21 resultados para BIS-GMA POLYMER

em Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya (CSUC), Spain


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Aquest article tracta el tema del “ne bis in idem” com a garantia processal penal del sistema interamericà de protecció dels drets humans. Tot fent referència als casos portats a la Cort Inteamericana de Drets Humans, s’hi presenten algunes consideracions que s’han tingut en compte a l’hora de flexibilitzar-ne el principi. Aquesta garantia es compara amb el sistema del “double jeopardy” de la common law. Així mateix, es compara també amb altres sistemes de protecció dels drets humans, com l’europeu, el del Tribunal Penal Internacional i el del Pacte de Drets Civils i Polítics de les Nacions Unides. Per concloure, es destaca la importància de l’harmonització de les garanties del procés penal en relació amb la discussió de conflictes jurisdiccionals. Aquest text és fruit de les reflexions debatudes Durand el curs de postgrau de la Facultat de Dret de la Universitat de São Paulo, “As Garantias do Processo Penal no Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos”, 2008.

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Este artículo trata el tema del ne bis in idem como garantía procesal penal dentro del sistema interamericano de protección de los derechos humanos. Haciendo referencia a los casos llevados ante la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, se presentan algunas reflexiones que fueron tomadas en consideración para la flexibilización del principio. Esta garantía se compara con el sistema del “double jeopardy” de la common law. Asimismo, se compara también con otros sistemas de protección de los derechos humanos, como el europeo, el del Tribunal Penal Internacional y el del Pacto de Derechos Civiles y Políticos de las Naciones Unidas. Finalmente, se destaca la importancia de la armonización de garantías del proceso penal en la discusión de conflictos jurisdiccionales. Este texto es producto de las reflexiones debatidas en el curso de postgrado de la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad de São Paulo, “As Garantias do Processo Penal no Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos”, 2008.

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En aquest treball s’ha plantejat estudiar la capacitat de diferents bissulfonamides per promoure, actuant com a àcids Brønsted, l’addició estereoselectiva d’un grup al·lil o un indole a un catió acilimini. Per això, s’han sintetitzat diversos tipus de bis-sulfonamides amb simetria C2, en forma enantiopura, i preparat precursors genèrics de cations N-acilimini. S’han dut a terme reaccions d’al·lilació i d’addició d’indole en diferents condicions i amb les diferents sulfonamides. Es va estudiar la possible estereoselectivitat dels productes d’addició, però en cap cas la presència de les bis-sulfonamides sintetitzades en la reacció ha afectat a l’estereoselectivitat de les addicions.

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El legislador estatal ha introduït un nou article 200 bis a la LCSP, amb la finalitat de lluitar contra la morositat de les Administracions públiques. No obstant això, com es veurà al llarg del present Treball sota l’enunciat de: “Procediment per fer efectius els deutes de les administracions publiques”, amaga simplement la regulació d’una nova mesura cautelar i la reducció del termini per aquests supòsits d’inactivitat administrativa. Per analitzar adequadament el contingut d’aquest article, hem considerat oportú estudiar les mesures cautelars en lo contenciós-administratiu. El camí recorregut comença en els antecedents jurisprudencials en l’aplicació de l’anterior normativa en mesures cautelars, segueix per la regulació comunitària i cóm aquesta va ser aplicada en un conegut cas del TJCE – cas Factortame-, això ens permetrà entendre el gir jurisprudencial del Tribunal Suprem de 1990 així com el alè donat pel Tribunal Constitucional. Tot això, ens conduirà al anàlisi dels articles 129, 130 i 136 de la vigent Llei de la jurisdicció contenciós-administratiu, això ens porta finalment al anàlisis del 200 bis.

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A mechanism of extraction of tubular membranes from a lipid vesicle is presented. A concentration gradient of anchoring amphiphilic polymers generates tubes from budlike vesicle protrusions. We explain this mechanism in the framework of the Canham-Helfrich model. The energy profile is analytically calculated and a tube with a fixed length, corresponding to an energy minimum, is obtained in a certain regime of parameters. Further, using a phase-field model, we corroborate these results numerically. We obtain the growth of tubes when a polymer source is added, and the budlike shape after removal of the polymer source, in accordance with recent experimental results.

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Velocity has been measured as a function of time for propagating crack tips as water is injected into solutions of end-capped associating polymers in a rectanguar Hele-Shaw cell. Measurements were performed for flows with different values of cell gap, channel width, polymer molecular weight, and polymer concentration. The condition for the onset of fracturelike behavior is well described by a Deborah number which uses the shear-thinning shear rate of the polymer solution as a characteristic frequency for network relaxation. At low molecular weight, the onset of fracturelike pattern evolution is accompanied by an abrupt jump in tip velocity, followed by a lower and approximately constant acceleration. At high molecular weight, the transition to fracturelike behavior involves passing through a regime that may be understood in terms of stick-slip dynamics. The crack-tip wanders from side to side and fluctuates (in both speed and velocity along the channel) with a characteristic frequency which depends linearly on the invading fluid injection rate.

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We study fracturelike flow instabilities that arise when water is injected into a Hele-Shaw cell filled with aqueous solutions of associating polymers. We explore various polymer architectures, molecular weights, and solution concentrations. Simultaneous measurements of the finger tip velocity and of the pressure at the injection point allow us to describe the dynamics of the finger in terms of the finger mobility, which relates the velocity to the pressure gradient. The flow discontinuities, characterized by jumps in the finger tip velocity, which are observed in experiments with some of the polymer solutions, can be modeled by using a nonmonotonic dependence between a characteristic shear stress and the shear rate at the tip of the finger. A simple model, which is based on a viscosity function containing both a Newtonian and a non-Newtonian component, and which predicts nonmonotonic regions when the non-Newtonian component of the viscosity dominates, is shown to agree with the experimental data.

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This article describes a method for determining the polydispersity index Ip2=Mz/Mw of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of linear polymeric materials from linear viscoelastic data. The method uses the Mellin transform of the relaxation modulus of a simple molecular rheological model. One of the main features of this technique is that it enables interesting MWD information to be obtained directly from dynamic shear experiments. It is not necessary to achieve the relaxation spectrum, so the ill-posed problem is avoided. Furthermore, a determinate shape of the continuous MWD does not have to be assumed in order to obtain the polydispersity index. The technique has been developed to deal with entangled linear polymers, whatever the form of the MWD is. The rheological information required to obtain the polydispersity index is the storage G′(ω) and loss G″(ω) moduli, extending from the terminal zone to the plateau region. The method provides a good agreement between the proposed theoretical approach and the experimental polydispersity indices of several linear polymers for a wide range of average molecular weights and polydispersity indices. It is also applicable to binary blends.

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A Comment on the Letter by A. Knoll, D. Wiesmann, B. Gotsmann, and U. Duerig, published in Physical Review Letter, 2009, vol. 102, p.117801

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By means of computer simulations and solution of the equations of the mode coupling theory (MCT),we investigate the role of the intramolecular barriers on several dynamic aspects of nonentangled polymers. The investigated dynamic range extends from the caging regime characteristic of glass-formers to the relaxation of the chain Rouse modes. We review our recent work on this question,provide new results, and critically discuss the limitations of the theory. Solutions of the MCT for the structural relaxation reproduce qualitative trends of simulations for weak and moderate barriers. However, a progressive discrepancy is revealed as the limit of stiff chains is approached. This dis-agreement does not seem related with dynamic heterogeneities, which indeed are not enhanced by increasing barrier strength. It is not connected either with the breakdown of the convolution approximation for three-point static correlations, which retains its validity for stiff chains. These findings suggest the need of an improvement of the MCT equations for polymer melts. Concerning the relaxation of the chain degrees of freedom, MCT provides a microscopic basis for time scales from chain reorientation down to the caging regime. It rationalizes, from first principles, the observed deviations from the Rouse model on increasing the barrier strength. These include anomalous scaling of relaxation times, long-time plateaux, and nonmonotonous wavelength dependence of the mode correlators.

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El artículo analiza los elementos esenciales del nuevo delito de trata de personas que incorporado al CP mediante la reforma de 2010. Asimismo explora la tipificación de la trata de personas en Derecho comparado, los compromisos internacionales adquiridos por el Estado español acerca de la incriminación de esta conducta y su nivel de cumplimiento con el nuevo delito.