22 resultados para Hospitals, Maternity

em Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (CSUC), Spain


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Background: As a result of the growing number of interventions that are now performed in the context of maternity care, health authorities have begun to examine the possible repercussions for service provision and for maternal and neonatal health. In Spain the Strategy Paper on Normal Childbirth was published in 2008, and since then the authorities in Catalonia have sought to implement its recommendations. This paper reviews the current provision of maternity care in Catalonia. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Hospitals were grouped according to their source of funding (public or private) and were stratified (across four strata) on the basis of the annual number of births recorded within their respective maternity service. Data regarding the distribution of obstetric professionals were taken from an official government survey of hospitals published in 2010. The data on obstetric interventions (caesarean, use of forceps, vacuum or non-specified instruments) performed in 2007, 2010 and 2012 were obtained by consulting discharge records of 44 public and 20 private hospitals, which together provide care in 98% of all births in Catalonia. Proportions and confidence intervals were calculated for each intervention performed in all full-term (3742 weeks) singleton births. Results: Analysis of staff profiles according to the stratification of hospitals showed that almost all the hospitals had more obstetricians than midwives among their maternity care staff. Public hospitals performed fewer caesareans [range between 19.20% (CI 18.84-19.55) and 28.14% (CI 27.73-28.54)] than did private hospitals [range between 32.21% (CI 31.78-32.63) and 39.43% (CI 38.98-39.87)]. The use of forceps has decreased in public hospitals. The use of a vacuum extractor has increased and is more common in private hospitals. Conclusions: Caesarean section is the most common obstetric intervention performed during full-term singleton births in Catalonia. The observed trend is stable in the group of public hospitals, but shows signs of a rise among private institutions. The number of caesareans performed in accredited public hospitals covers a limited range with a stable trend. Among public hospitals the highest rate of caesareans is found in non-accredited hospitals with a lower annual number of births.

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Background: As a result of the growing number of interventions that are now performed in the context of maternity care, health authorities have begun to examine the possible repercussions for service provision and for maternal and neonatal health. In Spain the Strategy Paper on Normal Childbirth was published in 2008, and since then the authorities in Catalonia have sought to implement its recommendations. This paper reviews the current provision of maternity care in Catalonia. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Hospitals were grouped according to their source of funding (public or private) and were stratified (across four strata) on the basis of the annual number of births recorded within their respective maternity service. Data regarding the distribution of obstetric professionals were taken from an official government survey of hospitals published in 2010. The data on obstetric interventions (caesarean, use of forceps, vacuum or non-specified instruments) performed in 2007, 2010 and 2012 were obtained by consulting discharge records of 44 public and 20 private hospitals, which together provide care in 98% of all births in Catalonia. Proportions and confidence intervals were calculated for each intervention performed in all full-term (3742 weeks) singleton births. Results: Analysis of staff profiles according to the stratification of hospitals showed that almost all the hospitals had more obstetricians than midwives among their maternity care staff. Public hospitals performed fewer caesareans [range between 19.20% (CI 18.84-19.55) and 28.14% (CI 27.73-28.54)] than did private hospitals [range between 32.21% (CI 31.78-32.63) and 39.43% (CI 38.98-39.87)]. The use of forceps has decreased in public hospitals. The use of a vacuum extractor has increased and is more common in private hospitals. Conclusions: Caesarean section is the most common obstetric intervention performed during full-term singleton births in Catalonia. The observed trend is stable in the group of public hospitals, but shows signs of a rise among private institutions. The number of caesareans performed in accredited public hospitals covers a limited range with a stable trend. Among public hospitals the highest rate of caesareans is found in non-accredited hospitals with a lower annual number of births.

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Aquest projecte pretén mostrar les diferents tasques que composen la implantació de la solució assistencial de SAP, anomenada SAP ISH i SAP ISH-Med, en els processos concrets d’Urgències i Hospitalització d’un hospital, tenint en compte que es troben englobats dins de la implantació de la solució per a tots els processos assistencials del centre. Centrants en un hospital de les dimensions i volum d’activitat similar als Hospitals de Bellvitge o de la Vall d’Hebron, es mostren les diferents fases d’anàlisi, disseny i desenvolupament que condueixen el projecte fins a la data límit de posada en marxa del nou sistema.

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L'objectiu d'aquest article és detectar el nivell d'ús de les xarxes socials que fan els hospitals d'Estats Units per a promocionar l'activitat física saludable i quin tipus d'informació és la dominant en el conjunt de les xarxes socials. Per a tal finalitat es procedí a realitzar un estudi quantitatiu on es revisaren la totalitat de comunicacions enviades i acumulades a les xarxes Facebook, Twitter i YouTube en un termini de tres anys per part d'un grup de 14 Hospitals dels Estats Units.

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Estudi que cerca esbrinar quina es la incidència que tenen les xarxes socials de comunicació per Internet en la promoció de l'exercici físic per a millorar la salut analitzant l'ús que en fan els hospitals escollits de les diferents xarxes Facebook, Twitter, canal Youtube i web.

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En la present investigació s'analitzen catorze hospitals ubicats als Estats Units, amb l'objectiu d'analitzar l'ús de les xarxes socials, centrant-nos en la promoció que en realitzen de l'activitat física, a partir de les diferents xarxes socials.

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En el present estudi s'ha analitzat, de quina manera els millors hospitals dels EEUU, fan servir els mitjans de comunicació social per promocionar un tipus de vida saludable, en concret, una dieta saludable. Els mitjans més utilitzats són la pàgina web, YouTube, Facebook, Twiter i els blogs, i l'ús que se'n fa d'aquests mitjans va des de la promoció de dietes saludables, fins a consells nutricionals en general o en casos de malalties o embaràs.

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Internet i les xarxes socials online s'estan mostrant com a útils en la promoció de la salut i en la difusió d'hàbits saludables. L'objectiu del treball és observar el grau d'utilització que es fa de les xarxes socials online per a la promoció d'hàbits d'alimentació saludable. S'ha dissenyat un estudi observacional descriptiu transversal amb una mostra de 14 hospitals dels Estats Units. A l'estudi s'ha trobat una bona freqüència d'utilització dels canals que ofereix la xarxa però una baixa freqüència per fer promoció d'hàbits saludables en alimentació.

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Revisió de l'ús que fan els centres hospitalaris americans dels recursos que ofereix Internet, amb l'objectiu de promoure l'alimentació saludable entre la població.

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In this paper we analyse the observed systematic differences incosts for teaching hospitals (THhenceforth) in Spain. Concernhas been voiced regarding the existence of a bias in thefinancing of TH s has been raised once prospective budgets arein the arena for hospital finance, and claims for adjusting totake into account the legitimate extra costs of teaching onhospital expenditure are well grounded. We focus on theestimation of the impact of teaching status on average cost. Weused a version of a multiproduct hospital cost function takinginto account some relevant factors from which to derive theobserved differences. We assume that the relationship betweenthe explanatory and the dependent variables follows a flexibleform for each of the explanatory variables. We also model theunderlying covariance structure of the data. We assumed twoqualitatively different sources of variation: random effects andserial correlation. Random variation refers to both general levelvariation (through the random intercept) and the variationspecifically related to teaching status. We postulate that theimpact of the random effects is predominant over the impact ofthe serial correlation effects. The model is estimated byrestricted maximum likelihood. Our results show that costs are 9%higher (15% in the case of median costs) in teaching than innon-teaching hospitals. That is, teaching status legitimatelyexplains no more than half of the observed difference in actualcosts. The impact on costs of the teaching factor depends on thenumber of residents, with an increase of 51.11% per resident forhospitals with fewer than 204 residents (third quartile of thenumber of residents) and 41.84% for hospitals with more than 204residents. In addition, the estimated dispersion is higher amongteaching hospitals. As a result, due to the considerable observedheterogeneity, results should be interpreted with caution. From apolicy making point of view, we conclude that since a higherrelative burden for medical training is under public hospitalcommand, an explicit adjustment to the extra costs that theteaching factor imposes on hospital finance is needed, beforehospital competition for inpatient services takes place.

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Estat de la qüestió sobre l'ús de les tecnologies de la informació als hospitals pediàtrics per tal d'educar en el lleure i pal·liar l'aïllament d'infants i adolescents i les seves famílies durant l'estada a l'hospital. A partir del grau d'implantació de les tecnologies, s'ha fet una anàlisi de diverses experiències d'arreu del món. S'han identificat dos models diferents pel que fa als objectius: els que centren la seva atenció en aspectes curriculars i els que potencien aspectes lúdics. Ambdós compten amb la implicació del personal sanitari vinculat als pacients i amb la figura del voluntari per a gestionar aquests serveis. Les principals diferències entre els projectes estudiats són les fonts de finançament, la tipologia de serveis que ofereixen i la naturalesa de les entitas que els promociona.

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Les "Pautas para bibliotecas al servicio de pacientes de hospital, ancianos y discapacitados en centros de atención de larga duración" elaborades per l'IFLA són el marc normatiu de les biblioteques per a pacients. La seva existència, però, no garanteix el seu compliment; és per això que trobem realitats ben diverses, des dels hospitals que les reinterpreten i adeqüen a les seves necessitats i mitjans fins als que les ignoren o les desconeixen. En aquesta comunicació farem un recorregut per diverses alternatives o interpretacions als espais hospitalaris dedicats tant a l'oci com a la informació dels pacients en un context internacional. Es conclou que la biblioteca per a pacients és un servei en si mateix i es reivindica com un servei més al qual el malalt té dret.

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The aim was to examine the effect of maternal age, gravidity, marital status, previous perinatal deaths, and parental social class on babies born low birthweight, preterm, and small for gestational age. DESIGN--The study used data on discharge summaries from all maternity hospitals in Scotland. SETTING--The study was based on all singleton deliveries in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS--The analysis involved information on 259,462 singleton babies born during the four years 1981-84 in Scotland. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--Previous perinatal death was found to be the strongest predictor for both preterm and low birthweight. Single mothers were at particularly high risk of having a small for gestational age baby and those who were previously married of having a preterm baby. Women aged less than 20 years old, those over 34 years old, nulligravidae, and those of parity 3 or more were also at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Mothers and fathers in manual social classes and those who could not be assigned a social class on the basis of their occupation were at increased risk for all three adverse outcomes studied. The babies of parents who were in manual occupations were twice as likely as those of parents in non-manual occupations to be small for gestational age and almost twice as likely to be low birthweight. CONCLUSIONS--Mother's social class is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcome independent of maternal age, parity, and adverse reproductive history, and also independent of father's social class. Information on both parents' occupations should be collected in maternity discharge systems.

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Through scientific discourse and reproductive technologies, the reproductive body and the maternal body continue to be constructed as ‘natural’. At the same time,these technologies have begun to blur the boundaries between what is consideredan acceptable reproductive body, and consequently an acceptable maternal body,and an unnatural or a socially undesireable one. As science purports to offerwomen greater control over how and when they choose to procreate, through methods which range between delaying or eliminating the possibility of contraception to those which extend the possibility of conception to postmenopausal or infertile women, these same procedures raise questions about thenature and ‘naturalness’ of reproduction. Added to these concerns are thesuitablility of the reproductive body as a maternal body. Consequently, and moreand more frequently, bodies which defy ideals about maternity and motherhoodemerge, and questions about what it means to mother are raised. Bodies whichcontest the construction of motherhood as natural are frequently represented asmonstrous or freakish, and the debate between science and nature is heightened.Hiromi Goto’s short story ‘Hopeful Monsters’ resists the construction of the‘natural’ maternal body by highlighting the way in which women’s bodies areshaped by scientific discourse. In turn, images of ‘monstrous’ mothers emerge andare challenged, suggesting the need to reimagine what it means to mother and whatit means to be a mother. Through reading a selection of the stories this paper willinterrogate possible alternatives to constructions of the ‘natural’ maternal body and motherhood, suggesting that the Goto’s ‘monsters’ are perhaps only monstrous as a result of scientific discourse which constructs them as such.

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Es tracta d’una obra fruit d’un conveni de col·laboració signat l’any 2004 entre la URV, l’ICAC i Repsol YPF, i resultat d’un projecte de recerca de l’ICAC inclòs en la línia de recerca Arqueologia del paisatge, poblament i territori, que ha comptat amb el cofinançament de Repsol YPF i la col·laboració de Codex. Aquesta obra se centra en les excavacions arqueològiques efectuades en una vil·la romana situada entre la via Tarraco-Ilerda i la llera del riu Francolí, a l’actual terme municipal del Morell. És un assentament datat entre els segles II aC i V dC que reflecteix els patrons d’ocupació romana a l’àrea central de l’ager Tarraconensis i complementa, a partir d’una exhaustiva anàlisi, les dades històriques que, fins a l’actualitat, oferien les vil·les de Centcelles a Constantí o de Paret Delgada a la Selva del Camp. L’estudi parteix de les excavacions que l’empresa Codex hi va efectuar l’any 1996 arran d’una actuació d’urgència motivada per la construcció d’una nova planta industrial de l’aleshores Repsol Química SA. L’obra és fruit de l’estudi de la documentació, fins ara inèdita, elaborada per l’empresa Codex i que ha estat cedida per a aquest projecte de recerca. La publicació ha estat coordinada per Josep M. Macias Solé i Joan J. Menchon Bes i els textos són obra del Dr. Domènec Campillo, M. Milagros Cuesta i Laura Devenat (Laboratori de Paleopatologia i Paleoantropologia, Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya), Montserrat García Noguera (Codex – Arqueologia i Patrimoni), Miguel Á. González Pérez (Grup de Recerca d’Arqueologia Clàssica, Protohistòrica i Egípcia, Universitat de Barcelona), Josep M. Macias Solé (ICAC), Joan J. Menchon Bes (Museu d’Història de Tarragona), Joan S. Mestres i Torres (Laboratori de Datació per Radiocarboni, Universitat de Barcelona), Rosario Navarro Sáez (Universitat de Barcelona), Josep M. Palet Martínez (ICAC) i Jordi Principal Ponce (Museu d’Arqueologia de Catalunya). Amb la nova col·lecció Hic et nunc l’ICAC assumeix el compromís de difondre regularment la documentació arqueològica bàsica generada des del camp universitari o empresarial, entenent que la publicació d’aspectes més concrets és imprescindible per a l’elaboració de síntesis més globalitzadores.