EFA suggested a unidimensional structure, with one component accounting for 33.41% of the explained variance. Conclusions: The ECNQ-CCV is shown to a valid and reliable instrument for use in critical care units. Its structure is such that the four variables on which our model of ethical conflict is based may be studied separately or in combination. The critical care nurses in this sample present moderate levels of exposure to ethical conflict. This study represents the first evaluation of the ECNQ-CCV.

Análisis de contexto organizativo de la práctica enfermera. El Nursing Work Index en los hospitales públicos

El contexto organizativo para la prestación de cuidados incluye los factores organizativos y estructurales que facilitan la práctica profesional enfermera y tienen un impacto significativo en los resultados de los pacientes y de los centros. Objetivo: analizar el contexto organizativo para la prestación de cuidados en los hospitales del sistema público de salud. Método: los datos se recogieron en los talleres organizados por la Coordinación de Enfermería del Institut Català de la Salut, empleando un cuestionario que contenía los elementos del Nursing Work Index-Revised. La estrategia de análisis es eminentemente descriptiva, incluyendo también la exploración de la correlación entre las subescalas del instrumento. Resultados: se analizaron 405 cuestionarios. El resultado principal del estudio indica un bajo grado de desarrollo del contexto organizativo en los hospitales estudiados. Los factores organizativos más desarrollados son la"Autonomía" y el"Control sobre la práctica enfermera". Los factores organizativos menos desarrollados incluyen el"Reconocimiento profesional" y la"Formación". Ninguno de los factores evaluados obtuvo una puntuación sobresaliente. Conclusiones: el Nursing Work Index-Revised es una buena herramienta para efectuar una estimación aproximada del contexto organizativo para la prestación de cuidados. Los gestores deberían hacer una profunda reflexión sobre el coste de no considerar los aspectos que facilitan la práctica enfermera en los hospitales.

Verifique sus conocimientos sobre radioprotección

La protección radiológica en radiodiagnóstico merece una atención específica que abordaremos en esta entrega que forma parte de una serie sobre pruebas complementarias que se inició en el Nursing2007 de abril. La utilización de técnicas basadas en el uso de radiación ionizante es muy habitual en nuestro entorno laboral. En estas técnicas intervienen cada vez más profesionales de enfermería, tanto desde un punto de vista de la realización, como de supervisión y de apoyo del médico en su realización. Nuestro objetivo es familiarizar a los/as profesionales de enfermería con la protección radiológica y con el conocimiento de las herramientas y mecanismos de que disponemos, o deberíamos disponer, en nuestros centros asistenciales para aplicarlos desde el punto de vista de protección de la salud. Es importante aclarar que hay disciplinas médicas, diagnósticas o terapéuticas, que utilizan otras radiaciones ionizantes (alfa, beta y gamma), diferentes a las radiaciones X empleadas en radiodiagnóstico. En tal caso, aunque la base sea común, pueden estar sujetas a otras medidas de prevención. Finalmente creemos que de esta manera combatiremos posibles temores y prejuicios en torno a los rayos X; tendremos claras las principales precauciones que podemos tomar y cómo las gestionamos en el desempeño de nuestras funciones diarias como enfermeros/as desde un punto de vista de riesgo laboral.

Tómese unos minutos para revisar sus conocimientos sobre Transmisión de infecciones. Autoprotección del personal sanitario

En la transmisión de infecciones se mezclan las evidencias científicas, los miedos y las valoraciones personales del riesgo de contagio, en ocasiones inadecuadas, dado que el concepto"riesgo" es siempre subjetivo y difícil de definir. Todo ello puede generar conceptos erróneos o no totalmente ciertos. Esta autoevaluación es una pequeña contribución para separar"los mitos y/o leyendas sanitarias" de las realidades en relación con los riesgos de transmisión de algunas infecciones al personal sanitario.

Verifique sus conocimientos sobre radioprotección

La protección radiológica en radiodiagnóstico merece una atención específica que abordaremos en esta entrega que forma parte de una serie sobre pruebas complementarias que se inició en el Nursing2007 de abril. La utilización de técnicas basadas en el uso de radiación ionizante es muy habitual en nuestro entorno laboral. En estas técnicas intervienen cada vez más profesionales de enfermería, tanto desde un punto de vista de la realización, como de supervisión y de apoyo del médico en su realización. Nuestro objetivo es familiarizar a los/as profesionales de enfermería con la protección radiológica y con el conocimiento de las herramientas y mecanismos de que disponemos, o deberíamos disponer, en nuestros centros asistenciales para aplicarlos desde el punto de vista de protección de la salud. Es importante aclarar que hay disciplinas médicas, diagnósticas o terapéuticas, que utilizan otras radiaciones ionizantes (alfa, beta y gamma), diferentes a las radiaciones X empleadas en radiodiagnóstico. En tal caso, aunque la base sea común, pueden estar sujetas a otras medidas de prevención. Finalmente creemos que de esta manera combatiremos posibles temores y prejuicios en torno a los rayos X; tendremos claras las principales precauciones que podemos tomar y cómo las gestionamos en el desempeño de nuestras funciones diarias como enfermeros/as desde un punto de vista de riesgo laboral.

Tómese unos minutos para revisar sus conocimientos sobre Transmisión de infecciones. Autoprotección del personal sanitario

En la transmisión de infecciones se mezclan las evidencias científicas, los miedos y las valoraciones personales del riesgo de contagio, en ocasiones inadecuadas, dado que el concepto"riesgo" es siempre subjetivo y difícil de definir. Todo ello puede generar conceptos erróneos o no totalmente ciertos. Esta autoevaluación es una pequeña contribución para separar"los mitos y/o leyendas sanitarias" de las realidades en relación con los riesgos de transmisión de algunas infecciones al personal sanitario.

Tómese unos minutos para revisar sus conocimientos sobre...Las precauciones estándar. Test de autoevaluación

Los últimos acontecimientos en materia de salud, como la aparición del SARS (síndrome agudo respiratorio severo) y el aumento de las infecciones nosocomiales han vuelto a poner en debate la importancia de que se apliquen las precauciones estándar por parte de todo el personal sanitario. Si bien las precauciones estándar están protocolizadas en la mayoría de los centros de salud de nuestro país, existe una gran confusión y desconocimiento al respecto