12 resultados para Dialysis.

em Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (CSUC), Spain


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Seven patients (five male and two female) with chronic renal failure (CRF) treated by periodical haemodialysis presented with swelling and effusion of more than three months' duration in knees (four bilateral), shoulders (two, one of them bilateral), elbow (one), and ankle (one). Four had a carpal tunnel syndrome both clinically and electromyographically (three bilateral). All patients had hyperparathyroidism secondary to their CRF, which was not due to amyloidosis in any of them. The dialysis duration period varied from five to 14 years, with an average of 8.6 years. Amyloid deposits (Congo red positive areas with green birefringence under polarising microscopy) were shown in six of the seven synovial biopsy specimens of the knee, in five of the sediments of the synovial fluids, and in specimens removed during carpal tunnel syndrome surgery. No amyloid was found in the biopsy specimen of abdominal fat of six of the patients. The finding of amyloid only in the synovial membrane and fluid, and carpal tunnel, its absence in abdominal fat, and the lack of other manifestations of generalised amyloidosis (cardiomyopathy, malabsorption syndrome, macroglossia, etc.) and of Bence Jones myeloma (protein immunoelectrophoresis normal) raises the possibility that this is a form of amyloidosis which is peculiar to CRF treated by periodical haemodialysis.

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El cambio de prolongador del equipo de Diálisis Peritoneal es una intervención competencia de la enfermería que debe ser cumplimentada siguiendo un protocolo que minimice el riesgo de contaminación y por tanto de la aparición de peritonitis. No existen recomendaciones claras y unánimes sobre cómo desinfectar las conexiones, ya que esto va a depender fundamentalmente de si el conector del catéter es de titanio o no y de cómo debe cebarse el nuevo prolongador. Objetivo: Conocer como se realiza el cambio de prolongador en las diferentes unidades nefrológicas del Estado con el fin de consensuar el procedimiento más adecuado. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en febrero de 2008 a partir de un cuestionario estructurado y autocumplimentado de diseño propio del que garantizó su validez y fiabilidad. En la encuesta se recogió la experiencia de la persona encuestada en el campo de la DP, el sistema utilizado, y el cumplimiento de los ítems que se consideraron fundamentales para una buena praxis en el procedimiento del cambio de prolongador, basados en la literatura consultada y el las recomendaciones de los proveedores de los productos para DP. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 53 encuestas de enfermeras que manifestaron tener experiencia en DP entre 3 meses y 32 años. El grado de cumplimiento de las acciones necesarias para cambiar el prolongador (lavado de manos, preparación campo estéril, lavado del conector) fue entre un 95 y un 100%, mientras que los ítems desinfección de la conexión y drenaje de líquido peritoneal tras el cambio obtuvieron grados de cumplimentación entre un 28 y un 83%. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio presenta limitaciones, ya que se trataba de hacer una prospección inicial sobre el tema, se debe profundizar en él y consensuar un protocolo válido de cambio de prolongador para cualquiera de los sistemas que ofrece la industria y definir muy claramente el proceso de desinfección del conector y la conveniencia o no de realizar un recambio peritoneal completo tras el cambio.

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Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a serious complication of end-stage liver disease, occurring mainly in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites, who have marked circulatory dysfunction,1 as well as in patients with acute liver failure.2 In spite of its functional nature, HRS is associated with a poor prognosis,3 4 and the only effective treatment is liver transplantation. During the 56th Meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, the International Ascites Club held a Focused Study Group (FSG) on HRS for the purpose of reporting the results of an international workshop and to reach a consensus on a new definition, criteria for diagnosis and recommendations on HRS treatment. A similar workshop was held in Chicago in 1994 in which standardised nomenclature and diagnostic criteria for refractory ascites and HRS were established.5 The introduction of innovative treatments and improvements in our understanding of the pathogenesis of HRS during the previous decade led to an increasing need to undertake a new consensus meeting. This paper reports the scientific rationale behind the new definitions and recommendations. The international workshop included four issues debated by four panels of experts (see Acknowledgements). The issues were: (1) evidence-based HRS pathogenesis; (2) treatment of HRS using vasoconstrictors; (3) other HRS treatments using transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS) and extracorporeal albumin dialysis (ECAD); and (4) new definitions and diagnostic criteria for HRS and recommendations for its treatment.

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La actividad física es imprescindible para el mantenimiento de la salud existiendo una relación evidente entre la falta de ejercicio y el desarrollo de múltiples patologías, los pacientes sometidos a terapia sustitutiva de la función renal están sometidos a un régimen de vida que puede dificultar el desarrollo de una actividad adecuada. Con el fin de conocer si la forma de terapia de depuración influye en su actividad a un grupo de 72 pacientes (16 en programa de Diálisis Peritoneal Autoática, 24 en Diálisis Peritoneal Continua Ambulatoria y 32 en Hemodiálisis) se les colocó un podómetro o cuentapasos que registró durante siete días su actividad y kms. recorridos. Los pacientes sometidos a Hemodiálisis mostraron mantenerse durante más horas en actividad sin que hubiera diferencias significativas entre los kms. recorridos entre los distintos grupos.

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La supervivencia de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica que inician tratamiento renal sustitutivo es un problema a resolver pues pese a los avances que se han producido en la atención nefrológica desde la segunda mitad del siglo pasado, su expectativa de vida es muy corta comparada con la población general. Aunque existen...

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La acidosis metabólica que presentan los pacientes en IRC es consecuencia del fallo, por parte de los riñones, de la eliminación de los hidrogeniones. Estos son captados por el bicarbonato formando dióxido de carbono y eliminándolos por vía renal, mientras que el bicarbonato es reabsorbido por los túbulos renales (1). Una de las funciones de la diálisis es corregir la acidosis poniendo la sangre del paciente en contacto con soluciones tampón para que equilibren dicha acidosis. Estas soluciones captan los hidrogeniones, facilitando el mantenimiento del equilibrio ácido-base (2). La corrección de la acidosis en pacientes sometidos a tratamiento con diálisis peritoneal (DP) no está exenta de...

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Currently, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK Tx) is the treatment of choice in selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and terminal kidney failure (TRF). A functioning SPK transplant allows dialysis and insulin therapy to be discontinued and stabilizes or improves the complications of DM1. Nevertheless, to a greater or lesser degree, these complications (physical and psychological alterations, secondary effects of immunosuppressive therapy and the need for lifelong medication and medical follow-up) can persist after SPK Tx. Health professionals have mainly investigated the clinical features of transplant recipients. However, in the last few years, interest in analyzing perceived health and health-related quality of life (QoL) has increased. This latter concept includes the features of QoL most closely associated with a particular disease, its treatment and follow-up and therefore those elements most susceptible to modification by the health system. The general aim of this study was to measure health-related QoL in our population with SPK Tx and to determine whether there are significant differences between these patients and those with DM1 and TRF who continue to receive renal replacement therapy (RRT) and insulin therapy. More specific aims were to evaluate whether there are significant differences between the study groups and the means of the Spanish reference population in the distinct dimensions of a QoL questionnaire and whether other variables such as age, sex, years" duration of DM1, length of dialysis, and time since SPK Tx significantly affect health-related QoL.

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Currently, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK Tx) is the treatment of choice in selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and terminal kidney failure (TRF). A functioning SPK transplant allows dialysis and insulin therapy to be discontinued and stabilizes or improves the complications of DM1. Nevertheless, to a greater or lesser degree, these complications (physical and psychological alterations, secondary effects of immunosuppressive therapy and the need for lifelong medication and medical follow-up) can persist after SPK Tx. Health professionals have mainly investigated the clinical features of transplant recipients. However, in the last few years, interest in analyzing perceived health and health-related quality of life (QoL) has increased. This latter concept includes the features of QoL most closely associated with a particular disease, its treatment and follow-up and therefore those elements most susceptible to modification by the health system. The general aim of this study was to measure health-related QoL in our population with SPK Tx and to determine whether there are significant differences between these patients and those with DM1 and TRF who continue to receive renal replacement therapy (RRT) and insulin therapy. More specific aims were to evaluate whether there are significant differences between the study groups and the means of the Spanish reference population in the distinct dimensions of a QoL questionnaire and whether other variables such as age, sex, years" duration of DM1, length of dialysis, and time since SPK Tx significantly affect health-related QoL.

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Currently, simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK Tx) is the treatment of choice in selected patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and terminal kidney failure (TRF). A functioning SPK transplant allows dialysis and insulin therapy to be discontinued and stabilizes or improves the complications of DM1. Nevertheless, to a greater or lesser degree, these complications (physical and psychological alterations, secondary effects of immunosuppressive therapy and the need for lifelong medication and medical follow-up) can persist after SPK Tx. Health professionals have mainly investigated the clinical features of transplant recipients. However, in the last few years, interest in analyzing perceived health and health-related quality of life (QoL) has increased. This latter concept includes the features of QoL most closely associated with a particular disease, its treatment and follow-up and therefore those elements most susceptible to modification by the health system. The general aim of this study was to measure health-related QoL in our population with SPK Tx and to determine whether there are significant differences between these patients and those with DM1 and TRF who continue to receive renal replacement therapy (RRT) and insulin therapy. More specific aims were to evaluate whether there are significant differences between the study groups and the means of the Spanish reference population in the distinct dimensions of a QoL questionnaire and whether other variables such as age, sex, years" duration of DM1, length of dialysis, and time since SPK Tx significantly affect health-related QoL.

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The severity of alcoholic hepatitis (AH) which may coexist with cirrhosis varies greatly, from asymptomatic forms which are detected in alcoholic patients without any sign of liver disease, except laboratory abnormalities, to severe forms characterised by deep jaundice, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy and low prothrombin index. In hospitalized patients the mortality could be as high as 75%. The elevated number of therapeutic proposals reported for more than forty years reveals the lack of efficacy of a particular modality. Even in the most favorable trials, the survival is already very poor and in some cases related to the development of renal failure or hepatorenal syndrome. There are some motivating reports concerning albumin dialysis as a support treatment in patients with severe AH, either alone or in combination with other pharmacological therapies. The favorable effects of albumin dialysis in patients with severe AH suggest that the procedure used alone or in combination with other therapies may have a role in this clinical condition. This will be particularly relevant to offer an alternative therapy in these patients, thus being a potential bridge to recovery or to be listed for liver transplantation.

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La seguretat del pacient es considera una prioritat en l’assistència sanitària, activitat cada cop més complexa que comporta riscos potencials i en la que no existeix un sistema capaç de garantir l’absència d’efectes adversos, ja que es tracta d’una activitat en la que es combinen factors inherents al sistema com actuacions humanes (8). Els objectius específics s’han dividit en tres apartats segons les variables relacionades amb: la consulta de diàlisi; la satisfacció dels malalts amb el tracte, comunicació i informació rebuda per part dels professionals de la salut que atenen als malalts a la consulta; i amb els errors comesos per part dels professionals metges i infermers : Les dones se senten més satisfetes amb el tracte rebut per la infermera que els homes. Les expectatives dels participants respecte al que esperaven de la consulta superen l’esperada. Els professionals que treballen a la consulta pre diàlisi són persones sensibles respecte a la intimitat. La consulta de nefrologia aporta confiança, seguretat i satisfacció al pacient. Els malalts que no han patit l’experiència d’efectes indesitjables per l’assistència i per la mediació mostren més satisfacció en el tracte infermer que els que l’han patit. Aquesta relació no s’observa en la satisfacció amb el tracte mèdic.: Les dones se senten més satisfetes amb el tracte rebut per la infermera que els homes. Les expectatives dels participants respecte al que esperaven de la consulta superen l’esperada. Els professionals que treballen a la consulta pre diàlisi són persones sensibles respecte a la intimitat. La consulta de nefrologia aporta confiança, seguretat i satisfacció al pacient. Els malalts que no han patit l’experiència d’efectes indesitjables per l’assistència i per la mediació mostren més satisfacció en el tracte infermer que els que l’han patit. Aquesta relació no s’observa en la satisfacció amb el tracte mèdic

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El fracaso renal agudo afecta a un 25% de los pacientes hospitalizados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos. A pesar de los avances tecnológicos, la mortalidad de estos pacientes sigue siendo elevada debido a las complicaciones asociadas. Uno de los tratamientos del fracaso renal agudo son las técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal ya que permiten tratar las complicaciones y disminuir la mortalidad. El conocimiento y la habilidad de la enfermera en relación con estas técnicas serán decisivos para el éxito de la terapia. Para ello, la formación y la experiencia de la enfermera son el componente clave. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo actualizar los conocimientos sobre las técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal. Para ello, se realiza una revisión de los principios físico-químicos, como la difusión y la convección, entre otros, una descripción de las modalidades de las técnicas continuas de reemplazo renal, una presentación de los principales accesos vasculares y una descripción de los cuidados enfermeros y de las complicaciones relacionadas con las técnicas utilizadas.