Las ideas de Marx llegan a la corriente principal de la economía

The paper first sets out simplified versions of recent mainstream papers which explain the rise of democracy in 19th century Europe and its instabliity in Latin America. Then it attempts to convince Marxists of the importance of these works for Marxist thought.

Turkey's accession to the EU: interests, ideas and path dependence

The paper is divided into four sections. The first offers a critical assessment of explanations of both rationalist and constructivist approaches currently dominating European studies and assesses the notion of path dependence. The second and third sections analyse the role of both material interests and polity ideas in EU enlargement to Turkey, and conclude that explanations exclusively based on either strategic calculations or values and identities have significant shortcomings. The fourth section examines the institutional path of Turkey's candidacy to show how the course of action begun at Helsinki restricted the range of possible and legitimate options three years later in Copenhagen.

The Ideas Debate in International and European Studies: Towards a Cartography and Critical Assessment

The appeal to ideas as causal variables and/or constitutive features of political processes increasingly characterises political analysis. Yet, perhaps because of the pace of this ideational intrusion, too often ideas have simply been grafted onto pre-existing explanatory theories at precisely the point at which they seem to get into difficulties, with little or no consideration either of the status of such ideational variables or of the character or consistency of the resulting theoretical hybrid. This is particularly problematic for ideas are far from innocent variables – and can rarely, if ever, be incorporated seamlessly within existing explanatory and/or constitutive theories without ontological and epistemological consequence. We contend that this tendency along with the limitations of the prevailing Humean conception of causality, and associated epistemological polemic between causal and constitutive logics, continue to plague almost all of the literature that strives to accord an explanatory role to ideas. In trying to move beyond the current vogue for epistemological polemic, we argue that the incommensurability thesis between causal and constitutive logics is only credible in the context of a narrow, Humean, conception of causation. If we reject this in favour of a more inclusive (and ontologically realist) understanding then it is perfectly possible to chart the causal significance of constitutive processes and reconstrue the explanatory role of ideas as causally constitutive.

From creative ideas to new emerging ventures: the process of identification and exploitation among finnish design entrepreneurs

This study focuses on identification and exploitation processes among Finnish design entrepreneurs (i.e. selfemployed industrial designers). More specifically, this study strives to find out what design entrepreneurs do when they create new ventures, how venture ideas are identified and how entrepreneurial processes are organized to identify and exploit such venture ideas in the given industrial context. Indeed, what does educated and creative individuals do when they decide to create new ventures, where do the venture ideas originally come from, and moreover, how are venture ideas identified and developed into viable business concepts that are introduced on the markets? From an academic perspective: there is a need to increase our understanding of the interaction between the identification and exploitation of emerging ventures, in this and other empirical contexts. Rather than assuming that venture ideas are constant in time, this study examines how emerging ideas are adjusted to enable exploitation in dynamic market settings. It builds on the insights from previous entrepreneurship process research. The interpretations from the theoretical discussion build on the assumption that the subprocesses of identification and exploitation interact, and moreover, they are closely entwined with each other (e.g. McKelvie & Wiklund, 2004, Davidsson, 2005). This explanation challenges the common assumption that entrepreneurs would first identify venture ideas and then exploit them (e.g. Shane, 2003). The assumption is that exploitation influences identification, just as identification influences exploitation. Based on interviews with design entrepreneurs and external actors (e.g. potential customers, suppliers and collaborators), it appears as identification and exploitation of venture ideas are carried out in close interaction between a number of actors, rather than alone by entrepreneurs. Due to their available resources, design entrepreneurs have a desire to focus on identification related activities and to find external actors that take care of exploitation related activities. The involvement of external actors may have a direct impact on decisionmaking and various activities along the processes of identification and exploitation, which is something that previous research does not particularly emphasize. For instance, Bhave (1994) suggests both operative and strategic feedback from the market, but does not explain how external parties are actually involved in the decisionmaking, and in carrying out various activities along the entrepreneurial process.

The Core ideas and axioms of classical fascism (1919-1945)

This article presents and explores the axioms and core ideas, or idées-force, of the Fascist ideologies of the first third of the twentieth century. The aim is to identify the features that define the term “Classical Fascism” as a conceptual category in the study of politics and to uncover the core ideas of its political theory. This analysis requires an appraisal of both the idées-force themselves and the political use that is made of them. If these appreciations are correct, Classical Fascism is characterized by a set of ideological and political aims and methods in which ideas, attitudes and behaviours are determined by an anti-democratic palingenetic ultranationalism underpinned by a sacralized ideology; the quest for a united, indissoluble society as apolitical system and, at the same time, the collective myth that mobilizes and redeems the nation; and third, violence as a political vehicle applied unchecked against internal opposition and against external enemies who challenge the nation´s progression towards the dream of rebirth and the culmination of this progression in the form of an empire.

La materialización de ideas: realidades, necesidades, oportunidades, encuentros y desencuentros

Dado el nivel de actuación que han tenido en nuestra historia y pueden tener en la época actual los materiales, se presenta en este trabajo un análisis de la realidad de quien trabaja con los mismos ya sea buscando un acercamiento emocional, un ambiente más sostenible o una nueva tecnología. Se pretende: conocer la importancia de los materiales; contextualizar el trabajo de diseñadores, arquitectos, ecologistas y científicos en relación a los materiales; detectar materiales innovadores; caracterizar las aplicaciones y prestaciones de los materiales encontrados y descontextualizar algunos de ellos; determinar la relación material-sostenibilidad-innovación; implementar conceptos innovadores en el desarrollo de producto; estudiar las necesidades que los diferentes perfiles de profesionales plantean frente a un sistema de gestión e información como Mater, Centro de Materiales (FAD. Fomento de las Artes y del Diseño).

Asociación del anticuerpo anti-C1q con las manifestaciones clínicas, hematológicas e inmunológicas en el Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico: Estudio observacional retrospectivo de 135 casos.

: Las concentraciones de anticuerpo anti-C1q están elevadas en los pacientes afectados de LES. Según algunos estudios la presencia de este anticuerpo está asociada a la nefropatía lúpica, sin embargo en otros estudios esta relación no se comprobó. En nuestro trabajo relacionamos la positividad del anticuerpo anti-C1q con las manifestaciones clínicas, hematológicas e inmunológicas de la enfermedad. A diferencia de estudios previos sólo pudimos establecer una relación estadísticamente significativa con la vasculitis (p&0.001), la presencia de anti-DNAds (p 0.034), de anti-Sm (p 0.045) y el consumo de C3 (p 0.006). Se observó que los pacientes anti-C1q positivos desarrollan la enfermedad a edades más tempranas que los pacientes anti-C1q negativos. (p &0.005).

Asociación de Discapacitados de Lanzarote

El objetivo de nuestro prácticum y tema elegido para desarrollar en este contexto es la creación de un curso formativo dirigido a las personas de atención directa y técnicos que trabajan en el Centro de Día y Centro Residencial de la Asociación de Discapacitados de Lanzarote. El curso versará sobre los trastornos relacionados con la psicosis y trastornos del estado de ánimo que se pueden asociar a estos, centrándonos en los síntomas y su detección en clientes con discapacidad.

Compositional ideas in the bayesian analysis of categorical data with application to dose finding clinical trials

Compositional random vectors are fundamental tools in the Bayesian analysis of categorical data.Many of the issues that are discussed with reference to the statistical analysis of compositionaldata have a natural counterpart in the construction of a Bayesian statistical model for categoricaldata.This note builds on the idea of cross-fertilization of the two areas recommended by Aitchison (1986)in his seminal book on compositional data. Particular emphasis is put on the problem of whatparameterization to use

Estudios fármaco-genéticos de pacientes con infección por VIH-1 tratados con regimenes antirretrovirales basados en estavudina: asociación de los polimorfismos de la timidilato sintasa con los niveles intracelulares de estavudina trifosfato

L’activitat antiretroviral i la toxicitat de l’estavudina (d4T) depèn del seu metabòlit trifosfat (d4T-TP).Es varen determinar els nivells intracel•lulars de d4T-TP y els polimorfismes dels gens dels enzims la via del folat entre altres la timidilat sintasa (TS), la metilentetrahidrofolat reductasa (MTHFR), .... Els nivells intracel•lulars de d4T als malalts del estudi transversal amb un genotip d’alta expressió del TS van ser de 11.50 fmol/106 cels mentre que per aquells amb un genotip de baixa expressió, van ser de 20.65 (P = 0.0010). Els nivells intracel•lulars de d4T són determinats pels polimorfismes de timidilato sintasa.

El impacto de los acuerdos de asociación en las relaciones comerciales entre la Unión Europea y América Latina

Durant diverses dècades les relacions entre la Unió Europea (UE) i Amèrica Llatina es caracteritzaven pel model tradicional de "ajuda sense comerç" fins els anys 1995, que amb acords de quarta generació impulsar el començament del nou instrument. Els acords d'associació (AdA) introdueixen com una novetat tres pilars (diàleg polític, de cooperació i comercial) i centren l'atenció en les relacions comercials, liberalitzen el comerç i estableixen un nou model d'associació biregional. Aquest treball de recerca analitza els AdA de la UE amb països o grups de països llatinoamericans i el seu impacte en les relacions comercials entre la UE i Amèrica Llatina.

Ideas, Possibilities and Limitations of Sustainable Economic Policy – the Example of Ecological Economics

A mesura que el suport del creixement econòmic constitueix un objectiu fonamental de la formulació de polítiques econòmiques, cal assenyalar que aquest tipus de creixement està limitat naturalment per un planeta finit. Aquest article argumenta que, des del punt de vista de la justícia intergeneracional, la realització d'un concepte de desmaterialització i, com a efecte, d'una economia que no creix (en el sentit de dissociació absoluta del creixement econòmic i consum d'energia i materials) es pot justificar. Per tant, el creixement pot ser també entesa com la millora de la qualitat de vida sobretot en comptes d'ampliar quantitats escarpats de sortida. Per tant, una dràstica reducció del cabal de material es necessita, sobretot en els països d'alts ingressos. Després de presentar alguns crítica de les propostes, en el focus d'aquest article es dibuixen en els arguments de per què la política econòmica en el futur han de ser etiquetats com "ecològic" i, a continuació, les opcions de posar en acció les idees del teòric presentat marc en tasques manejables polítiques seran discutides. En aquest cas, s'argumentarà que l'enfocament clàssic de internalització d'efectes externs sovint seguides de decisions de política econòmica ortodoxa no és completament capaç de reflectir canvis ecològics en les estructures de preus dels mercats. Per tant, formal (industrial i l'establiment de la política de consum) i institucions informals (llars) representen punts clau de la política econòmica sostenible, assenyalant l'individu com així com la responsabilitat col · lectiva per omplir aquest buit substancial.