Power laws and scaling of rain events and dry spells in the Catalonia region

We analyze the statistics of rain-event sizes, rain-event durations, and dry-spell durations in a network of 20 rain gauges scattered in an area situated close to the NW Mediterranean coast. Power-law distributions emerge clearly for the dryspell durations, with an exponent around 1.50 ± 0.05, although for event sizes and durations the power-law ranges are rather limited, in some cases. Deviations from power-law behavior are attributed to finite-size effects. A scaling analysis helps to elucidate the situation, providing support for the existence of scale invariance in these distributions. It is remarkable that rain data of not very high resolution yield findings in agreement with self-organized critical phenomena.

Restless bandits, partial conservation laws and indexability

We show that if performance measures in a stochastic scheduling problem satisfy a set of so-called partial conservation laws (PCL), which extend previously studied generalized conservation laws (GCL), then the problem is solved optimally by a priority-index policy for an appropriate range of linear performance objectives, where the optimal indices are computed by a one-pass adaptive-greedy algorithm, based on Klimov's. We further apply this framework to investigate the indexability property of restless bandits introduced by Whittle, obtaining the following results: (1) we identify a class of restless bandits (PCL-indexable) which are indexable; membership in this class is tested through a single run of the adaptive-greedy algorithm, which also computes the Whittle indices when the test is positive; this provides a tractable sufficient condition for indexability; (2) we further indentify the class of GCL-indexable bandits, which includes classical bandits, having the property that they are indexable under any linear reward objective. The analysis is based on the so-called achievable region method, as the results follow fromnew linear programming formulations for the problems investigated.

Diagonal ear lobe crease and atherosclerosis: a review of the medical literature and dental implications

In Spain a significant number of individuals die from atherosclerotic disease of the coronary and carotid arteries without having classic risk factors and prodromal symptoms. The diagonal ear lobe crease (DELC) has been characterized in the medical literature as a surrogate marker which can identify high risk patients having occult atherosclerosis. This topic however has not been examined in either the medical or dental literature emanating from Spain. The majority of clinical, angiography and postmortem reports support the premise that DELC is a valuable extravascular physical sign able to distinguish some patients at risk of succumbing to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. A minority of studies have however failed to support this hypothesis. More recently reports using B mode ultrasound have also linked DELC to atherosclerosis of the carotid artery and another report has related DELC to the presence of calcified carotid artery atheromas on panoramic radiographs. DELC is readily visible during head and neck cancer screening examinations. In conjunction with the patient"s medical history, vital signs, and panoramic radiograph, the DELC may assist in atherosclerotic risk assessment

Diagnosi d'una llei franquista: la Llei de Redempció de Censos de 1945

El 31 de desembre de 1945 les cons franquistes van aprovar una Llei de Redempció de Censos específica per a Catalunya. Es tractava d'una llei que permetia als censataris, és a dir, als emfiteutes, als propietaris de finques gravades amb censos, d'accedir a la propietat plena de les "seves" finques, és a dir, de les finques de les quals eren titulars del domini útil. D'entrada, la promulgació d'una llei com aquesta, en el marc d'un règim franquista, pot provocar un cert desconcert. En el discurs historiogràfic dominant sobre l'Espanya contemporània, la supervivència dels censos ha estat vista com una prova de la supervivència dels drets feudals, és a dir, com una clara rèmora del passat, com una evidencia del caràcter incomplet de la revolució liberal, i també com un obstacle al desenvolupament agrari i, per tant, al creixement econòmic'. Una llei de redempció de censos ha tendit a ser vista, en aquest context, com una llei clarament beneficiosa per al conjunt de la societat i, en particular, per a la pagesia i els sectors més populars. El corol·lari que es deriva d’aquesta percepció implica, admetem-ho, una visió favorable al paper del franquisme: aquest regim hauria exercit, en aquest terreny específic de les relacions socials agràries, un paper modernitzadori, i també, un paper clarament favorable a les classes populars

Singling out individual inventors from patent data

An increasing number of studies in recent years have sought to identify individual inventors from patent data. A variety of heuristics have been proposed for using the names and other information disclosed in patent documents to establish who is who in patents. This paper contributes to this literature by describing a methodology for identifying inventors using patents applied to the European Patent Office, EPO hereafter. As in much of this literature, we basically follow a threestep procedure : 1- the parsing stage, aimed at reducing the noise in the inventor’s name and other fields of the patent; 2- the matching stage, where name matching algorithms are used to group similar names; and 3- the filtering stage, where additional information and various scoring schemes are used to filter out these similarlynamed inventors. The paper presents the results obtained by using the algorithms with the set of European inventors applying to the EPO over a long period of time.

Trabajo y postemancipación en Haití

[spa]Este artículo analiza las estructuras sociales subyacentes a la Revolución haitiana, y cómo las aspiraciones diferentes de negros y mulatos durante la Revolución de independencia (1791-1804) se trasladaron al período postabolición. Pese a los cambios en la legislación agraria después de la independencia, el fracaso a la hora de proporcionar unas condiciones de trabajo adaptadas a las demandas de los trabajadores rurales haitianos se añadió a las dificultades y los obstáculos enfrentados por Haití en su intento por construir una nación próspera y en libertad

Patenta't els gens

Tradicionalment, bona part dels científics que treballem en institucions públiques hem pensat que la manera més eficient per avançar en ciència és permetre el lliure accés al coneixement, una idea que aquestes mateixes institucions tendeixen a fer canviar estimulant-nos a patentar les nostres troballes -i si cal també ens ajuden a crear un spin-off per rendibilitzar-les econòmicament- [...].

Automated monitoring of medical protocols: a secure and distributed architecture

The control of the right application of medical protocols is a key issue in hospital environments. For the automated monitoring of medical protocols, we need a domain-independent language for their representation and a fully, or semi, autonomous system that understands the protocols and supervises their application. In this paper we describe a specification language and a multi-agent system architecture for monitoring medical protocols. We model medical services in hospital environments as specialized domain agents and interpret a medical protocol as a negotiation process between agents. A medical service can be involved in multiple medical protocols, and so specialized domain agents are independent of negotiation processes and autonomous system agents perform monitoring tasks. We present the detailed architecture of the system agents and of an important domain agent, the database broker agent, that is responsible of obtaining relevant information about the clinical history of patients. We also describe how we tackle the problems of privacy, integrity and authentication during the process of exchanging information between agents.

Swarm Intelligent Selection and Optimization of Machining System Parameters for Microchannel Fabrication in Medical Devices

Current technology trends in medical device industry calls for fabrication of massive arrays of microfeatures such as microchannels on to nonsilicon material substrates with high accuracy, superior precision, and high throughput. Microchannels are typical features used in medical devices for medication dosing into the human body, analyzing DNA arrays or cell cultures. In this study, the capabilities of machining systems for micro-end milling have been evaluated by conducting experiments, regression modeling, and response surface methodology. In machining experiments by using micromilling, arrays of microchannels are fabricated on aluminium and titanium plates, and the feature size and accuracy (width and depth) and surface roughness are measured. Multicriteria decision making for material and process parameters selection for desired accuracy is investigated by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) method, which is an evolutionary computation method inspired by genetic algorithms (GA). Appropriate regression models are utilized within the PSO and optimum selection of micromilling parameters; microchannel feature accuracy and surface roughness are performed. An analysis for optimal micromachining parameters in decision variable space is also conducted. This study demonstrates the advantages of evolutionary computing algorithms in micromilling decision making and process optimization investigations and can be expanded to other applications