Las relaciones de las teorías de Jung y el trabajo de Grotowski con sus actores

La finalidad del trabajo es demostrar que los objetivos que Grotowski pretendió en su trabajo con los actores en su primera época, ligada al teatro laboratorium, pueden ser contemplados desde el mapa conceptual de la psicología profunda o analítica creada por C.G. Jung. Este acercamiento, permite reimaginar este “proceso de autopenetración” que el creador polaco buscaba con sus actores desde esta visión psicológica concreta. Cabe afirmar, por tanto, que este trabajo actoral iba más allá de la dimensión escénica y era un método “terapéutico” de desarrollo de la personalidad del individuo-actor en su camino de transformación para llegar a ser lo que Grotowski denominó “actor santo”.

Barnbyn Skå (Skå, la vila dels infants) 1947-1972: L’experiència terapèutica de Gustav Jonsson amb infants «irrecuperables»

The article presents the trajectory of the Swedish psychiatrist Gustav Jonsson (1907-1994) who, in the 1940s, revolutionised the therapeutic and educational treatment of children and young people, considered irreclaimable from the social point of view, who were committed to educational institutions. It analyses the social development of the Welfare State in Sweden, the legal framework of child protection, as well as the context of Swedish residential care centres for children and young people in the first half of the 20th century in order to go further into the psychological and educational work conducted with the Barnbyn Skå group. Jonsson redirected the analysis of violent behaviours that were manifest in these children and young people which made them intractable from the educational point of view and established elements of psychoanalytical understanding, based on a systemic approach in which the family context became essential in order to understand the children’s difficulties. Barnbyn Skå was the centre which, under the guidance of Jonsson, developed this new therapeutic and pedagogic approach. The educational work carried out there exceeded the traditional model in terms of control and surveillance. The methods were considered radical from within pedagogy and caused great controversy which led the centre to continuous investigations on behalf of the Social Services of Stockholm between 1960 and 1970. For several decades Barnbyn Skå has been considered a pioneering experience in the field of Scandinavian child psychiatry.