Adopting a new religion: The case of Protestantism in 16th Century Germany

Using a rich dataset of territories and cities of the Holy Roman Empire in the16th century, this paper investigates the determinants of adoption and diffusion ofProtestantism as a state religion. A territory s distance to Wittenberg, the city whereMartin Luther taught, is a major determinant of adoption. This finding can be explainedthrough a theory of strategic neighbourhood interactions: in an uncertainlegal context, introducing the Reformation was a risky enterprise for territorial lords,and had higher prospects of success if powerful neighbouring states committed tothe new faith first. The model is tested in a panel dataset featuring the dates ofintroduction of the Reformation.

Comunicación y deporte en la era digital

Conferencia presentada por el autor en el IX Congreso de la Asociación Española de Investigación Social Aplicada al Deporte (AEISAD), que tuvo lugar en Las Palmas de Gran Canaria del 16 al 18 de noviembre de 2006, analizando cómo los cambios en las nuevas tecnologías influencian la mutua relación entre medios y deporte.

Olympic education experiences: the sponsorship in the promotion of Olympic values

This text was presented at the 16th International Seminar on Olympic Studies for Postgraduate Students that was organised by the International Olympic Academy in Ancient Olympia, from 1st to 30th July 2008. First here are reported, fundamental concepts on Olympics such as the Olympic values and the educational mandate of Pierre de Coubertin, the Olympic brand and symbols, the sponsorship and the Olympic partner programme. Then there is a chapter regarding the Top sponsors educational initiatives on Olympic values, and specially, describing the Olympic sponsors involvement in education and Top sponsors educational activities. And finally, the author analyses the sponsorship role in the promotion of Olympic Values Education, providing conclusions, comments on future and perspectives and some recommendations.

The Quest for the Oracle Birds: Researching the Chinese Community in Colonial Mexico (1565-1700)

The Asian Diaspora in the Americas in the 16th and 17th has been neglected by scholars for a long time. This fact is baffling, not only for the great interest of this topic in of itself, but also because it could provide new knowledge of colonial Mexico, especially in terms of the interaction among the many groups that populated the colony. This early movement of people and ideas across the largest extension of water in the planet is characteristic of what has been called the ¿archaic globalization,¿ and thus research on these matters could contribute to the history of globalization.In this presentation, I seek to further elaborate on the themes outlined by Edward Slack in The Chinos in New Spain: A Corrective Lens for a Distorted Image, an article published in 2009 in the Journal of World History. Firstly, I would like to bring forth some evidence that indicates that Asian religious practices were present in Mexico in the 1600s. Furthermore, I will argue that the traces of these practices are still visible today, in the form of a popular fortune-telling tradition. Secondly, I intend to provide some information about the arrival, settlement and distribution of the Asian Diaspora. I will focus on their distribution within Mexico City. Thirdly, I will elaborate on their occupations, social status and daily life, as well as in the patterns in marriages and relations with other groups. And lastly, I will show how the guild of barbers served as an Asian immigrant reception network.

Benet Sanxes Galindo, pintor i poeta del segle XVI a Catalunya

Estudi de l’obra de Benet Sanxes Galindo, conegut en castellà com Benito Sánchez Galindo. Poeta i pintor del s. XVI, ha estat poc conegut i estudiat. L’autor aprofita per fer un repàs de les obres que l’han tractat. L’article s’emmarca en un número monogràfic amb el títol “Miscel•lània d’homenatge a Modest Prats”

Joan Pujol: una lectura contrareformista d'Ausiàs Marc

Anàlisi de l’obra del poeta Joan Pujol, concretament els textos que tenen com a referent directe la figura i/o l’obra d’Ausiàs Marc. S’ofereix una hipòtesi de lectura del conjunt de poemes presentats

Plecs solts poètics catalans dels segles XVI i XVII relatius al bandolerisme: Un inventari

Inventari que recull les notícies que l’autor ha pogut aplegar sobre plecs solts poètics en llengua catalana de temàtica relacionada amb el bandolerisme (des de l’arribada de la impremta a Catalunya fins al final del segle XVII). També ofereix l’edició del text de tres d’aquests plecs solts, impresos a la segona meitat del segle XVI, inèdits modernament i poc coneguts. Es tracta d’una «sèrie» sobre dos germans bandolers, caps de colla: Janot i Montserrat Poc

Importació d'obres artístiques dels Països Baixos del Sud a Catalunya durant els segles XV i primera meitat del XVI

Durant els segles XV i primera meitat del XVI, tota mena de productes de luxe eren exportats des dels Països Baixos del sud a tota Europa, moda fomentada pels ducs de Borgonya, que governaven el territori. Malgrat el major número d’estudis sobre les relacions entre la Corona de Castella i Flandes a finals de l’Edat Mitjana, i les més nombroses peces flamenques conservades en aquesta regió veïna, també la Corona d’Aragó mantenia intenses relacions comercials amb els Països Baixos del sud, essent la colònia de mercaders catalans de les primeres en establir-se a Bruges, principal port d’exportació a l’època. És nombrosa la documentació referida a naus catalanes viatjant cap al nord, així com als privilegis de què gaudia aquesta colònia de mercaders. Un bon grapat de peces d’aquesta procedència es conserven a museus i institucions locals. Malgrat que de moltes no se’n coneix el moment d’arribada, d’altres es troben ben documentades o se’n pot deduïr la seva presència a Catalunya des de finals de l’Edat Mitjana, conformant un farcit catàleg. D’altra banda, la documentació d’arxiu ens proporciona valuoses notícies sobre la gran quantitat de peces flamenques avui desaparegudes però que haurien existit a l’època, evidenciant que el que avui ens resta no és més que una molt petita porció del que hauria estat a finals de l’Edat Mitjana, i ens permet acostar-nos a una visió de la societat i els seus gustos més propera a la realitat de l’època, posant de manifest que la moda flamenca arrelaria intensament a Catalunya.

Outage thresholds of LDPC codes over nonergodic block-fading channels

This paper derives approximations allowing the estimation of outage probability for standard irregular LDPC codes and full-diversity Root-LDPC codes used over nonergodic block-fading channels. Two separate approaches are discussed: a numerical approximation, obtained by curve fitting, for both code ensembles, and an analytical approximation for Root-LDPC codes, obtained under the assumption that the slope of the iterative threshold curve of a given code ensemble matches the slope of the outage capacity curve in the high-SNR regime.

Optimum pilot overhead in wireless communication: a unified treatment of continuous and block-fading channels

The optimization of the pilot overhead in wireless fading channels is investigated, and the dependence of this overhead on various system parameters of interest (e.g., fading rate, signal-to-noise ratio) is quantified. The achievable pilot-based spectral efficiency is expanded with respect to the fading rate about the no-fading point, which leads to an accurate order expansion for the pilot overhead. This expansion identifies that the pilot overhead, as well as the spectral efficiency penalty with respect to a reference system with genie-aided CSI (channel state information) at the receiver, depend on the square root of the normalized Doppler frequency. It is also shown that the widely-usedblock fading model is a special case of more accurate continuous fading models in terms of the achievable pilot-based spectral efficiency. Furthermore, it is established that the overhead optimization for multiantenna systems is effectively the same as for single-antenna systems with thenormalized Doppler frequency multiplied by the number of transmit antennas.

Silver space-time trellis-coded modulation

Silver Code (SilC) was originally discovered in [1–4] for 2×2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmission. It has non-vanishing minimum determinant 1/7, slightly lower than Golden code, but is fast-decodable, i.e., it allows reduced-complexity maximum likelihood decoding [5–7]. In this paper, we present a multidimensional trellis-coded modulation scheme for MIMO systems [11] based on set partitioning of the Silver Code, named Silver Space-Time Trellis Coded Modulation (SST-TCM). This lattice set partitioning is designed specifically to increase the minimum determinant. The branches of the outer trellis code are labeled with these partitions. Viterbi algorithm is applied for trellis decoding, while the branch metrics are computed by using a sphere-decoding algorithm. It is shown that the proposed SST-TCM performs very closely to the Golden Space-Time Trellis Coded Modulation (GST-TCM) scheme, yetwith a much reduced decoding complexity thanks to its fast-decoding property.

Multiuser detection with an unknown number of active users: receiver design

In multiuser detection, the set of users active at any time may be unknown to the receiver. In these conditions, optimum reception consists of detecting simultaneously the set of activeusers and their data, problem that can be solved exactly by applying random-set theory (RST) and Bayesian recursions (BR). However, implementation of optimum receivers may be limited by their complexity, which grows exponentially with the number of potential users. In this paper we examine three strategies leading to reduced-complexity receivers.In particular, we show how a simple approximation of BRs enables the use of Sphere Detection (SD) algorithm, whichexhibits satisfactory performance with limited complexity.

Multiple target tracking using random sets

This paper presents several algorithms for joint estimation of the target number and state in a time-varying scenario. Building on the results presented in [1], which considers estimation of the target number only, we assume that not only the target number, but also their state evolution must be estimated. In this context, we extend to this new scenario the Rao-Blackwellization procedure of [1] to compute Bayes recursions, thus defining reduced-complexity solutions for the multi-target set estimator. A performance assessmentis finally given both in terms of Circular Position Error Probability - aimed at evaluating the accuracy of the estimated track - and in terms of Cardinality Error Probability, aimed at evaluating the reliability of the target number estimates.

Els baixonets a Catalunya : una aproximació organològica, funcional i del repertori : el fons musical de Canet de Mar

Aquest treball fa un estudi dels baixonets a Catalunya des de les perspectives organològica, funcional i del repertori. A partir de les informacions aportades pels instruments originals, pels tractats i per estudis especialitats, es defineixen una tipologia instrumental pròpiament hispànica, i unes funcions principalment relacionades amb la música vocal religiosa de mitjans del segle XVI a mitjans del segle XVIII. Posteriorment, es realitza un estudi de la música amb baixonet a la localitat de Canet de Mar. A partir del treball de camp al seu arxiu parroquial, es compilen vuit obres específiques per a baixonet, se'n transcriuen alguns manuscrits, i se'n defineixen els principals aspectes formals i funcionals. El cas de Canet de Mar es pot considerar com un exemple més o menys representatiu de la pràctica instrumental i del repertori específic del baixonet a Catalunya a finals del segle XVII i començaments del segle XVIII.

Banks and development: Jewish communities in the Italian Renaissance and current economic performance

Are differences in local banking development long-lasting? Do they affect long-term economic performance?I answer these questions by relying on an historical development that occurred in Italian cities during the 15thcentury. A sudden change in the Catholic doctrine had driven the Jews toward money lending. Cities thatwere hosting Jewish communities developed complex banking institutions for two reasons: first, the Jews werethe only people in Italy who were allowed to lend for a profit and, second, the Franciscan reaction to Jewishusury led to the creation of charity lending institutions, the Monti di Pietà, that have survived until today andhave become the basis of the Italian banking system. Using Jewish demography in 1500 as an instrument, Iprovide evidence of (1) an extraordinary persistence in the level of banking development across Italian cities (2)large effects of current local banking development on per-capita income. Additional firm-level analyses suggestthat well-functioning local banks exert large effects on aggregate productivity by reallocating resources towardmore efficient firms. I exploit the expulsion of the Jews from the Spanish territories in Italy in 1541 to arguethat my results are not driven by omitted institutional, cultural and geographical characteristics. In particular,I show that, in Central Italy, the difference in current income between cities that hosted Jewish communitiesand cities that did not exists only in those regions that were not Spanish territories in the 16th century.