Estudio bibliométrico de la producción científica sobre aceite de oliva en MEDLINE

Se desarrolla el estudio bibliométrico de 3.147 referencias bibliográficas presentes en la base de datos Medline sobre aceite de oliva. Se muestra la evolución temporal de la producción científica, la productividad de los autores y su procedencia institucional, las revistas que acogen investigaciones sobre aceite de oliva, los aspectos más estudiados, los centros de investigación más productivos, los países productores y el idioma elegido por los investigadores para difundir su trabajo

Sistemas de detección y extracción semiautomática de siglas: estado de la cuestión

Informe de investigación realizado a partir de una estancia en el Équipe de Recherche en Syntaxe et Sémantique de la Université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, Francia, entre julio y setiembre de 2006. En la actualidad existen diversos diccionarios de siglas en línea. Entre ellos sobresalen Acronym Finder, Abbreviations.com y Acronyma; todos ellos dedicados mayoritariamente a las siglas inglesas. Al igual que los diccionarios en papel, este tipo de diccionarios presenta problemas de desactualización por la gran cantidad de siglas que se crean a diario. Por ejemplo, en 2001, un estudio de Pustejovsky et al. mostraba que en los abstracts de Medline aparecían mensualmente cerca de 12.000 nuevas siglas. El mecanismo de actualización empleado por estos recursos es la remisión de nuevas siglas por parte de los usuarios. Sin embargo, esta técnica tiene la desventaja de que la edición de la información es muy lenta y costosa. Un ejemplo de ello es el caso de Abbreviations.com que en octubre de 2006 tenía alrededor de 100.000 siglas pendientes de edición e incorporación definitiva. Como solución a este tipo de problema, se plantea el diseño de sistemas de detección y extracción automática de siglas a partir de corpus. El proceso de detección comporta dos pasos; el primero, consiste en la identificación de las siglas dentro de un corpus y, el segundo, la desambiguación, es decir, la selección de la forma desarrollada apropiada de una sigla en un contexto dado. En la actualidad, los sistemas de detección de siglas emplean métodos basados en patrones, estadística, aprendizaje máquina, o combinaciones de ellos. En este estudio se analizan los principales sistemas de detección y desambiguación de siglas y los métodos que emplean. Cada uno se evalúa desde el punto de vista del rendimiento, medido en términos de precisión (porcentaje de siglas correctas con respecto al número total de siglas extraídas por el sistema) y exhaustividad (porcentaje de siglas correctas identificadas por el sistema con respecto al número total de siglas existente en el corpus). Como resultado, se presentan los criterios para el diseño de un futuro sistema de detección de siglas en español.

La utilització dels "serious games" en el tractament dels trastorns mentals : una revisió

Aquest article de revisió analitza l'ús que s'està fent dels anomenats "serious games" en el tractament dels trastorns mentals. La recerca efectuada a les bases de dades Medline i PsycINFO han donat com a resultat la localització de 537 articles que fan referència als "serious games" i als "computer games", dels quals 71 ho fan a la seva aplicació en l'àmbit de la salut i 14 a l'àmbit mes concret dels trastorns mentals. S'han trobat estudis que contemplen tractaments per l'esquizofrènia, el Trastorn per Dèficit d'Atenció i Hiperactivitat (TDAH), el Trastorn per Estrès Posttraumàtic (TEPT), l'autisme, el retard mental i les fòbies. Hi ha resultats encoratjadors en quan a l'eficàcia dels tractaments utilitzant jocs d'ordinador, realitat virtual i realitat augmentada, si bé degut a ser un camp de recerca molt jove es necessita replicar molts estudis per tal de donar validesa científica als resultats provisionals obtinguts.

OSIRISv1.2: a named entity recognition system for sequence variants of genes in biomedical literature

Background: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, among other type of sequence variants, constitute key elements in genetic epidemiology and pharmacogenomics. While sequence data about genetic variation is found at databases such as dbSNP, clues about the functional and phenotypic consequences of the variations are generally found in biomedical literature. The identification of the relevant documents and the extraction of the information from them are hampered by the large size of literature databases and the lack of widely accepted standard notation for biomedical entities. Thus, automatic systems for the identification of citations of allelic variants of genes in biomedical texts are required. Results: Our group has previously reported the development of OSIRIS, a system aimed at the retrieval of literature about allelic variants of genes http://ibi.imim.es/osirisform.html. Here we describe the development of a new version of OSIRIS (OSIRISv1.2, http://ibi.imim.es/OSIRISv1.2.html webcite) which incorporates a new entity recognition module and is built on top of a local mirror of the MEDLINE collection and HgenetInfoDB: a database that collects data on human gene sequence variations. The new entity recognition module is based on a pattern-based search algorithm for the identification of variation terms in the texts and their mapping to dbSNP identifiers. The performance of OSIRISv1.2 was evaluated on a manually annotated corpus, resulting in 99% precision, 82% recall, and an F-score of 0.89. As an example, the application of the system for collecting literature citations for the allelic variants of genes related to the diseases intracranial aneurysm and breast cancer is presented. Conclusion: OSIRISv1.2 can be used to link literature references to dbSNP database entries with high accuracy, and therefore is suitable for collecting current knowledge on gene sequence variations and supporting the functional annotation of variation databases. The application of OSIRISv1.2 in combination with controlled vocabularies like MeSH provides a way to identify associations of biomedical interest, such as those that relate SNPs with diseases.

Outcomes from studies of Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody Associated Vasculitis: a systematic review by the European League Against Rheumatism systemic vasculitis task force.

Objectives: We undertook a systematic literature review as a background to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for conducting clinical trials in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody associated vasculitis (AAV), and to assess the quality of evidence for outcome measures in AAV. Methods: Using a systematic Medline search, we categorised the identified studies according to diagnoses. Factors affecting remission, relapse, renal function and overall survival were identified. Results: A total of 44 papers were reviewed from 502 identified by our search criteria. There was considerable inconsistency in definitions of end points. Remission rates varied from 30% to 93% in Wegener granulomatosis (WG), 75% to 89% in microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and 81% to 91% in Churg¿Strauss syndrome (CSS). The 5-year survival for WG, MPA and CSS was 74¿91%, 45¿76% and 60¿97%. Relapse (variably defined) was common in the first 2 years but the frequency varied: 18% to 60% in WG, 8% in MPA, and 35% in CSS. The rate of renal survival in WG varied from 23% at 15 months to 23% at 120 months. Methods used to assess morbidity varied between studies. Ignoring the variations in definitions of the stage of disease, factors influencing remission, relapse, renal and overall survival included immunosuppressive therapy used, type of organ involvement, presence of ANCA, older age and male ender. Conclusions: Factors influencing remission, relapse, renal and overall survival include the type of immunosuppressive therapy used, pattern of organ involvement, presence of ANCA, older age and male gender. Methodological variations between studies highlight the need for a consensus on terminology and definitions for future conduct of clinical studies in AAV.

Evaluación de la sonrisa

La estética y la belleza facial son valores cuya importancia se ha extendido a todo tipo de campos culturales y científicos, entre 'ellos, la odontología. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar los factores que se han relacionado con la estética de la sonrisa y mostrar cual de sus características se relaciona con la estética. Se han revisado los artículos publicados en los últimos 10 años en lengua inglesa, francesa y española, registrados en Medline. Los autores coinciden en afirmar que la estética está relacionada con los siguientes factores: - Las proporciones divinas en las medidas de los dientes. - La línea de sonrisa debe ser una curva paralela al labio inferior. - El labio superior debe llegar al margen gingival de los incisivos centrales superiores y subir hacia las comisuras, es la línea labial. - La línea gingival debe ser paralela a la de la sonrisa, el espacio negro ha de ser visible y han de coincidir las líneas medias facial y dental superior.

Gender inequalities in occupational health related to the unequal distribution of working and employment conditions: a systematic review

Gender inequalities exist in work life, but little is known about their presence in relation to factors examined in occupation health settings. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the working and employment conditions described as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health in studies related to occupational health published between 1999 and 2010. A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts, LILACS, EconLit and CINAHL between 1999 and 2010. Epidemiologic studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion criteria to the title, abstract, and complete text. The quality of the studies was also assessed. Selected studies were qualitatively analysed, resulting in a compilation of all differences between women and men in the prevalence of exposure to working and employment conditions and work-related health problems as outcomes. Most of the 30 studies included were conducted in Europe (n=19) and had a cross-sectional design (n=24). The most common topic analysed was related to the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards (n=8). Employed women had more job insecurity, lower control, worse contractual working conditions and poorer self-perceived physical and mental health than men did. Conversely, employed men had a higher degree of physically demanding work, lower support, higher levels of effort-reward imbalance, higher job status, were more exposed to noise and worked longer hours than women did. This systematic review has identified a set of working and employment conditions as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health from the occupational health literature. These results may be useful to policy makers seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health, and to researchers wishing to analyse these determinants in greater depth.

Revisió sobre l’eficàcia de les intervencions dirigides a cuidadors informals de malalts amb demència per a reduir els nivells de morbiditat psicològica

Revisió sobre l’eficàcia de les intervencions dirigides a cuidadorsinformals de malalts amb demència per a reduir els nivells de morbiditatpsicològicaAntecedentsL’envelliment de la població està relacionat amb l’augment de la prevalença dedemències tals com la malaltia d’Alzheimer. El caràcter progressiu, incapacitanti irreversible de la malaltia d’Alzheimer comporta dependència i demanda,obligant l’aparició d’un cuidador informal per cobrir les necessitats del malalt.Amb l’evolució de la malaltia, augmenta l’exigència de les cures i el cuidador esveu en risc de patir alteracions a qualsevol nivell, principalment a nivellpsicològic.Objectius1. Avaluar l’efectivitat de les intervencions dirigides a cuidadors informals depersones amb demència per a reduir la morbiditat psicològica, segons latipologia de les intervencions i els seus components.2. Avaluar l’efectivitat de les intervencions dirigides a cuidadors informals depersones amb demència per a reduir la morbiditat psicològica, segons lescaracterístiques sociodemogràfiques del cuidador i la persona que rep lescures, el tipus de càrrega i els instruments de mesura.Material i mètodesEs va realitzar una revisió bibliogràfica en les bases de dades: MEDLINEPubMed, CSIC-IME, CUIDEN i Biblioteca Cochrane Plus sobre lesintervencions dirigides a cuidadors informals de demència o Alzheimerd’estudis publicats entre el gener de 2002 i febrer de 2013. Els criteris d’inclusióvan ser: cuidadors informals que convisquessin amb la persona a qui donen lescures i sense remuneració econòmica, persones amb demència o Alzheimer noinstitucionalitzades, intervencions comparades entre un grup experimental i ungrup control, prioritat per revisions sistemàtiques i metanàlisis. La mostra finalla van composar 7 estudis.ResultatsLes diferents intervencions analitzades van mostrar dades estadísticamentsignificatives tot i produir efectes discrets en les diferents variables demorbiditat psicològica. Les intervencions psicoeducatives i les intervencionsdirigides als pacients van resultar efectives en la millora de la sensació debenestar i la simptomatologia del malalt. Les intervencions psicològiques vanincidir en la sobrecàrrega i la depressió. Les intervencions de suport vanproduir un augment dels coneixements, habilitats i de la xarxa social delcuidador. El dia de descans va disminuir l’estrès, l’ansietat i la càrrega objectivaperò els efectes van ser a curt termini. Les intervencions múltiplesestructurades van mostrar una disminució del risc d’institucionalització. Lesintervencions centrades en la resolució de problemes, superiors a 6 sessions oaquelles que havien realitzat seguiment, van mostrar efectes a llarg termini finsals 12 mesos. Altres intervencions pràctiques com les realitzades al domicili oamb tecnologia, no van mostrar suficient evidència científica. El sexe i l’edat delcuidador així com la relació de parentesc amb el malalt van mostrar diferènciesen els efectes de les intervencions.ConclusionsLes intervencions s’han de planificar en funció de les necessitats del cuidadorja que no hi ha cap intervenció que incideixi en totes les variables de morbiditatpsicològica. La variabilitat de tipologia i composició de les intervencions, lesdiferències sociodemogràfiques del cuidador i la persona que rep les cures i lescaracterístiques dels estudis influeixen en l’heterogeneïtat de resultats de larevisió. Aquests fets limiten la contundència de resultats pel que cal seguirinvestigant

Uso de la hipotermia en el síndrome posparada cardíaca

Antecedentes: La parada cardiorrespiratoria es uno de los principalesproblemas sanitarios en los países desarrollados, además de por la mortalidadproducida, por las importantes repercusiones neurológicas posteriores quepresentan las personas que sobreviven. Hasta un 64% de los supervivientespuede presentar secuelas de gravedad, y tan solo un 1,4% queda exento dealgún tipo de alteración neurológica. Distintos ensayos clínicos, muestran quela hipotermia inducida ligera, es decir, el descenso controlado de latemperatura corporal mejora la supervivencia y los daños neurológicos en lospacientes adultos inconscientes tras una resucitación cardiopulmonar. Sinembargo, no está del todo claro cuáles son los pacientes más indicados pararecibir la terapia, la técnica de inducción ideal, la temperatura objetivo, suduración y la tasa idónea de recalentamiento.Objetivos: El objetivo del estudio es conocer la técnica de hipotermiaterapéutica como cuidado posresucitación tras sufrir una parada cardíaca.Metodología: Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica a través de lassiguientes bases de datos: CSIC, Medline PubMed, CINAHL, BibliotecaCochrane, Cuiden Plus, Dialnet, Scopus y ScienceDirect. Finalmente, seaceptaron 8 artículos que pertenecían a los criterios de inclusión: revisionessistemáticas, ensayos clínicos, revisiones bibliográficas y documentos deconsenso tras consejo de expertos, en español o inglés, publicados desde elaño 2005 hasta el año 2013 cuyos sujetos de estudio son adultos.Resultados: en la actualidad, se recomienda que los pacientes adultosinconscientes, con recuperación de la circulación espontánea tras una paradacardíaca extrahospitalaria, deben ser enfriados a 32-34ºC durante un periodode 12-24 horas cuando el ritmo inicial sea fibrilación ventricular. Se establecen4 periodos de tratamiento: inducción (desde el ingreso en la unidad hasta quese alcanzan los 33ºC), mantenimiento (desde el logro de los 33ºC hasta 24horas después), recalentamiento (12 horas de incremento de la temperatura,hasta alcanzar los 37ºC) y estabilización térmica (12 horas posteriores aalcanzar los 37ºC). Los métodos de inducción y mantenimiento de la hipotermiason diversos y se establecen dos grupos: técnicas invasivas y no invasivas.Palabras clave: hipotermia inducida, parada cardíaca, técnicas enfriamiento

Effectiveness of psychotropic medications in the maintenance phase of bipolar disorder:a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the efficacy of maintenance treatments for bipolar disorder. Placebo-controlled or active comparator bipolar maintenance clinical trials of ≥6 months' duration with at least 15 patients/treatment group were identified using Medline, EMBASE, clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane databases (1993 to July 2010). The main outcome measure was relative risk for relapse for patients in remission. Twenty trials (5,364 patients) were identified. Overall, lithium and quetiapine were the most studied agents (eight and five trials, respectively). The majority of studies included patients who had previously responded to treatment for an acute episode. All interventions, with the exception of perphenazine+mood stabilizer, showed a relative risk for manic/mixed or depressive relapse below 1.0, although there was variation in the statistical significance of the findings vs. placebo. No monotherapy was associated with a significantly reduced risk for both manic/mixed and depressed relapse. Of the combination treatments, only quetiapine+lithium/divalproex, was associated with a significantly reduced risk vs. comparator (placebo+lithium/valproate) for relapse at both the manic/mixed and depressed poles of bipolar illness. Limitations for the analysis include differences in study durations and definitions of relapse. In conclusion, available maintenance therapies show considerable variation in efficacy. The efficacy of lithium and divalproex has been confirmed, but newer therapies, such as a number of atypical antipsychotics were also shown to be effective in bipolar disorder. Efficacy of all maintenance interventions needs to be balanced against the safety and tolerability profiles of individual agents.

Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The current article is a systematic review concerning the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole in the treatment of bipolar disorder. METHODS: A systematic Medline and repositories search concerning the usefulness of aripiprazole in bipolar disorder was performed, with the combination of the words 'aripiprazole' and 'bipolar'. RESULTS: The search returned 184 articles and was last updated on 15 April 2009. An additional search included repositories of clinical trials and previous systematic reviews specifically in order to trace unpublished trials. There were seven placebo-controlled randomised controlled trials (RCTs), six with comparator studies and one with add-on studies. They assessed the usefulness of aripiprazole in acute mania, acute bipolar depression and during the maintenance phase in comparison to placebo, lithium or haloperidol. CONCLUSION: Aripiprazole appears effective for the treatment and prophylaxis against mania. The data on bipolar depression are so far negative, however there is a need for further study at lower dosages. The most frequent adverse effects are extrapyramidal signs and symptoms, especially akathisia, without any significant weight gain, hyperprolactinaemia or laboratory test changes.

Effectiveness of pharmacist care in the improvement of adherence to antidepressants: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Pharmacists can play a decisive role in the management of ambulatory patients with depression who have poor adherence to antidepressant drugs. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacist care in improving adherence of depressed outpatients to antidepressants. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted. RCTs were identified through electronic databases (MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge, and Spanish National Research Council) from inception to April 2010, reference lists were checked, and experts were consulted. RCTs that evaluated the impact of pharmacist interventions on improving adherence to antidepressants in depressed patients in an outpatient setting (community pharmacy or pharmacy service) were included. Methodologic quality was assessed and methodologic details and outcomes were extracted in duplicate. RESULTS: Six RCTs were identified. A total of 887 patients with an established diagnosis of depression who were initiating or maintaining pharmacologic treatment with antidepressant drugs and who received pharmacist care (459 patients) or usual care (428 patients) were included in the review. The most commonly reported interventions were patient education and monitoring, monitoring and management of toxicity and adverse effects, adherence promotion, provision of written or visual information, and recommendation or implementation of changes or adjustments in medication. Overall, no statistical heterogeneity or publication bias was detected. The pooled odds ratio, using a random effects model, was 1.64 (95% CI 1.24 to 2.17). Subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant differences in results by type of pharmacist involved, adherence measure, diagnostic tool, or analysis strategy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pharmacist intervention is effective in the improvement of patient adherence to antidepressants. However, data are still limited and we would recommend more research in this area, specifically outside of the US.

Prevalencia, impacto y tratamiento psicológico grupal de los trastornos de ansiedad : una revisión en el ámbito de la atención primaria

Este trabajo recopila y discute información publicada sobre el estado actual de la prevalencia, impacto y abordaje grupal de los trastornos de ansiedad. El objetivo es estar actualizado sobre los últimos conocimientos y tendencias en la materia y promover la investigación de un modelo integrado de atención entre los profesionales de la Atención Primaria y los servicios especializados. Se ha realizado una búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PSYCHOINFO y MEDLINE, dónde se encuentran las revistas que normalmente publican artículos sobre dicha especialidad y se ha realizado una discusión sobre los mismos con especialistas que trabajan en los servicios de la Salud Pública. Los datos que conocemos referentes al elevado impacto social y económico revelan la necesidad de un abordaje integral de los trastornos de ansiedad desde el punto de vista médico y psicológico como una de las principales prioridades para la Salud Mental. Se considera el formato de intervención grupal como una alternativa terapéutica eficaz y eficiente para la mayoría de diagnósticos, incluidos los trastornos de ansiedad. La valoración integrada de los síntomas y su detección precoz son fundamentales como herramienta de prevención de la Salud y de futuras demandas por trastornos más graves a los servicios especializados.

Staging Bipolar Disorder.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the evidence supporting a staging model for bipolar disorder. The authors conducted an extensive Medline and Pubmed search of the published literature using a variety of search terms (staging, bipolar disorder, early intervention) to find relevant articles, which were reviewed in detail. Only recently specific proposals have been made to apply clinical staging to bipolar disorder. The staging model in bipolar disorder suggests a progression from prodromal (at-risk) to more severe and refractory presentations (Stage IV). A staging model implies a longitudinal appraisal of different aspects: clinical variables, such as number of episodes and subsyndromal symptoms, functional and cognitive impairment, comorbidity, biomarkers, and neuroanatomical changes. Staging models are based on the fact that response to treatment is generally better when it is introduced early in the course of the illness. It assumes that earlier stages have better prognosis and require simpler therapeutic regimens. Staging may assist in bipolar disorder treatment planning and prognosis, and emphasize the importance of early intervention. Further research is required in this exciting and novel area.

Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Despite the widespread use of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs), their role in diagnosing tuberculosis and targeting preventive therapy in HIV-infected patients remains unclear. We conducted a comprehensive systematic review to contribute to the evidence-based practice in HIV-infected people. Methodology/Principal Findings: We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Biomedicine databases to identify articles published between January 2005 and July 2011 that assessed QuantiFERON H -TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) and T-SPOT H .TB (T-SPOT.TB) in HIV-infected adults. We assessed their accuracy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and incident active tuberculosis, and the proportion of indeterminate results. The search identified 38 evaluable studies covering a total of 6514 HIV-infected participants. The pooled sensitivity and specificity for tuberculosis were 61% and 72% for QFT-GIT, and 65% and 70% for T-SPOT.TB. The cumulative incidence of subsequent active tuberculosis was 8.3% for QFT-GIT and 10% for T-SPOT.TB in patients tested positive (one study each), and 0% for QFT-GIT (two studies) and T-SPOT.TB (one study) respectively in those tested negative. Pooled indeterminate rates were 8.2% for QFT-GIT and 5.9% for T-SPOT.TB. Rates were higher in high burden settings (12.0% for QFT-GIT and 7.7% for T-SPOT.TB) than in low-intermediate burden settings (3.9% for QFT-GIT and 4.3% for T-SPOT.TB). They were also higher in patients with CD4 + T-cell count, 200 (11.6% for QFT-GIT and 11.4% for T-SPOT.TB) than in those with CD4 + T-cell count $ 200 (3.1% for QFT-GIT and 7.9% for T-SPOT.TB). Conclusions/Significance: IGRAs have suboptimal accuracy for confirming or ruling out active tuberculosis disease in HIV-infected adults. While their predictive value for incident active tuberculosis is modest, a negative QFT-GIT implies a very low short- to medium-term risk. Identifying the factors associated with indeterminate results will help to optimize the use of IGRAs in clinical practice, particularly in resource-limited countries with a high prevalence of HIV-coinfection.