Dilemas implicativos, psicopatologia e construção do self: mudança durante o primeiro ano da Universidade.

O objectivo deste estudo foi comparar os indicadores de sintomatologia psicológica, competências de resolução de problemas e de construção pessoal, quando avaliados no início e no final do primeiro ano da Universidade. Analisámos também os preditores quer de sintomatologia psicológica, quer de competências de resolução de problemas avaliadas no final do ano lectivo. Vinte e oito estudantes do primeiro ano da Universidade do Minho, preencheram uma medida de sintomatologia psicológica (SCL-90-R), uma medida de competências de resolução de problemas (IRP) e a grelha de repertório para análise da sua construção pessoal. Os resultados indicam uma diminuição significativa na sintomatologia e um aumento significativo da auto-estima, no segundo período de avaliação. Verificámos que a sintomatologia e as competências manifestadas no início do ano são, respectivamente, os melhores preditores de sintomatologia e competências no final do ano. Os resultados são discutidos sublinhando as implicações para a promoção da adaptação dos estudantes universitários.

From "being to the self" to "become to be": on development of autonomy construction in nursing students

Objective: To understand nursing student's self-consciousness and his/her autonomy in the discipline of fundamentals of professional care in the context of a liberating pedagogical proposal. Methodology. This qualitative, case-based research in the model of Ludke and André involved 14 students participating in the discipline. Data were collected by non-participatory observation and analysis of documents. Field observation was conducted from March to July 2010 and data were collected according to the proposal of Minayo: pre-analysis, exploration of material and treatment of results. Results. We constructed two thematic units of analysis: from "being to the self" and exercise of "become to be". Conclusion. When nursing students feel more liberty, they have the opportunity to substitute the scary prospect of learning something new material to something that motivates their curiosity and leads them to become more autonomous.

Hospital doctors' views and concerns about pharmacovigilance

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the opinions and concerns of hospital doctors about adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and pharmacovigilance. Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken using focus groups in sessions on pharmacovigilance activities conducted in thirteen clinical services of a tertiary university hospital. A total of 296 physicians participated in these sessions by giving their opinions or expressing their doubts about ADR and pharmacovigilance activities which were recorded by different observers and subsequently analysed. Results: Doctors remarked on: a) the importance, concern, frequency and specific types of ADRs that were observed in clinical practice; b) problems of clinical decision making related to the suspected ADRs; c) methods for improving detection and reporting ADRs; d) monitoring of specific ADRs or ADRs caused by specific drugs; e) and measures to prevent and minimize the risk of ADRs. Physicians expressed doubts related to: a) the basic concepts of ADRs; b) the methods of ADR identification and evaluation; c) the objectives and procedures of pharmacovigilance programmes; d) and the impact of pharmacovigilance activities. Conclusions: Hospital doctors believe that ADRs are a matter for concern in their daily clinical practice, and monitoring ADRs as well as measures for preventing the risk of ADRs are needed. Nevertheless, doctors have doubts about what an ADR is, the accuracy of diagnostic methods, the development of pharmacovigilance activities and their impact on clinical practice. Pharmacovigilance should be better explained through a continuous feedback and close relationship with hospital doctors.