El perfil del candidato

Somos un grupo de 4 chicas que estudiamos el Grado de Ciencias Empresariales - Management, por lo tanto nuestras inquietudes laborales en el futuro son más o menos parecidas. Pensamos que este Trabajo de Fin de Grado es una herramienta que nos ayudará a poner en práctica todos los conocimientos adquiridos durante estos tres años y una buena referencia que podemos tener en cuenta cuando entremos de lleno en el mundo laboral recién graduadas. Este año, finalizamos la carrera universitaria, y aunque la mayoría de nosotras continúe con sus estudios posteriores, tendremos que comenzar a acceder al mundo laboral. Tal y como está la situación laboral actualmente creemos necesario estudiar en profundidad y en consecuencia los procesos de selección por los que tendremos pasar en un futuro próximo. Actualmente, y cada vez más, las empresas piden ciertos requisitos técnicos a los candidatos para poder acceder finalmente, al puesto de trabajo. Esta circunstancia se ha visto aumentada con la recesión que estamos viviendo durante estos últimos años. Es por este motivo, que con este trabajo, queremos observar si existe una fórmula exacta para pasar los procesos de selección con éxito, o por lo contrario, estos procesos, varían en consonancia con la empresa a la que se desea acceder. Hemos considerado conveniente, elegir este tema, ya que cada vez, es más difícil poder acceder a un puesto de trabajo. No obstante, antes de haber profundizado en el estudio del trabajo, creemos que, la mejor manera de conseguirlo, es ir bien preparado a la entrevista de trabajo. Esta preparación puede aumentar en cierta medida la autoconfianza y tranquilidad. De esta manera, se contribuirá a una mejor actuación y consecuentemente, un mejor resultado en cualquier entrevista de trabajo. Una vez hayamos profundizado en el estudio de la selección de personal, podremos contrastar nuestra hipótesis inicial.

Economic and legal analysis of mandatory non-recourse mortgages with applications to Spain

“The liquidity crisis of the Spanish banks is largely due to the lack of confidence of foreign investors and, therefore, the changes that occur in the legislation should not affect the credibility, stability, legal certainty, predictability that markets expect”.Sergio Nasarre (2011)In the current situation of economic crisis, many people have found they can no longer pay back the mortgage loans that were granted to them in order to purchase a dwelling. It is for this reason that, in light of the economic, political and social problems this poses, our paper studies the state of the Spanish real-estate system and of foreclosure, paying special attention to the solution that has been proposed recently as the best option for debtors that cannot make their mort-gage payments: non-recourse mortgaging. We analyze this proposal from legal and economic perspectives in order to fully understand the effects that this change could imply. At the same time, this paper will also examine several alternatives we believe would ameliorate the situation of mortgage-holders, among them legal reforms, mortgage insurance, and non-recourse mortgaging itself.

Què provoca la sobrequalificació universitària a Espanya?

En l’estudi que es presenta a continuació pretenem trobar resposta a una qüestió realment complexa, què causa la sobrequalificació universitària a Espanya, especialment durant la última dècada. Entenem per sobrequalificació aquelles persones que tenen una formació superior a la necessària per la feina que duen a terme en el seu lloc de treball.Ens basarem en l’existència d’un desajust entre l’oferta (sistema educatiu) i la demanda de treballadors qualificats, principal causa de la sobrequalificació. D’aquesta manera, estructurarem el treball en dos grans blocs, analitzant l’oferta i la demanda de forma independent. Més concretament, descriurem la situació actual i els factors que originen aquest fenomen.Tot això permetrà al lector entendre què provoca aquesta sobrequalificació amb més detall.

Generic brands and product differentiation strategies

Generic or own brand products were initially only lesser expensive copies of the branded label alternative, but nowadays, pricing alone is not enough in order to survive in the Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) or Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG)markets. With this in mind manufacturers of generic brands have adapted to this rapidlygrowing niche by investing in design and marketing during the initial phase in order to be perceived as having a quality product comparable to that of the branded products. In addition, they have gone further ahead with a second phase and resorted to innovativeproduct differentiation strategies and even pure innovation in many cases. These strategies have granted generic brands constantly increasing market shares and a position of equals relative to national brands.Using previous analyses and case studies, this paper will provide conceptual and empirical evidence to explain the surprisingly fast growth and penetration of generic supermarket brands, which in their relatively short lifespan, have grown to rival the historical market leaders, the branded products. According to this analysis, the main conclusion is that the growth in generic brands can be explained not only by price competition, but also by the use of innovative product differentiation strategies.

The External validity in economic experiments

One of the most important questions regarding experimental economics is the external validity of laboratory experiments. This paper goes through a study that tests the generalizability of a Dictator Game as a laboratory analogue for a naturally occurringdecision-making context of teacher absenteeism. Because lab and naturally-occurring environments systematically differ we then discuss other factors that might strongly affect the choices that individuals make. We conclude that the dichotomy drawn between labexperiments and data collected from natural settings is a false one. A combination of the two would provide deeper and better insights than either separately.

Selecció dels paràmetres de fabricació per CN per obtenir acabats òptims mitjançant una eina CAM

L’ús dels sistemes CAD/CAM s’ha fet un lloc important a les indústries en què intervenen els processos de mecanització, ja que aquests softwares redueixen el temps per crear un programa de control numèric i permeten mecanitzar superfícies complicades de dues i tres dimensions. La introducció en el mercat d’aquests sistemes de fabricació assistida per ordinador ha fet que apareguessin un elevat nombre de paràmetres de control associats a cada un dels cicles de mecanització. L’elecció del cicle i dels paràmetres repercuteix també en el temps de tall, l’acabat superficial, la vida i el desgast de l’eina, i en el preu final de la peça entre d’altres. L’equip d’investigació del GREPP (Grup de Recerca en Enginyeria de Procés, Producte i Producció) va fer un estudi previ de diferents paràmetres, controlant quatre estratègies de mecanització i tres paràmetres de procés, del sistema CAM per tal d’obtenir el millor acabat superficial. L’objecte del projecte final de carrera és fer noves experimentacions de la investigació iniciada pel grup de recerca del GREPP, ampliant les geometries i algun factor de control per tal de tenir un major nombre de dades i així, poder saber el comportament que tenen aquests factors en el temps de tall i la rugositat superficial

Disseny d'espais ideals a una llar d'infants

És el moment de donar a conèixer tot el que s’ha après durant el Grau en Mestre d’Educació Infantil. Es tracta d’una part molt important del nostre camí com a aprenents ja que demostra els interessos que tenim i els objectius que volem aconseguir. A continuació es podrà observar un treball pensat en dissenyar espais ideals que haurien de tenir les llars d’infants. Sempre es pot millorar, però aquest projecte en fa una idea general i detallada de com seria, des del meu punt de vista, una llar d’infants ideal.

Els beneficis de la música a l'aula inclusiva: les emocions a l'aula infantil

Aquest Treball de Final de Grau en Mestre d’Educació Infantil, i especialitat en menció inclusiva, té com a objectiu analitzar els beneficis de la música a les aules inclusives de parvulari de l’escola Jacint Verdaguer de Santa Eugènia de Berga. La música no només ajuda a desenvolupar el sentit de l’oïda, del tacte i el llenguatge, sinó que també millora la capacitat d’improvisació i la creativitat. A més, redueix barreres pel que fa a la participació i a l’aprenentatge de tots els alumnes i promou el treball en grup i d’una forma emocional. Podem dir, doncs, que la música és integradora, uneix cultures i crea noves formes d’expressió musical. El meu paper en el projecte és totalment actiu. Es porten a terme quatre activitats relacionades amb l’àmbit musical per tal de fer un anàlisi exhaustiu i de deduir quines són les emocions que provoca la música. Per tant, aquesta recerca pretén, d’una banda, donar coneixements més profunds sobre la relació entre música i educació emocional i, de l’altra, portar a terme algunes activitats per analitzar les reaccions d’infants de diferents edats. Per finalitzar aquest treball d’investigació, s’aporten unes conclusions sobre el paper de la música a l’aprenentatge.

On the approximation of the subgrid scale for systems of equations

Postprint (published version)

The economics of infertility

Infertility is a growing issue that affects thousands of Spanish couples; increasingly there are more and more people who cannot raise a family by themselves. Instead they have to resort to ART, adoption -local or international- or surrogacy abroad, a practice that many couples consider but that isn’t legalized in Spain. In this paper we have broken down each option in detail by analysing the market, differentiating its variants and specific steps, calculating its “price” and suggesting possible improvements that could be made from an economic perspective. We end our paper with the “SWOT” analysis of a hypothetical surrogacy market in Spain by calculating an estimated price, using the US as a reference, and the degree of acceptance it would have, based on the results of random surveys.

Application of theoretical models to financial innovation

The present paper is aimed at providing a general strategic overview of the existing theoretical models that have applications in the field of financial innovation. Whereas most financialdevelopments have relied upon traditional economic tools, a new stream of research is defining a novel paradigm in which mathematical models from diverse scientific disciplines are being applied to conceptualize and explain economic and financial behavior. Indeed, terms such as ‘econophysics’ or ‘quantum finance’ have recently appeared to embrace efforts in this direction. As a first contact with such research, the project will present a brief description of some of the main theoretical models that have applications in finance and economics, and will try to present, if possible, potential new applications to particular areas in financial analysis, or new applicable models. As a result, emphasiswill be put on the implications of this research for the financial sector and its future dynamics.

The underestimation of compliance to direct help requests explained by adaptive sampling

Helping behavior is any intentional behavior that benefits another living being or group (Hogg & Vaughan, 2010). People tend to underestimate the probability that others will comply with their direct requests for help (Flynn & Lake, 2008). This implies that when they need help, they will assess the probability of getting it (De Paulo, 1982, cited in Flynn & Lake, 2008) and then they will tend to estimate one that is actually lower than the real chance, so they may not even consider worth asking for it. Existing explanations for this phenomenon attribute it to a mistaken cost computation by the help seeker, who will emphasize the instrumental cost of “saying yes”, ignoring that the potential helper also needs to take into account the social cost of saying “no”. And the truth is that, especially in face-to-face interactions, the discomfort caused by refusing to help can be very high. In short, help seekers tend to fail to realize that it might be more costly to refuse to comply with a help request rather than accepting. A similar effect has been observed when estimating trustworthiness of people. Fetchenhauer and Dunning (2010) showed that people also tend to underestimate it. This bias is reduced when, instead of asymmetric feedback (getting feedback only when deciding to trust the other person), symmetric feedback (always given) was provided. This cause could as well be applicable to help seeking as people only receive feedback when they actually make their request but not otherwise. Fazio, Shook, and Eiser (2004) studied something that could be reinforcing these outcomes: Learning asymmetries. By means of a computer game called BeanFest, they showed that people learn better about negatively valenced objects (beans in this case) than about positively valenced ones. This learning asymmetry esteemed from “information gain being contingent on approach behavior” (p. 293), which could be identified with what Fetchenhauer and Dunning mention as ‘asymmetric feedback’, and hence also with help requests. Fazio et al. also found a generalization asymmetry in favor of negative attitudes versus positive ones. They attributed it to a negativity bias that “weights resemblance to a known negative more heavily than resemblance to a positive” (p. 300). Applied to help seeking scenarios, this would mean that when facing an unknown situation, people would tend to generalize and infer that is more likely that they get a negative rather than a positive outcome from it, so, along with what it was said before, people will be more inclined to think that they will get a “no” when requesting help. Denrell and Le Mens (2011) present a different perspective when trying to explain judgment biases in general. They deviate from the classical inappropriate information processing (depicted among other by Fiske & Taylor, 2007, and Tversky & Kahneman, 1974) and explain this in terms of ‘adaptive sampling’. Adaptive sampling is a sampling mechanism in which the selection of sample items is conditioned by the values of the variable of interest previously observed (Thompson, 2011). Sampling adaptively allows individuals to safeguard themselves from experiences they went through once and turned out to lay negative outcomes. However, it also prevents them from giving a second chance to those experiences to get an updated outcome that could maybe turn into a positive one, a more positive one, or just one that regresses to the mean, whatever direction that implies. That, as Denrell and Le Mens (2011) explained, makes sense: If you go to a restaurant, and you did not like the food, you do not choose that restaurant again. This is what we think could be happening when asking for help: When we get a “no”, we stop asking. And here, we want to provide a complementary explanation for the underestimation of the probability that others comply with our direct help requests based on adaptive sampling. First, we will develop and explain a model that represents the theory. Later on, we will test it empirically by means of experiments, and will elaborate on the analysis of its results.

Pensions and procrastination : how can employers help their employees save for the future?

In this paper I show that employees tend to procrastinate when they are expected to decide whether or not they would like to save using the defined contribution pension scheme offered by their employer. By auto-enrolling the employees or asking them to decide before a given deadline, employers can mitigate some of the problems caused by employee procrastination. However both of these mechanisms present their own problems, caused by default stickiness and other issues, so I discuss how employers can decide which is the right mechanism to use depending on the characteristics of their employees, and how to minimize the problems these mechanisms can cause.

An insight into co-operativism

The concept of co-operativism is analysed in this report. As an introduction to the subject, the values that socially friendly businesses work with are mentioned, as well as, the basic differences with regard to capitalist companies. In order to broaden the model, seven basic principles that drive such companies are analysed. Recently, due to the economic crisis, many capitalist companies have changed their way of running the business and have opted for cooperatives. Therefore, the steps they have to follow to become part of this view will be considered. So as to introduce a more critical view, benefits and drawbacks of cooperative companies will be borne in mind. In addition, no theoretical model is complete if real examples are not provided, thus in the final part, four companies will be studied. The first one being a company that has always been part of a group of cooperatives and which has enjoyed positive results all over; the second one, a company that has experienced the benefits of leaving the group; the third one, the cornerstone of such group, whose effort to relaunch the company have failed; and the final one, an acquired company whose future is uncertain due to its parent company's decline. To conclude, the final section is going to be devoted to heighten the problems that cooperatives have and which may have compromised their status as alternative models to capitalism.

La Docència de l'avaluació psicològica des d'una perspectiva integradora i professionalitzadora

Es presenta un projecte de millora de la qualitat docent, iniciat durant el curs acadèmic 2009-2010, en el qual es desenvolupà un treball conjunt amb les assignatures de Psicodiagnòstic, Psicologia Clínica Infantil i Neuropsicologia per tal de dissenyar un mòdul adreçat als alumnes de tercer de Grau en Psicologia, posant en comú les aportacions més recents en l’àmbit de l’avaluació i el diagnòstic psicològic, amb la finalitat d’afavorir la formació clínica dels estudiants. La finalitat d’aquest projecte era l’elaboració d’una proposta de Pla Docent del mòdul d’Avaluació i Diagnòstic Psicològic II, integrant els resultats de la metodologia plantejada en els seminaris i en coherència amb el plantejament del mateix mòdul, que s’imparteix, prèviament, durant el primer quadrimestre, tot intentant establir connexions entre les tres matèries. L’objectiu final és oferir als estudiants un plantejament modular integrador que els permeti assolir les competències previstes en el pla d’estudis de l’Espai Europeu d’Educació Superior. Entre les propostes per a aquest mòdul es presenta el treball d’un cas interdisciplinari des de les franges de petit grup, com també un plantejament de les matèries de forma conjunta i coordinada. En aquest projecte també s’ha volgut tenir en compte la valoració dels mateixos estudiants, que han estat partícips del procés.