Consideraciones generales acerca de la romanización de las tribus galaicas

Para el estudio de la etapa cultural referente a la conquista militar romana y la posterior romanización del territorio noroccidental de la Península Ibética, que comprende las actuales provincias gallegas, el norte de Portugal desde el Duero y la parte occidental de Asturias desde el río Navia, disponemos de fuentes escritas y arqueológicas. Varios autores - Estrabón, Plinio, Mela, Ptolomeo, Apiano, Tito Livio, Orosio, Floro, Plutarco, Eutropio, Veleyo, Ampelio, Salustio, Dion Casio, César entre otros - nos proporcionan, en sus escritos, noticias dispersas acerca de las luchas sostenidas entre' las tribus galaicas y los ejércitos romanos. Únicamente Plinio, Mela y Ptolomeo nos describen las medidas administrativas llevadas a cabo después de la conquista militar. Las fuentes callan por completo en cuanto se da por finalizado el período de conquista, por lo que el estudio de la etapa siguiente ha de basarse en los datos arqueológicos que permitirán establecer el grado de romanización alcanzado por el territorio. El panorama que nos presentan las fuentes es muy confuso. Las citas de que disponemos son muy breves y de su estudio se deduce que Roma no dio a esta zona la importancia conferida a otras zonas del resto de la Península, como la Celtiberia o Lusitania, de las que se han conservado el recuerdo minucioso de los hechos militares, así como de los caudillos que los protagonizaron.

Earliest known use of marine resources by neanderthals

Numerous studies along the northern Mediterranean borderland have documented the use of shellfish by Neanderthals but none of these finds are prior to Marine Isotopic Stage 3 (MIS 3). In this paper we present evidence that gathering and consumption of mollusks can now be traced back to the lowest level of the archaeological sequence at Bajondillo Cave (Málaga, Spain), dated during the MIS 6. The paper describes the taxonomical and taphonomical features of the mollusk assemblages from this level Bj19 and briefly touches upon those retrieved in levels Bj18 (MIS 5) and Bj17 (MIS 4), evidencing a continuity of the shellfishing activity that reaches to MIS 3. This evidence is substantiated on 29 datings through radiocarbon, thermoluminescence and U series methods. Obtained dates and paleoenvironmental records from the cave include isotopic, pollen, lithostratigraphic and sedimentological analyses and they are fully coherent with paleoclimate conditions expected for the different stages. We conclude that described use of shellfish resources by Neanderthals (H. neanderthalensis) in Southern Spain started ~150 ka and were almost contemporaneous to Pinnacle Point (South Africa), when shellfishing is first documented in archaic modern humans.

Recerques sobre el comerç baix-imperial del nordest de la Península Ibèrica

Aquestes recerques recolzen basicament en les poques dades escrites - indosa l'epigrafia - que encaixen dins la sincronia de la darrera antiguitat i que fan referencia al nord-est de la Península o bé permeten endinsar-nos una mica més en el :coneixement de l'activitat comercial d'aquest momento . A la informació que hem collit deIs textos hi afegim, bé que d'una manera molt succinta, les dades tangibles fornides per la numismatica i l'arqueologia intentant així, quan és possible, traspuar un xic més els barratges que s'aixequen davant l'arada que mena i empeny l'investigador. La punyent escassetat quantitativa i qualitativa de les fonts d'aquesta epoca encara s'aguditza més a l'hora de rastrejar la informació que ens puguin proporcionar devers l'activitat comercial i, d'altra banda, no cal dir que aquesta parquedat lcondiciona, i adhuc ens atreviríem a dir que determina, els resultats que es poden obtenir d'aquest període, ja que sovint hom no pot recórrer altres viaranys. Així, per exemple, els textos literaris, de conservació rara i atzarosa, solament ens donen petites dades sobre el comer9 llunya que solcava la Mediterrania i es marceixen a l'hora de valorar els intercanvis locals i més o menys restringits, els quals a moltes zones i moltes vegades tenen, versemblantment, una importancia molt més rellevant que el mercadeig de llarg recorregut cenyit a un nombre relativament limitat de productes.

Àmfora amb inscripció llatina i grafit ibèric

Presentem una amfora que pertany des de fa molts anys a la Col·lecció Martínez de la Guardia de Lloret de Mar, La Selva 1. Es desconeix ellloc exacte on va ser trobada, pero suposem que aparegué en aigües de la Costa Brava, no gaire lluny del litoral de Lloret de Mar; no sabem si fou una troballa ai1lada o acompanyada d'altres materials.

Producción y comercio de cereal en el NE de la Península Ibérica entre los siglos VI-II a.c.

Análisis de la problemática de la producción de excedentes cerealísticos en el ámbito de la Cultura Ibérica del NE. peninsular, así como de su posterior comercialización, a través de Emporion y Massalia, hacia los mercados del Mediterráneo central y el Atica. El estudio se basa en la comparación de la información proporcionada por las fuentes clásicas, con la obtenida mediante modelos teóricos de productividad.

Terracotas femeninas de aspecto ibérico en Cataluña y Aragón

Se dan a conocer algunas terracotas inéditas o dispersamente publicadas, con el fm de reflexionar sobre el deficiente estado de la coroplastia ibérica en el nordeste peninsular, Para ello, nos centramos en una parte de las mismas, las representaciones femeninas de aspecto ibérico; un grupo de figuritas que poseen una serie de afmidades, a pesar de haberse hallado en lugares distantes y en condiciones diversas, lo que se ha traducido a veces en fechaciones arcaizantes, hecho que, asimismo, debería cuestionarse. Las cronologías que se deducen, a tenor de los pocos hallazgos precisables, entran ya, en algunos casos, en momentos muy romanizados y no son ajenas al debate sobre el componente autóctono en ésta parte de la Hispania romana y su dimensión religiosa.

El profesor Juan Maluquer de Motes y los estudios sobre Tartessos

La investigación sobre Tartessos fue siempre una de la líneas de trabajo favoritas del Prof. Maluquer de Motes, quien, en el momento de definir la que constituyó su última gran línea de investigación, el programa PIP (Programa de Investigación Protohistórica), prestó una especial atención al estudio de las comunidades prerromanas de Andalucía y Extremadura, especialmente tartesias e iberas, destacando entre los trabajos publicados en este marco las intervenciones de Ma . E. Aubet en la necrópolis de Setefilla (Lora del Río, Sevilla), y del propio Maluquer de Motes en el palacio-santuario de Cancho Roano (Zalamea de la Serena, Badajoz).

New magnetotelluric data trough the boundary between the Ossa Morena and Centroiberian Zones

The south-western part of the Iberian Peninsula, including the southern branch of the Iberian Massif, has recently been the subject of several magnetotelluric (MT) studies. This area is made up of three different tectonic terranes: the South Portuguese Zone (SPZ), the Ossa Morena Zone (OMZ) and the Central Iberian Zone (CIZ). The boundaries between these zones are considered to be sutures, which appear as high electrical conductivity anomalies in the MT surveys. The OMZ is characterised by a conductive layer at middle-lower crustal levels. To investigate the continuity of this conductive layer into the CIZ, a new MT profile was carried out. This 75-km long ENE profile goes through the boundary between the OMZ and the CIZ. The results of a two-dimensional magnetotelluric inversion revealed a high-conductivity anomaly in the transition OMZ/CIZ (the so-called Central Unit), which is interpreted as due to interconnected graphite along shear planes. High-conductivity anomalies appeared in the middle crust of the CIZ, whose geometry and location are consistent with the conductive layer previously found in the OMZ, thus confirming the prolongation of the conductive layer into the CIZ. The top of this layer correlated spatially with a broad reflector detected by a seismic profile previously acquired in the same area. This, together with other geological and petrological evidence, points to a common origin for both features.

Combined use of the GGSFT data base and on Board Marine Collected Data to Model the Moho Beneath the Powell Basin, Antarctica

The Powell Basin is a small oceanic basin located at the NE end of the Antarctic Peninsula developed during the Early Miocene and mostly surrounded by the continental crusts of the South Orkney Microcontinent, South Scotia Ridge and Antarctic Peninsula margins. Gravity data from the SCAN 97 cruise obtained with the R/V Hespérides and data from the Global Gravity Grid and Sea Floor Topography (GGSFT) database (Sandwell and Smith, 1997) are used to determine the 3D geometry of the crustal-mantle interface (CMI) by numerical inversion methods. Water layer contribution and sedimentary effects were eliminated from the Free Air anomaly to obtain the total anomaly. Sedimentary effects were obtained from the analysis of existing and new SCAN 97 multichannel seismic profiles (MCS). The regional anomaly was obtained after spectral and filtering processes. The smooth 3D geometry of the crustal mantle interface obtained after inversion of the regional anomaly shows an increase in the thickness of the crust towards the continental margins and a NW-SE oriented axis of symmetry coinciding with the position of an older oceanic spreading axis. This interface shows a moderate uplift towards the western part and depicts two main uplifts to the northern and eastern sectors.

Volcanic stratigraphy of Hannah Point, Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

The Upper Cretaceous volcanic succession of Hannah Point is the best exposure of the Antarctic Peninsula Volcanic Group on L ivingston Island. The aim of the present paper is to contribute to the characterisation of the stratigr a p hy and petrogr a p hy of this little studied succession, and briefly discuss some aspects of the eru p t ive style of its volcanism. The succession is about 470 m thick and is here subdivided into five lithostratigraphic units (A to E from base to top). Unit A, approximately 120 m thick, is mainly composed of polymict clast-supported volcaniclastic breccias and also includes a dacitic lava laye r. Interstratified in the breccias of this unit, there is a thin laminated devitrified layer which shows some degree of welding. Unit B, approx imately 70 m thick, is almost entirely composed of volcaniclastic breccias, and includes a volcaniclastic conglomerate laye r. Breccias in this unit can be subdivided into two distinct types; polymict clast-supported breccias, and monomict matrix-supported breccias rich in juvenile components and displaying incipient welding. Unit C, about 65 m thick, is mainly composed of basaltic lavas, which are interlayered with minor vo lcaniclastic breccias. Unit D, approximately 65 m thick, is lithologically similar to unit B, composed of an alternation of polymict clasts upported breccias and matrix-supported breccias, and includes a volcaniclastic conglomerate laye r. Unit E, about 150 m thick, is mainly formed of thick andesitic lava layers. Minor basaltic dykes and a few normal faults cut the succession, and the contact betwe e n units A and B can be interpreted both as an unconformity or a fault. The matrix-supported breccias included in the succession of Hannah Point have high contents of juvenile components and incipient welding, which suggest that part of the succession is the result of pyroclastic fragmentation and emplacement from pyroclastic flows. In contrast, the polymict clast-supported breccias suggest reworking of previous deposits and deposition from cool mass flows. The lavas indicate eff u s ive volcanic eruptions, and the absence of features indicative of subaqueous volcanism suggests that at least these portions of the succession were emplaced in a subaerial environment .

Origin of a restraining bend in an evolving strike-slip system: The Cenozoic As Pontes basin (NW Spain)

The As Pontes basin (12 km2), NW Iberian Peninsula, is bounded by a double restraining bend of a dextral strike-slip fault, which is related to the western onshore end of the Pyrenean belt. Surface and subsurface data obtained from intensive coal exploration and mining in the basin since the 1960s together with additional structural and stratigraphic sequence analysis allowed us to determine the geometric relationships between tectonic structures and stratigraphic markers. The small size of the basin and the large amount of quality data make the As Pontes basin a unique natural laboratory for improving our understanding of the origin and evolution of restraining bends. The double restraining bend is the end stage of the structural evolution of a compressive underlapping stepover, where the basin was formed. During the first stage (stepover stage), which began ca. 30 Ma ago (latest Rupelian) and lasted 3.4 My, two small isolated basins bounded by thrusts and normal faults were formed. For 1.3 My, the strike-slip faults, which defined the stepover, grew towards each other until joining and forming the double restraining bend, which bounds one large As Pontes basin (transition stage). The history of the basin was controlled by the activity of the double restraining bend for a further 3.4 My (restraining bend stage) and ended in mid-Aquitanian times (ca. 22 Ma).

Auto- and allopolyploidy in Centaurea sect. Acrocentron s.l. (Asteraceae, Cardueae): karyotype and chromosome banding pattern analyses

Dysploidy and polyploidy are well documented in the large genus Centaurea, especially in sect. Acrocentron and in a small group of species from the Iberian Peninsula described as sect. Chamaecyanus, closely related to Acrocentron. We have explored two interesting cases of polyploid series in both sections: the polyploid series of Centaurea toletana in sect. Chamaecyanus and the series of C. ornata group in sect. Acrocentron. We have carried out a karyological study using both classic karyotype analyses and chromosome banding with fluorochromes.

Dos combinaciones nuevas y un comentario corologico en el genero Delphinium L.

En el herbario del Conservatorio Botánico de Ginebra (G) existe un pliego perteneciente a los exsiccata de F. Schultz (Herb. Normal, nov. ser., cent. 26, n.° 2503), que suponemos se encuentra también en alguna otra institución botánica, con la siguiente indicación de localidad: «In monte Serra de Marsanto, haud procul ab urbe Olisipone. Lusitania / Sept. 1888 / A.R.da Cuntía.». La identidad del ejemplar no ofrece dudas: la forma del nectario, con el limbo no constreñido abruptamente en la uña, sino suavemente decurrente hacia la base (contorno claviforme), permite diferenciarlo de las especies próximas D. verdunense, D. halteratum y D. gracile

Cystoseira abies marina (Gmelin) C. Agardh (Phaeophyceae) en el Mediterraneo Iberico

Hs, MURCIA: Murcia, Cala del Burro, 29 m de profundidad, 3-VIII-1989, J. Soto and A. Gómez Garreta, BCF 6090, 6091. Dos ejemplares recolectados en el transcurso de una inmersión con escafandra autónoma.

Taxonomia del grupo Anthyllis henoniana Coss. (Leguminosae): A. lugabcana, nom. nov.

Con motivo de la síntesis de Anthyllis para Flora iberica ha sido necesario revisar la nomenclatura y la taxonomía del agregado de Anthyllis henoniana, en el que se han incluido las Anthyllis sufruticosas inermes con glomérulos pauciflorus (4-7 flores), hojas subdísticas y folíolos pulvinulados. En este grupo se han reunido dos especies (A. henoniana Coss. y A. subsimplex Pomel) descritas de las estepas desérticas argelinas, junto a otra (A. sericea Lag.) descrita de los matorrales pedregosocalcáreos de Albacete. Los tres nombres han recibido diversos tratamientos taxonómicos, desde ser considerados como coespecíficos (JAFRI & ELGADI, Fl. Lybia 86:114.1980), hasta como tres entidades específicas independientes [BATTANDIER in BATTANDIER & TRABUT, Fl. Algérie (Dicot.) 1:250. 1889), o como dos especies distintas (GREUTER and al., Med-Checklist4:6-7.1989].