El Màrqueting de Zara i l'efecte de la crisi a Inditex

L’objectiu del nostre treball és estudiar certes parts del màrqueting de Zara i comprovar com ha afectat lacrisi a Inditex. Bàsicament, volíem veure si eren certes algunes de les afirmacions que havíem conegut através de la xarxa i de certs llibres.Per tal de realitzar un millor estudi, hem comparat certes estratègies de màrqueting de Zara amb les deMango i hem comparat els últims resultats econòmics d’Inditex amb els de Mango.Hem comprovat que bastants de les informacions conegudes han estat certes. Com a afirmacions, i pertant, com a conclusions del nostre treball, podem trobar, pel que fa a la primera part del nostre treball, lapart dedicada al màrqueting, que Inditex segueix unes estratègies de màrqueting bastant particulars i,comparant-ho amb Mango, bastant diferents a les d’aquest últim. Per exemple, les estratègies depublicitat seguides per Zara són molt diferents a les de Mango, més endavant explicarem perquè.Una cosa important a destacar, és que en un principi crèiem que Zara no invertia en publicitat, però hemdescobert que sí que ho fa, però, tal com hem dit, d’una manera molt diferent a la de Mango.Continuant amb estratègies de màrqueting, hem de fer menció de l’ús dels aparadors com a publicitat dela marca, entre d’altres coses.Pel que fa a una altra estratègia de màrqueting de Zara, cal dir que hem descobert que el fet de tenir duesbotigues molt properes és beneficiós per Zara, no tant per les vendes, sinó com a forma de publicitat.Un altre punt molt important a tenir en compte és la principal clau de l’èxit de Zara que, segons el nostreestudi, ha resultat ser “La Moda”.Ja per últim, cal dir que podem afirmar la sospita que cada Zara és diferent, segons on està aquest ubicat,tant en tipus de roba com en aparadors, fet que ens demostra que cada Zara va dirigit a un tipus deconsumidor diferent.Pel que fa a la segona part del nostre treball, hem arribat a la conclusió que Zara no ha patit molt per lacrisi, tot i que el seu rendiment econòmic des que va començar aquesta, no ha estat tan bo com altresanys.

The varieties of regional change

Many metropolitan areas have experienced extreme boom-bust cycles over the past century. Some places, like Detroit, grew enormously as industrial powerhouses and then declined, while other older cities, like Boston, seem quite resilient. Education does a reasonable job of explaining urban resilience. In this paper, we present a simple model where education increases the level of entrepreneurship. In this model, human capital spillovers occur at the city level because skilled workers produce more product varieties and thereby increase labor demand. We decompose empirically the causes of the connection between skills and urban success and find that skills are associated with growth in productivity or entrepreneurship, not with growth in quality of life, at least outside of the West. We also find that skills seem to have depressed housing supply growth in the West, but not in other regions, which supports the view that educated residents in that region have fought for tougher land-use controls. We also present evidence that skills have had a disproportionately large impact on unemployment during the current recession.

Cities, skills, and regional change

One approach to urban areas emphasizes the existence of certain immutable relationships, such as Zipf's or Gibrat's Law. An alternative view is that urban changereflects individual responses to changing tastes or technologies. This paper examinesalmost 200 years of regional change in the U.S. and finds that few, if any, growth relationships remain constant, including Gibrat's Law. Education does a reasonable jobof explaining urban resilience in recent decades, but does not seem to predict countygrowth a century ago. After reviewing this evidence, we present and estimate a simple model of regional change, where education increases the level of entrepreneurship.Human capital spillovers occur at the city level because skilled workers produce moreproduct varieties and thereby increase labor demand. We find that skills are associatedwith growth in productivity or entrepreneurship, not with growth in quality of life, atleast outside of the West. We also find that skills seem to have depressed housing supplygrowth in the West, but not in other regions, which supports the view that educatedresidents in that region have fought for tougher land-use controls. We also present evidence that skills have had a disproportionately large impact on unemployment duringthe current recession.

A peroxisomal glutathione transferase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is functionally related to sulfur amino acid metabolism

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells contain three omega-class glutathione transferases with glutaredoxin activity (Gto1, Gto2, and Gto3), in addition to two glutathione transferases (Gtt1 and Gtt2) not classifiable into standard classes. Gto1 is located at the peroxisomes, where it is targeted through a PTS1-type sequence, whereas Gto2 and Gto3 are in the cytosol. Among the GTO genes, GTO2 shows the strongest induction of expression by agents such as diamide, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, tert-butyl hydroperoxide or cadmium, in a manner that is dependent on transcriptional factors Yap1 and/or Msn2/4. Diamide and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (causing depletion of reduced glutathione) also induce expression of GTO1 over basal levels. Phenotypic analyses with single and multiple mutants in the S. cerevisiae glutathione transferase genes show that, in the absence of Gto1 and the two Gtt proteins, cells display increased sensitivity to cadmium. A gto1-null mutant also shows growth defects on oleic acid-based medium, which is indicative of abnormal peroxisomal functions, and altered expression of genes related to sulfur amino acid metabolism. As a consequence, growth of the gto1 mutant is delayed in growth medium without lysine, serine, or threonine, and the mutant cells have low levels of reduced glutathione. The role of Gto1 at the S. cerevisiae peroxisomes could be related to the redox regulation of the Str3 cystathionine -lyase protein. This protein is also located at the peroxisomes in S. cerevisiae, where it is involved in transulfuration of cysteine into homocysteine, and requires a conserved cysteine residue for its biological activity.

Niche Differentiation and Fine-Scale Projections for Argentine Ants Based on Remotely Sensed Data

Modeling ecological niches of species is a promising approach for predicting the geographic potential of invasive species in new environments. Argentine ants (Linepithema humile) rank among the most successful invasive species: native to South America, they have invaded broad areas worldwide. Despite their widespread success, little is known about what makes an area susceptible - or not - to invasion. Here, we use a genetic algorithm approach to ecological niche modeling based on high-resolution remote-sensing data to examine the roles of niche similarity and difference in predicting invasions by this species. Our comparisons support a picture of general conservatism of the species' ecological characteristics, in spite of distinct geographic and community contexts