Occupational choice and development

The rise in world trade since 1970 has been accompanied by a rise in the geographic span of control of management and, hence, also a rise in the e ective international mobility of labor services. We study the e ect of such a globalization of the world's labor markets. The world's welfare gains depend positively on the skill-heterogeneity of the world's labor force. We nd that when peoplecan choose between wage work and managerial work, the worldwide labor market raises output by more in the rich and the poor countries, and by less in the middle-income countries. This is because the middle-income countries experience the smallest change in the factor-price ratio, and where the option to choose between wage work and managerial work has the least value in the integratedeconomy. Our theory also establishes that after economic integration, the high skill countries see a disproportionate increase in managerial occupations. Using aggregate data on GDP, openness and occupations from 115 countries, we find evidence for these patterns of occupational choice.

Roles familiares y mercado de trabajo

La posición diferente de los individuos en el mercado de trabajo puede convertirse en una variable (no única) con fuerte peso explicativo de determinadas prácticas familiares que se analizan en este artículo. Así, las desigualdades vividas en la familia por razón de sexo pueden explicarse por la desigual situación de hombres y mujeres en la esfera laboral; unas desigualdades que están respaldadas por discursos diferenciados que, a su vez, determinan unas prácticas sociales que nos permitirán distinguir (en un plano teórico) tres modelos de familia: tradicional-segregacionista, la rupturista-modernizadora y la mixta.