On-line teaching and Copyright : Any Hopes for an EU Harmonized Playground?

Education never fails to be mentioned ¿ and, often, mentioned first ¿ as a public interest that justifies an exception to copyright. Educational purposes were already present in the first version of the Berne Convention of 18862 and have remained there (although in revised language) ever since. The WIPO Copyright Treaty of 19963 expressly referred to education in its Preamble, when ¿Recognizing the need to maintain a balance between the rights of authors andthe larger public interest, particularly education, research and access to information, as reflected in the Berne Convention¿ (emphasis added). And morerecently, the EU Directive on Copyright in the Information Society4 stressed its goal ¿to promote learning and culture by protecting works and other subjectmatter while permitting exceptions or limitations in the public interest for the purpose of education and teaching¿ (Recital 14, emphasis added).

Granes per a l' arqueologia [Ressenya de l'article de Buxó i Capdevila, Ramón. Metodología y técnicas para la recuperación de restos vegetales (en especial referéncia a semillas y frutos) en yacimientos arqueológicos. Cahier Noir, núm. 5, 63 p. Girona, 1990]

Ressenya de l'article de Ramón Buxó i Capdevila,'Metodología y técnicas para la recuperación de restos vegetales (en especial referéncia a semillas y frutos) en yacimientos arqueológicos', publicat al número 5 de 'Cahier Noir' l'any 1991. Es reflexiona sobre les disciplines auxiliars de l' Arqueologia

Les pensions compensatòries de l'article 84 del Codi de família de Catalunya: proposta per la seva determinació i estudi dels seus efectes pels cònjugues deutor i creditor

El present projecte pretén representar una aproximació complerta a l'estudi de la pensió compensatòria regulada a l'article 84 del Codi de Família. Aquesta aproximació s'ha fet des de dos punts de vista diferents: d'una banda, a través de la definició d'un marc teòric relatiu al context normatiu de la pensió compensatòria, a la seva determinació, pagament i potencial modificació i d'altra banda, un punt de vista més aplicat a través de l'estudi de la jurisprudència del Tribunal Superior de Justícia de Catalunya que ha interpretat i aplicat l'article 84 del Codi de Família en seu de crisis matrimonials. Els principals resultats d'aquesta recerca fan referència essencialment a incorporar les noves tendències socials, familiars i econòmiques, d'una banda, definir la naturalesa de la pensió compensatòria i de l'altra, determinar la quantitat, modificació i modalitat de pagament de la pensió compensatòria. Des del punt de vista de la naturalesa d'aquesta pensió, aquesta va néixer amb l'objectiu de protegir les dones que principalment eren les que duien a terme el treball domèstic i per tant sortien més perjudicades patrimonialment en els moments de crisi matrimonial. Tot i que avui dia la gran majoria de pensions compensatòries encara són pagades pels marits, cal adaptar la nova realitat social de les dones i per tant de les famílies a la concepció i rol que la pensió compensatòria té en el moments de crisis matrimonials. D'altra banda, el nou rol dels cònjuges en la família i la simetria – encara no completa, però – d'homes i dones al mercat laboral fa que aquest treball de recerca defensi que la determinació, modificació i modalitat de pagament de la pensió compensatòria s'hagi de fer tenint en compte les possibilitats professionals que els cònjuges tenien abans de contraure matrimoni per tal de poder valorar acuradament les decisions que han pres i les possibilitats a les quals han renunciat per tal d'invertir a la vida familiar.

The CFSP/ESDP, Parliamentary Accountability, and the ´Future of Europe´ Convention debate

This paper examines the importance that the current Convention on the Future of Europe is giving (or not) to the question of democratic accountability in European foreign and defence policy. As all European Union (EU) member states are parliamentary democracies1, and as there is a European Parliament (EP) which also covers CFSP (Common Foreign and Security Policy) and ESDP (European Security and Defence Policy2) matters, I will concentrate on parliamentary accountability rather than democratic accountability more widely defined. Where appropriate, I will also refer to the work of other transnational parliamentary bodies such as the North Atlantic Assembly or NAA (NATO´s Parliamentary Assembly) or the Western European Union (WEU) Parliamentary Assembly3. The article will consist of three sections. First, I will briefly put the question under study within its wider context (section 1). Then, I will examine the current level of parliamentary accountability in CFSP and defence matters (section 2). Finally, I will consider the current Convention debate and assess how much attention is being given to the question of accountability in foreign and defence policies (section 3). This study basically argues that, once again, there is very little interest in an issue that should be considered as vital for the future democratic development of a European foreign and defence policy. It is important to note however that this paper does not cover the wider debate about how to democratise and make the EU more transparent and closer to its citizens. It concentrates on its Second Pillar because its claim is that very little if any attention is being given to this question

CB1 knockout mice display impaired functionality of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A/C receptors

Interaction between brain endocannabinoid (EC) and serotonin (5-HT) systems was investigated by examining 5-HT-dependent behavioural and biochemical responses in CB1 receptor knockout mice. CB1 knockout animals exhibited a significant reduction in the induction of head twitches and paw tremor by the 5-HT2A receptor selective agonist ()DOI, as well as a reduced hypothermic response following administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist (±)-8-OH-DPAT. Additionally, exposure to the tail suspension test induced enhanced despair responses in CB1 knockout mice. However, the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine and the 5-HT selective reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine induced similar decreases in the time of immobility in the tail suspension test in CB1 receptor knockout and wild-type mice. No differences were found between both genotypes with regard to 5-HT2A receptor and 5-HT1A receptors levels, measured by autoradiography in different brain areas. However, a significant decrease in the ability of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist (±)-8-OH-DPAT to stimulate 35SGTPS binding was detected in the hippocampal CA1 area of CB1 receptor knockout mice. This study provides evidence that CB1 receptors are involved in the regulation of serotonergic responses mediated by 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors, and suggests that a reduced coupling of 5-HT1A receptors to Gi/o proteins in the hippocampus might be involved in these effects.

Prominent use of distal 5’ transcription start sites and discovery of a large number of additional exons in ENCODE regions

This report presents systematic empirical annotation of transcript products from 399 annotated protein-coding loci across the 1% of the human genome targeted by the Encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) pilot project using a combination of 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and high-density resolution tiling arrays. We identified previously unannotated and often tissue- or cell-line-specific transcribed fragments (RACEfrags), both 5' distal to the annotated 5' terminus and internal to the annotated gene bounds for the vast majority (81.5%) of the tested genes. Half of the distal RACEfrags span large segments of genomic sequences away from the main portion of the coding transcript and often overlap with the upstream-annotated gene(s). Notably, at least 20% of the resultant novel transcripts have changes in their open reading frames (ORFs), most of them fusing ORFs of adjacent transcripts. A significant fraction of distal RACEfrags show expression levels comparable to those of known exons of the same locus, suggesting that they are not part of very minority splice forms. These results have significant implications concerning (1) our current understanding of the architecture of protein-coding genes; (2) our views on locations of regulatory regions in the genome; and (3) the interpretation of sequence polymorphisms mapping to regions hitherto considered to be "noncoding," ultimately relating to the identification of disease-related sequence alterations.

Informe de les Primeres Jornades Ensenyament-Arxius "Didàctica amb fonts d'arxiu" (Barcelona, 5-7 de setembre de 2002)

El passat mes de setembre se celebraren a Barcelona les Primeres Jornades Ensenyament-Arxius que, amb el títol "Didàctica amb fonts d'arxiu", naixien de l'interès d'un grup de professionals del món dels arxius i de l'educació per fomentar la comunicació i la reflexió entre arxivers i docents, conscients de les potencialitats didàctiques de l'arxiu i els seus fons.

Actas del IX Coloquio sobre lenguas y culturas paleohispánicas, Acta Palaeohispanica IX, Barcelona 20-24 de octubre de 2004, Palaeohispanica 5, Zaragoza, 1.150 p.

La revista Palaeohispánica, en su número cinco, ha realizado un meritorio y encomiable esfuerzo al acoger en su interior las Actas del IX Coloquio sobre lenguas y culturas paleohispánicas, celebrado en Barcelona los días 20 a 24 de octubre de 2004. Las 1.150 páginas del volumen pueden dar una idea de la complejidad de la tarea, de la que han sido editores J. Velaza Frías, F. Beltrán Lloris, C. Jordán Cólera y B. Díaz Ariño. En la nota editorial que precede al volumen los responsables dejan claras dos satisfacciones, que sin duda alguna compartirán todos aquéllos que se dedican a temas relacionados con la antigua Hispania: la coincidencia del primer lustro de vida de una revista multidisciplinar y las dos décadas alcanzadas por los ya veteranos coloquios, que, con el mismo fin, han venido reuniendo un número creciente de investigadores.

Valoración quirúrgica del 5º radio

Este trabajo hace un repaso de la biomecánica y patomecánica del pie, además de describir la etiologíay la clínica del quintus varus y del 5º dedo en martillo. El autor describe un test valorativo pre- y post-quirúrgico para el 5º radio, así como las técnicasquirúrgicas de 5º radio habituales.

Crystallization and properties of poly(ethylene terephtalate) copolymers containing 5-tert-butyl isophtalic units

The influence of incorporating 5-tert-butyl isophthalic units (tBI) in the polymer chain of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) on the crystallization behavior, crystal structure, and tensile and gas transport properties of this polyester was evaluated. Random poly(ethyleneterephthalate-co-5-tert-butyl isophthalate) copolyesters (PETtBI) containing between 5 and 40 mol% of tBI units were examined. Isothermal crystallization studies were performed on amorphous glassy films at 120 8C and on molten samples at 200 8C by means of differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, the non-isothermal crystallization behavior of the copolyesters was investigated. It was observed that both crystallinity and crystallization rate of the PETtBI copolyesters tend to decrease largely with the comonomeric content, except for the copolymer containing 5 mol% of tBI units, which crystallized faster than PET. Fiber X-ray diffraction patterns of the semicrystalline PETtBI copolyesters proved that they adopt the same triclinic crystal structure as PET with the comonomeric units being excluded from the crystalline phase. Although PETtBI copolyesters became brittle for higher contents in tBI, the tensile modulus and strength of PET were barely affected by copolymerization. The ncorporation of tBI units slightly increased the permeability of PET, but copolymers containing up to 20 mol% of the comonomeric units were still able to present barrier properties.

Lvpercal: Nota a livio 1, 5, 1

In Livius 1,5,1 the reading Lupercal hoc ludicrum has been interpreted with the meaning of Lupercal game or festivity; however, this interpretation goes against the use in Latin of the singular form Lupercal, wich is used to refer to the cavern and not to the games, wich are always referred to with theplural form Lupercalia. Lexical reasons suggest that Lupercal should also be interpreted here in its usual local sense.