Redrawing Tarraco

The city of Tarragona houses an important architectural heritage mainly from its past as ‘Tarraco’, capital of the Roman province of Hispania Citerior, but also from its medieval and late 19th century history. The archaeological ensemble of Tarraco was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2000, but although many efforts have been devoted by archaeologists and historians to unveil and understand the history and aspect of the Roman city, many aspects remain unknown. This is largely caused by the absence of a coherent body of historiographical material, which is todays cattered across several institutions and, specially, the lack of precise and useful graphical representations of the remains and of the existing city that allows in-depth analysis and interpretations of future findings. In recent years, researchers from the Catalan Institute of Classical Archaeology (ICAC) and the Architecture School of the URV (ETSA) have teamed up to produce comprehensive, detailed graphic materials, including a new set of plans and sections of the old city, of the grandiose areas of representation of the Provincial capital, and of the hidden structures beneath the city’s surface. These have been executed with the latest technologies (fotogrammetry, laser scanning) but also with traditional methods (measurement, topography), on t op of a mixture of existing materials (hand-drafted cartography from municipal master plans) and of historical and archaeological documentation.

A revision of the revaluation index of Spanish pensions

This article reviews the methodological aspects of the revaluation index of Spanish pensions developed following Law 23/2013 which regulates the sustainability factor and revaluation index of the Social Security pension system. From a gradual breakdown of the elements that make up the revaluation index, an exposition is given of the formal and implementation problems it involves. Finally, its use is illustrated with numerical results.

A revision of the revaluation index of Spanish pensions

This article reviews the methodological aspects of the revaluation index of Spanish pensions developed following Law 23/2013 which regulates the sustainability factor and revaluation index of the Social Security pension system. From a gradual breakdown of the elements that make up the revaluation index, an exposition is given of the formal and implementation problems it involves. Finally, its use is illustrated with numerical results.

Infraestructuras y desarrollo económico en España, 1860-1936

Durante el último medio siglo se ha producido un movimiento constante de aproximación entre las economías que hoy forman la Unión Europea. Tan sólo algunas escasas y pasajeras vacilaciones han enturbiado un proceso que ha sido intenso y persistente. El fenómeno en sí mismo ha constituido la mejor confirmación de la teoría del crecimiento neoclásica, según la cual, cuando un conjunto de economías con rasgos estructurales relativamente similares inicia un proceso de integración, es de esperar un movimiento de convergencia entre sus niveles de renta per cápita. Sin embargo, la experiencia de este pasado inmediato contrasta con momentos más remotos en el tiempo, en los cuales el incremento de intercambios entre las economías europeas no se tradujo en absoluto en una aproximación mutua. A lo largo del medio siglo anterior a la Primera Guerra Mundial, a pesar de la intensa profundización en sus relaciones, las economías europeas adolecieron de una marcada incapacidad para converger entre sí. La economía española, en concreto, mantuvo inalterada su distancia relativa con respecto a los países más desarrollados de Europa y fue incapaz de adelantarse mínimamente en la carrera del crecimiento.