Mobile termination, network externalities, and consumer expectations

We re-examine the literature on mobile termination in the presence of network externalities. Externalities arise when firms discriminate between on- and off-net calls or when subscription demand is elastic. This literature predicts that profit decreases and consumer surplus increases in termination charge in a neighborhood of termination cost. This creates a puzzle since in reality we see regulators worldwide pushing termination rates down while being opposed by network operators. We show that this puzzle is resolved when consumers' expectations are assumed passive but required to be fulfilled in equilibrium (as defined by Katz and Shapiro, AER 1985), instead of being rationally responsive to non-equilibrium prices, as assumed until now.

Sistema de validació amb proveïdor deidentitat extern per a serveis de VideoOn Demand

El producte a realitzar es composa de 2 aplicacions web, 1 Web Service i 1applet, tots ells desenvolupats utilitzant la tecnologia J2EE 6.0. S¿ha escollitla versió J2EE de Java, per la facilitat que proporciona perdesenvolupaments web i client-servidor.

Agglomeration-effects in Europe

The paper estimates agglomeration-effects for France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK. Estimation takes into account endogeneity of the spatial distribution ofemployment and spatial fixed-effects. Empirical resultssuggest that agglomeration-effects in these Europeancountries are only slightly smaller than agglomeration-effects in the US: the estimated elasticity of average-labor-productivity with respect to employment-density is 4.5 percent compared to 5 percent in the US.