Gestión en el territorio de una empresa de seguridad mediante estándares GIS e integración de datos con Google Maps.

Estudi teòric sobre els Sistemes d'Informació Geogràfica (GIS) i sobre les especificacions que està publicant el Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) com estàndards oberts que permetin les comunicacions entre distints GIS.

Personalized touristic routes implementing semantic web on GIS

Nowadays, when a user is planning a touristic route is very difficult to find out which are the best places to visit. The user has to choose considering his/her preferences due to the great quantity of information it is possible to find in the web and taking into account it is necessary to do a selection, within small time because there is a limited time to do a trip. In Itiner@ project, we aim to implement Semantic Web technology combined with Geographic Information Systems in order to offer personalized touristic routes around a region based on user preferences and time situation. Using ontologies it is possible to link, structure, share data and obtain the result more suitable for user's preferences and actual situation with less time and more precisely than without ontologies. To achieve these objectives we propose a web page combining a GIS server and a touristic ontology. As a step further, we also study how to extend this technology on mobile devices due to the raising interest and technological progress of these devices and location-based services, which allows the user to have all the route information on the hand when he/she does a touristic trip. We design a little application in order to apply the combination of GIS and Semantic Web in a mobile device.

Personalized touristic routes implementing semantic web on GIS

Nowadays, when a user is planning a touristic route is very difficult to find out which are the best places to visit. The user has to choose considering his/her preferences due to the great quantity of information it is possible to find in the web and taking into account it is necessary to do a selection, within small time because there is a limited time to do a trip. In Itiner@ project, we aim to implement Semantic Web technology combined with Geographic Information Systems in order to offer personalized touristic routes around a region based on user preferences and time situation. Using ontologies it is possible to link, structure, share data and obtain the result more suitable for user's preferences and actual situation with less time and more precisely than without ontologies. To achieve these objectives we propose a web page combining a GIS server and a touristic ontology. As a step further, we also study how to extend this technology on mobile devices due to the raising interest and technological progress of these devices and location-based services, which allows the user to have all the route information on the hand when he/she does a touristic trip. We design a little application in order to apply the combination of GIS and Semantic Web in a mobile device.

Review. Precision viticulture. Research topics, challenges and opportunities in site-specific vineyard management

Precision Viticulture (PV) is a concept that is beginning to have an impact on the wine-growing sector. Its practical implementation is dependant on various technological developments: crop sensors and yield monitors, local and remote sensors, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), VRA (Variable-Rate Application) equipment and machinery, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and systems for data analysis and interpretation. This paper reviews a number of research lines related to PV. These areas of research have focused on four very specific fields: 1) quantification and evaluation of within-field variability, 2) delineation of zones of differential treatment at parcel level, based on the analysis and interpretation of this variability, 3) development of Variable-Rate Technologies (VRT) and, finally, 4) evaluation of the opportunities for site-specific vineyard management. Research in these fields should allow winegrowers and enologists to know and understand why yield variability exists within the same parcel, what the causes of this variability are, how the yield and its quality are interrelated and, if spatial variability exists, whether site-specific vineyard management is justifiable on a technical and economic basis.

Geoposicionament per a dispositius mòbils

Aquest projecte té dues parts diferenciades. La primera consisteix en un estudi de la situació actual dels SIG i de les aplicacions que hi treballen. La segona és la planificació, disseny i estudi de viabilitat tant tècnica com econòmica d’un projecte en que el component SIG i la mobilitat tenen un pes determinant.

Anàlisi del metabolisme ambiental de nuclis turístics litorals: el cas de Menorca

L’objectiu del present estudi és l’anàlisi del metabolisme energètic associat a nuclis turístics litorals de l’illa de Menorca (Mediterrani occidental) i el grau d’autosuficiència a partir d’energies renovables. La caracterització dels nuclis i la definició del perfil del turista s’ha realitzat mitjançant SIG i informació de qualitat a partir d’enquestes. Els principals resultats mostren que els nuclis turístics de Menorca tenen unes emissions associades entre 213 i 318 kg de CO2 per estada. De mitjana, el recorregut del turista fins a la illa (mobilitat externa) és de 1334 km (representant el 80% de les emissions), mentre que la mobilitat interna durant l’estada és de 22 km. A diari, cada turista consumeix entre 8 i 26 kWh d’electricitat, consum que es podria satisfer en un 100% amb la instal·lació de sistemes fotovoltaics a les cobertes del nucli.

Construcció d'un SIG de base municipal amb assignació automàtica del nom de carrer a les illes d'habitatges d'una determinada població

El present treball Final de Carrera és un apropament als Sistemas d'Informació Geogràfica (SIG), segons dues vessants: la teòrica, oferint informació general sobre els SIG, i la pràctica, mostrant el desenvolupament d'una aplicació concreta basada en programari SIG.

Aplicació dels Sistemes d'Informació Geogràfica per Gestionar la Informació Cadastral

En aquest document es descriuran les principals característiques tant dels sistemes GIS com del cadastre, es proposarà com es poden aplicar els sistemes GIS per a la gestió del cadastre municipal i, finalment, es presentarà un exemple pràctic de gestió.

Construcció d'un SIG per la gestió en camins no cartografiats

Aquest treball està format per dues parts: la primera és un recull de tots els elements teòrics necessaris per entendre els rudiments d'un SIG i la segona, en la que es construeix un SIG de Catalunya, en el que es representarà les entitats bàsiques de la cartografia catalana: províncies, comarques, límits municipals, municipis i els camins no cartografiats enregistrats per terminals GPS.

Los hábitats del proyecto CORINE en el ámbito territorial catalán: delimitación y cartografía.

nd items. Once maps are drawn up they are digitized and put into a GIS and finally subjected to quality control. Table 4 shows the most important habitats (according to polygon number and area covered) and the least represented habitats in the sheets drawn so far. Sheets can be obtained through internet (www.gencat.net/mediamb/pn.htm).

Estratigrafia i evolució conceptual d'un paisatge de muntanya al massís del Garraf: la Maçana-Rovirós-Térmens (Begues)

En aquest estudi, l'aplicació regressiva de tècniques com la prospecció arqueològica, la foto i cartointerpretació, els SIG i el buidatge documental han permès la reconstrucció diacrònica del paisatge de l'àrea de la Maçana-Térmens-Rovirós (Begues). L'estudi paisatgístic del Garraf revesteix un singular interès per la seva condició muntanyenca i la seva intensa antropització. Els entorns de muntanya són medis especialment sensibles a processos de canvi, especialment en el cas del massís del Garraf, proper a importants nuclis d'habitació des de l'antiguitat. El nostre treball mostrarà com, en ocasions, el canvi paisatgístic ha estat irreversible al massís.

Association between GIS-based exposure to urban air pollution during pregnancy and birth weight in the INMA Sabadell Cohort

Background: There is growing evidence that traffic-related air pollution reduces birth weight. Improving exposure assessment is a key issue to advance in this research area.Objective: We investigated the effect of prenatal exposure to traffic-related air pollution via geographic information system (GIS) models on birth weight in 570 newborns from the INMA (Environment and Childhood) Sabadell cohort.Methods: We estimated pregnancy and trimester-specific exposures to nitrogen dioxide and aromatic hydrocarbons [benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, and o-xylene (BTEX)] by using temporally adjusted land-use regression (LUR) models. We built models for NO2 and BTEX using four and three 1-week measurement campaigns, respectively, at 57 locations. We assessed the relationship between prenatal air pollution exposure and birth weight with linear regression models. We performed sensitivity analyses considering time spent at home and time spent in nonresidential outdoor environments during pregnancy.Results: In the overall cohort, neither NO2 nor BTEX exposure was significantly associated with birth weight in any of the exposure periods. When considering only women who spent < 2 hr/day in nonresidential outdoor environments, the estimated reductions in birth weight associated with an interquartile range increase in BTEX exposure levels were 77 g [95% confidence interval (CI), 7–146 g] and 102 g (95% CI, 28–176 g) for exposures during the whole pregnancy and the second trimester, respectively. The effects of NO2 exposure were less clear in this subset.Conclusions: The association of BTEX with reduced birth weight underscores the negative role of vehicle exhaust pollutants in reproductive health. Time–activity patterns during pregnancy complement GIS-based models in exposure assessment.

GIS-based debris flow source and runout susceptibility assessment from DEM data - a case study in NW Nicaragua

In October 1998, Hurricane Mitch triggered numerous landslides (mainly debris flows) in Honduras and Nicaragua, resulting in a high death toll and in considerable damage to property. The potential application of relatively simple and affordable spatial prediction models for landslide hazard mapping in developing countries was studied. Our attention was focused on a region in NW Nicaragua, one of the most severely hit places during the Mitch event. A landslide map was obtained at 1:10 000 scale in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment from the interpretation of aerial photographs and detailed field work. In this map the terrain failure zones were distinguished from the areas within the reach of the mobilized materials. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with 20 m×20 m of pixel size was also employed in the study area. A comparative analysis of the terrain failures caused by Hurricane Mitch and a selection of 4 terrain factors extracted from the DEM which, contributed to the terrain instability, was carried out. Land propensity to failure was determined with the aid of a bivariate analysis and GIS tools in a terrain failure susceptibility map. In order to estimate the areas that could be affected by the path or deposition of the mobilized materials, we considered the fact that under intense rainfall events debris flows tend to travel long distances following the maximum slope and merging with the drainage network. Using the TauDEM extension for ArcGIS software we generated automatically flow lines following the maximum slope in the DEM starting from the areas prone to failure in the terrain failure susceptibility map. The areas crossed by the flow lines from each terrain failure susceptibility class correspond to the runout susceptibility classes represented in a runout susceptibility map. The study of terrain failure and runout susceptibility enabled us to obtain a spatial prediction for landslides, which could contribute to landslide risk mitigation.

Detection of Body Dump Sites and Clandestine Burials: a GIS-Based Landscape Approach

Forensic archaeology has been of inestimable help in the location and excavation of clandestine burials (Hunter 1996a:16-17, 1996b; Killam 2004; Levine et al. 1984). Landscape archaeology techniques have been adapted and widely applied for such purposes. In this article, an adaptation of one of the most common applications of archaeological GIS, that is predictive site location, is applied to the detection of body dump sites and clandestine burial sites, bringing together in the process the fields of landscape archaeology, forensic sciences, and GIS.

Characteristics of 2D convective structures in Catalonia (NE Spain): an analysis using radar data and GIS

Flood simulation studies use spatial-temporal rainfall data input into distributed hydrological models. A correct description of rainfall in space and in time contributes to improvements on hydrological modelling and design. This work is focused on the analysis of 2-D convective structures (rain cells), whose contribution is especially significant in most flood events. The objective of this paper is to provide statistical descriptors and distribution functions for convective structure characteristics of precipitation systems producing floods in Catalonia (NE Spain). To achieve this purpose heavy rainfall events recorded between 1996 and 2000 have been analysed. By means of weather radar, and applying 2-D radar algorithms a distinction between convective and stratiform precipitation is made. These data are introduced and analyzed with a GIS. In a first step different groups of connected pixels with convective precipitation are identified. Only convective structures with an area greater than 32 km2 are selected. Then, geometric characteristics (area, perimeter, orientation and dimensions of the ellipse), and rainfall statistics (maximum, mean, minimum, range, standard deviation, and sum) of these structures are obtained and stored in a database. Finally, descriptive statistics for selected characteristics are calculated and statistical distributions are fitted to the observed frequency distributions. Statistical analyses reveal that the Generalized Pareto distribution for the area and the Generalized Extreme Value distribution for the perimeter, dimensions, orientation and mean areal precipitation are the statistical distributions that best fit the observed ones of these parameters. The statistical descriptors and the probability distribution functions obtained are of direct use as an input in spatial rainfall generators.