Prólogo: Hombres escritos por mujeres

La lucha política del feminismo partió de las mujeres y para las mujeres, y excluyó inicialmente a los hombres, ya que representaban el sujeto visible de las instituciones patriarcales. En la literatura escrita por mujeres, esto significó tanto la crítica a las imágenes femeninas estereotipadas que presentaban muchas de las obras consideradas «universales», como la configuración de heroínas distintas, más complejas y «positivas» que sirvieran de modelo a las mujeres reales para elaborar nuevos códigos de conducta y de relación con los hombres. Sin embargo, a medida que las reivindicaciones del feminismo se fueron afirmando, este primer paso dejó de ser necesario y, actualmente, incluso las autoras feministas dedican tanta atención a los personajes masculinos como a los femeninos, huyendo de los tópicos, tanto antiguos como nuevos. Los ensayos del presente volumen parten de la consideración del discurso literario como un espacio privilegiado de la construcción y deconstrucción de los géneros. Analizan personajes masculinos escritos por mujeres pertenecientes a épocas y culturas distintas, desde Madame de Lafayette en la Francia del s. XVII a las jóvenes autoras gallegas del s. XXI. Dichos personajes, tanto los de ficción como los que se basan en personas reales (como Sartre, «escrito» por Simone de Beauvoir, o Picasso, por Gertrude Stein) son también complejos, matizados, e incluso contradictorios, es decir, irreductibles a una única perspectiva.

Prólogo: Hombres escritos por mujeres

La lucha política del feminismo partió de las mujeres y para las mujeres, y excluyó inicialmente a los hombres, ya que representaban el sujeto visible de las instituciones patriarcales. En la literatura escrita por mujeres, esto significó tanto la crítica a las imágenes femeninas estereotipadas que presentaban muchas de las obras consideradas «universales», como la configuración de heroínas distintas, más complejas y «positivas» que sirvieran de modelo a las mujeres reales para elaborar nuevos códigos de conducta y de relación con los hombres. Sin embargo, a medida que las reivindicaciones del feminismo se fueron afirmando, este primer paso dejó de ser necesario y, actualmente, incluso las autoras feministas dedican tanta atención a los personajes masculinos como a los femeninos, huyendo de los tópicos, tanto antiguos como nuevos. Los ensayos del presente volumen parten de la consideración del discurso literario como un espacio privilegiado de la construcción y deconstrucción de los géneros. Analizan personajes masculinos escritos por mujeres pertenecientes a épocas y culturas distintas, desde Madame de Lafayette en la Francia del s. XVII a las jóvenes autoras gallegas del s. XXI. Dichos personajes, tanto los de ficción como los que se basan en personas reales (como Sartre, «escrito» por Simone de Beauvoir, o Picasso, por Gertrude Stein) son también complejos, matizados, e incluso contradictorios, es decir, irreductibles a una única perspectiva.

Prólogo: Hombres escritos por mujeres

La lucha política del feminismo partió de las mujeres y para las mujeres, y excluyó inicialmente a los hombres, ya que representaban el sujeto visible de las instituciones patriarcales. En la literatura escrita por mujeres, esto significó tanto la crítica a las imágenes femeninas estereotipadas que presentaban muchas de las obras consideradas «universales», como la configuración de heroínas distintas, más complejas y «positivas» que sirvieran de modelo a las mujeres reales para elaborar nuevos códigos de conducta y de relación con los hombres. Sin embargo, a medida que las reivindicaciones del feminismo se fueron afirmando, este primer paso dejó de ser necesario y, actualmente, incluso las autoras feministas dedican tanta atención a los personajes masculinos como a los femeninos, huyendo de los tópicos, tanto antiguos como nuevos. Los ensayos del presente volumen parten de la consideración del discurso literario como un espacio privilegiado de la construcción y deconstrucción de los géneros. Analizan personajes masculinos escritos por mujeres pertenecientes a épocas y culturas distintas, desde Madame de Lafayette en la Francia del s. XVII a las jóvenes autoras gallegas del s. XXI. Dichos personajes, tanto los de ficción como los que se basan en personas reales (como Sartre, «escrito» por Simone de Beauvoir, o Picasso, por Gertrude Stein) son también complejos, matizados, e incluso contradictorios, es decir, irreductibles a una única perspectiva.

Gender inequalities in occupational health related to the unequal distribution of working and employment conditions: a systematic review

Gender inequalities exist in work life, but little is known about their presence in relation to factors examined in occupation health settings. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the working and employment conditions described as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health in studies related to occupational health published between 1999 and 2010. A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts, LILACS, EconLit and CINAHL between 1999 and 2010. Epidemiologic studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion criteria to the title, abstract, and complete text. The quality of the studies was also assessed. Selected studies were qualitatively analysed, resulting in a compilation of all differences between women and men in the prevalence of exposure to working and employment conditions and work-related health problems as outcomes. Most of the 30 studies included were conducted in Europe (n=19) and had a cross-sectional design (n=24). The most common topic analysed was related to the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards (n=8). Employed women had more job insecurity, lower control, worse contractual working conditions and poorer self-perceived physical and mental health than men did. Conversely, employed men had a higher degree of physically demanding work, lower support, higher levels of effort-reward imbalance, higher job status, were more exposed to noise and worked longer hours than women did. This systematic review has identified a set of working and employment conditions as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health from the occupational health literature. These results may be useful to policy makers seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health, and to researchers wishing to analyse these determinants in greater depth.

A survey on voltage sag events in power systems

This paper aims to survey the techniques and methods described in literature to analyse and characterise voltage sags and the corresponding objectives of these works. The study has been performed from a data mining point of view

Fiscal foresight, forecast revisions and the effects of government spending in the open economy

This paper investigates the effects of government spending on the real exchange rate and the trade balance in the US using a new VAR identification procedure based on spending forecast revisions. I find that the real exchange rate appreciates and the trade balance deteriorates after a government spending shock, although the effects are quantitatively small. The findings broadly match the theoretical predictions of the standard Mundell-Fleming model and differ substantially from those existing in literature. Differences are attributable to the fact that, because of fiscal foresight, the government spending is non-fundamental for the variables typically used in open economy VARs. Here, on the contrary, the estimated shock is fundamental.

Joint determinants of education enrolment and first birth timing in France and West Germany

We examined the reciprocal influence between educational decisions and the timing of first births, using the Family and Fertility Surveys of France and West Germany. Since these two processes are potentially endogenous, we modelled them jointly, using event history models. We hypothesise that the reciprocal impact of educational and fertility careers, as well as the impact of the common determinants of both processes, are gender specific and context specific.The results show a significant endogeneity for women and men in both countries. This endogeneity is stronger for women than for men, while no substantial differences are found between the two countries. Removing this shared and unobserved heterogeneity, the results show a stronger reciprocal impact between the processes for women than for men. A similar impact of being enrolled in education on first birth in both countries is found, while the effect of the birth (and especially of the pregnancy) of the first child on terminating one’s education appeared to be more marked in West Gernany than in France.

Beyond the glass ceiling: Does gender matter?

The representation of women in top corporate officer positions is steadily increasing. However, little is known about the impact this will have. A large literature documents that women are different from men in their choices and in their preferences, but most of this literature relies on samples of college students or workers at lower levels in the corporate hierarchy. If women must be like men to break the glass ceiling, we might expect gender differences to disappear among top executives. In contrast, using a large survey of all directors of publicly-traded corporations in Sweden, we show that female and male directors differ systematically in their core values and risk attitudes. While certain population gender differences disappear at the director level, others do not. Consistent with the findings for the Swedish population, female directors are more benevolent and universally concerned, but less power-oriented than men. However, they are less traditional and security-oriented than their male counterparts. Furthermore, female directors are slightly more risk-loving than male directors. This suggests that having a women on the board need not lead to more risk-averse decision-making.

New insights on the crystalline forms in binary systems of n-alkanes: Characterization of the solid ordered phases in the phase diagram tricosane + pentacosane

X-ray diffraction analyses of the pure components n-tricosane and n-pentacosane and of their binary mixed samples have enabled us to characterize the crystalline phases observed at low temperature. On the contrary to what was announced in literature on the structural behavior of mixed samples in odd-odd binary systems with D n = 2, the three domains are not all orthorhombic. This work has enabled us to show that two of the domains are, in fact, monoclinic, (Aa, Z = 4) and the other one is orthorhombic (Pca21, Z = 4). The conclusions drawn in this work can be easily transposed to other binary systems of n-alkanes.

Nuclear incompressibility in the quasilocal density functional theory

We explore the ability of the recently established quasilocal density functional theory for describing the isoscalar giant monopole resonance. Within this theory we use the scaling approach and perform constrained calculations for obtaining the cubic and inverse energy weighted moments (sum rules) of the RPA strength. The meaning of the sum rule approach in this case is discussed. Numerical calculations are carried out using Gogny forces and an excellent agreement is found with HF+RPA results previously reported in literature. The nuclear matter compression modulus predicted in our model lies in the range 210230 MeV which agrees with earlier findings. The information provided by the sum rule approach in the case of nuclei near the neutron drip line is also discussed.

Damn Platonism! Concrete Persons' Skin, Flesh and Bodies: Three Phases of a Won Battle in Miquel Àngel Riera's poetry

The aim of this article is to show how, throughout M. A. Riera's poetry, an evident anti-metaphysical sensibility can be easily detected, which in its turn makes the poet to praise concrete person's skin, flesh and bodies, thus avoiding any personal Platonic or idealistic experience of human love. In the author's opinion, an accurate reading of his poems makes us discover Plato and Platonism as one of the great responsible thinkers for the contempt of carnal love, which has been undoubtedly the origin of a real human pain as a result of denying the somatic side of eros.

An epidemiological study of dental agenesis in a primary health area in Spain: estimated prevalence and associated factors

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of dental agenesis and its possible association with other developmental dental anomalies and systemic entities. Setting and Sample Population: Descriptive transversal study, for which 1518 clinical records, of patients visited by the Odontological Service of the Primary Health Centre of Cassà de la Selva (Girona-Spain) between December 2002 and February 2006 were reviewed. The data were recorded in relation to the oral and dental anomalies and the associated systemic entities, between the ones referred as concomitant in literature. Results: Values of 9.48% (7.25% excluding the third molars) for dental agenesis and 0.39% for oligodontia were obtained. The presence of dental agenesis concomitant with some other forms of oral and dental anomalies was observed. Attention must be drawn to the fact that a greater number of concomitant systemic entities were observed in those patients that presented a severe phenotypical pattern of dental agenesis. Conclusions: The results of the present study do not differ from the ones reported in studies of similar characteristics among Occidental and Spanish populations. The relationship observed between certain systemic entities and developmental dental anomalies suggest a possible common genetic etiology