L’émergence d’élite(s) programmatique(s) face à la mutation de l’État français

William Genieys en s’appuyant sur l’étude des transformations récentes des sommets de l’État français attestant la fin de l’ère des technocrates, l’auteur prétend saisir la nouvelle réalité élitaire française en déplaçant la focale d’analyse sur ce qui se passe derrière les autorités formelles du pouvoir (Président, et Ministres). Au fil d’une enquête sociologique menée au cœur du processus de prise de décision centrée sur le rôle des hauts fonctionnaires et membres des cabinets ministériels on est à même de comprendre qui définit le contenu des nouveaux programmes de politiques publiques. C’est en observant finement les interactions et les luttes qui opposent des groupes d’élites des secteurs de la défense et de la protection sociale à l’action des élites financières de Bercy que l’auteur avance la thèse de l’émergence d’une élite des politiques. Fortement mobilisés autour de leur vision des politiques sectorielles, ils agissent pour sauvegarder le modèle de la sécurité sociale ou encore la défense à la française. Au contre-courant des thèses dominantes sur la «fin des États» dans le cadre de la mondialisation de l’Economie et de la construction européenne, cette élite des politiques est en passe de redonner l’avantage institutionnel à l’État.

Cau Oliveros, Miguel Angel: Cerámica tardorromana de cocina de las Islas Baleares, estudio arqueométrico, BAR International Series 1182, 2003.

La sensació que un té quan acaba de llegir el llibre Cerámica tardorromana de cocina de las Islas Baleares. Estudio arqueométrico, de Miguel Angel Cau Ontiveros, és la d'haver llegit diversos libres en un de sol. No sé si hi ha intencionalitat en aquest fet o simplement és fruit d'una preocupa ció més amplia que l'estrictament proposada pel títol de l'obra. Per una part, el propi estudi arqueometric, on les referencies arqueologiques es prenen d'estudis previs fets per altres autors, a excepció deljaciment de Sa Mesquida (Calvia, Mallorca), amb una finalitat clarament historica, la caracterització d'una serie de ceramiques, totes atribuIble s a l'ambit de la cuina en una epoca concreta, per tal de poder determinar basicament el grau d'autosuficiencia d'uns espais insulars.

Assessment of emotional reactivity produced by exposure to virtual environments in patients with eating disorders

The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of virtual environments representing situations that are emotionally significant to subjects with eating disorders (ED). These environments may be applied with both evaluative and therapeutic aims and in simulation procedures to carry out a range of experimental studies. This paper is part of a wider research project analyzing the influence of the situation to which subjects are exposed on their performance on body image estimation tasks. Thirty female patients with eating disorders were exposed to six virtual environments: a living-room (neutral situation), a kitchen with highcalorie food, a kitchen with low-calorie food, a restaurant with high-calorie food, a restaurant with low-calorie food, and a swimming-pool. After exposure to each environment the STAI-S (a measurement of state anxiety) and the CDB (a measurement of depression) were administered to all subjects. The results show that virtual reality instruments are particularly useful for simulating everyday situations that may provoke emotional reactions such as anxiety and depression, in patients with ED. Virtual environments in which subjects are obliged to ingest high-calorie food provoke the highest levels of state anxiety and depression.

AV38 - Cuadros morfológicos

Aplicación de las matrices morfológicas como metodología de rediseño industrial

Body Image in Eating Disorders: The Influence of Exposure to Virtual-Reality Environments.

The aim of this article was to study the effect of virtual-reality exposure to situations that are emotionally significant for patients with eating disorders (ED) on the stability of body-image distortion and body-image dissatisfaction. A total of 85 ED patients and 108 non-ED students were randomly exposed to four experimental virtual environments: a kitchen with low-calorie food, a kitchen with high-calorie food, a restaurant with low-calorie food, and a restaurant with high-calorie food. In the interval between the presentation of each situation, body-image distortion and body-image dissatisfaction were assessed. Several 2 x 2 x 2 repeated measures analyses of variance (high-calorie vs. low-calorie food x presence vs. absence of people x ED group vs. control group) showed that ED participants had significantly higher levels of body-image distortion and body dissatisfaction after eating high-calorie food than after eating low-calorie food, while control participants reported a similar body image in all situations. The results suggest that body-image distortion and body-image dissatisfaction show both trait and state features. On the one hand, ED patients show a general predisposition to overestimate their body size and to feel more dissatisfied with their body image than controls. On the other hand, these body-image disturbances fluctuate when participants are exposed to virtual situations that are emotionally relevant for them.

Clinical validation of a virtual environment for normalizing eating patterns in eating disorders

The purpose of the present study was to examine the clinical validation of a Virtual Reality Environment (VRE) designed to normalize eating patterns in Eating Disorders (ED). The efficacy of VR in eliciting emotions, sense of presence and reality of the VRE were explored in 22 ED patients and 37 healthy eating individuals. The VRE (non-immersive) consisted of a kitchen room where participants had to eat a virtual pizza. In order to assess the sense of presence and reality produced by the VRE, participants answered seven questions with a Likert scale (0-10) during the experience, and then filled out the Reality Judgment and Presence Questionnaire (RJPQ) and ITC-Sense of Presence Inventory (ITC-SOPI). The results showed that the VRE induced a sense of presence and was felt as real for both groups, without differences in the experience of 'ease' with the VRE, sense of physical space, or the ecological validity assigned to the virtual kitchen and eating virtually. However, the ED patients reported paying more attention and experiencing greater emotional involvement and dysphoria after virtual eating. The results suggest that the VRE was clinically meaningful to the ED patients and might be a relevant therapy tool for normalizing their eating patterns.

Revisión crono-tipológica de un grupo de cerámicas africanas de cocina: la forma Ostia I, 272 - Atlante CVII, 11-12

El hallazgo de diversos ejemplares completos en la villa romana de Els Antigons (Reus, Tarragona) de las formas Ostia I, 272 y Atlante CVII, 11-12 de la cerámica africana de cocina nos permite plantearnos la unificación tipológica de las mismas, así como la revisión de su cronología (segunda mitad del siglo II a mediados del III dC) y su relación con la forma Raqqada 1973, LIII, D1. Asimismo, se documenta su difusión en la costa mediterránea de la Hispania Citerior.