Weak and Strong Altruism in Trait Groups: Reproductive Suicide, Personal Fitness, and Expected Value

A simple variant of trait group selection, employing predators as the mechanism underlying group selection, supports contingent reproductive suicide as altruism (i.e., behavior lowering personal fitness while augmenting that of another) without kin assortment. The contingent suicidal type may either saturate the population or be polymorphic with a type avoiding suicide, depending on parameters. In addition to contingent suicide, this randomly assorting morph may also exhibit continuously expressed strong altruism (sensu Wilson 1979) usually thought restricted to kin selection. The model will not, however, support a sterile worker caste as such, where sterility occurs before life history events associated with effective altruism; reproductive suicide must remain fundamentally contingent (facultative sensu West Eberhard 1987; Myles 1988) under random assortment. The continuously expressed strong altruism supported by the model may be reinterpreted as probability of arbitrarily committing reproductive suicide, without benefit for another; such arbitrary suicide (a "load" on "adaptive" suicide) is viable only under a more restricted parameter space relative to the necessarily concomitant adaptive contingent suicide.

Fusion of data sets in multivariate linear regression with errors-in-variables

We consider the application of normal theory methods to the estimation and testing of a general type of multivariate regressionmodels with errors--in--variables, in the case where various data setsare merged into a single analysis and the observable variables deviatepossibly from normality. The various samples to be merged can differ on the set of observable variables available. We show that there is a convenient way to parameterize the model so that, despite the possiblenon--normality of the data, normal--theory methods yield correct inferencesfor the parameters of interest and for the goodness--of--fit test. Thetheory described encompasses both the functional and structural modelcases, and can be implemented using standard software for structuralequations models, such as LISREL, EQS, LISCOMP, among others. An illustration with Monte Carlo data is presented.

Adaptive learning in models with lagged variables

In this work I study the stability of the dynamics generated by adaptivelearning processes in intertemporal economies with lagged variables. Iprove that determinacy of the steady state is a necessary condition for the convergence of the learning dynamics and I show that the reciprocal is not true characterizing the economies where convergence holds. In the case of existence of cycles I show that there is not, in general, a relationship between determinacy and convergence of the learning process to the cycle. I also analyze the expectational stability of these equilibria.

Asessing public policies. The case of education in Europe and the interaction between personal and institutional factors

The paper deals with the comparative study of European citizens satisfaction with thestate of education in their respective countries. Individual and contextual effects aretested applying multilevel analysis. The results show that educational public policies(level of decentralization, degree of comprehensiveness and public spending) as well asthe students social environment (socioeconomic and cultural status) have a soundimpact on the opinions about the state of education.

The role of incidental variables of time in mood assessment

Determining what influences mood is important for theories of emotion and research onsubjective well-being. We consider three sets of factors: activities in which people areengaged; individual differences; and incidental variables that capture when mood ismeasured, e.g., time-of-day. These three factors were investigated simultaneously in a studyinvolving 168 part-time students who each responded 30 times in an experience samplingstudy conducted over 10 working days. Respondents assessed mood on a simple bipolarscale from 1 (very negative) to 10 (very positive). Activities had significant effects but,with the possible exception of variability in the expression of mood, no systematicindividual differences were detected. Diurnal effects, similar to those already reported inthe literature, were found as was an overall Friday effect. However, these effects weresmall. Lastly, the weather had little or no influence. We conclude that simple measures ofoverall mood are not greatly affected by incidental variables.

Perceptual mapping of practical ethics along the value chain: A multiple correspondence analysis with industry and cultural indices as supplementary variables

This paper presents findings from a study investigating a firm s ethical practices along the value chain. In so doing we attempt to better understand potential relationships between a firm s ethical stance with its customers and those of its suppliers within a supply chain and identify particular sectoral and cultural influences that might impinge on this. Drawing upon a database comprising of 667 industrial firms from 27 different countries, we found that ethical practices begin with the firm s relationship with its customers, the characteristics of which then influence the ethical stance with the firm s suppliers within the supply chain. Importantly, market structure along with some key cultural characteristics were also found to exert significant influence on the implementation of ethical policies in these firms.

Weak and strong altruism in traitgGroups: Reproductive suicide, personal fitness and expected value

A simple variant of trait group selection, employing predators as themechanism underlying group selection, supports contingent reproductivesuicide as altruism (i.e., behavior lowering personal fitness whileaugmenting that of another) without kin assortment. The contingentsuicidal type may either saturate the population or be polymorphicwith a type avoiding suicide, depending on parameters. In addition tocontingent suicide, this randomly assorting morph may also exhibitcontinuously expressed strong altruism (sensu Wilson 1979) usuallythought restricted to kin selection. The model will not, however,support a sterile worker caste as such, where sterility occurs beforelife history events associated with effective altruism; reproductivesuicide must remain fundamentally contingent (facultative sensu WestEberhard 1987; Myles 1988) under random assortment. The continuouslyexpressed strong altruism supported by the model may be reinterpretedas probability of arbitrarily committing reproductive suicide, withoutbenefit for another; such arbitrary suicide (a "load" on "adaptive"suicide) is viable only under a more restricted parameter spacerelative to the necessarily concomitant adaptive contingent suicide.

Ignoring information in binary choice with continuous variables: When is less 'more'?

When can a single variable be more accurate in binary choice than multiple sources of information? We derive analytically the probability that a single variable (SV) will correctly predict one of two choices when both criterion and predictor are continuous variables. We further provide analogous derivations for multiple regression (MR) and equal weighting (EW) and specify the conditions under which the models differ in expected predictive ability. Key factors include variability in cue validities, intercorrelation between predictors, and the ratio of predictors to observations in MR. Theory and simulations are used to illustrate the differential effects of these factors. Results directly address why and when one-reason decision making can be more effective than analyses that use more information. We thus provide analytical backing to intriguing empirical results that, to date, have lacked theoretical justification. There are predictable conditions for which one should expect less to be more.

Me interesa : web de notícies personal

El projecte tracta d'un portal web que té com a funció principal mostrar informació de diferents pàgines web en una sola plana web a través dels RSS. La web mostra la informació de diferents maneres: - L'usuari visitant podrà consultar aquella informació que desitgi d'entre tota la informació general de la que disposa la web. - L'usuari registrat pot personalitzar aquella informació que és del seu interès i organitzar-la al gust. Es disposa d'una part per l'administració de la web on es gestiona tota la informació general i es poden consultar informes analítics.

L'Exercici de la docència de la psicologia i el Burnout

En l’actualitat el burnout o síndrome de cremar-se per la feina és considerat un risc emergent als països occidentals essent el col·lectiu docent un dels més afectats. L’espai europeu d’educació superior proposa un nou rol pel professor que haurà de ser compaginat amb la gestió, la recerca i la transferència de coneixement. En la present recerca s’analitza el nivell de burnout en una mostra formada per 42 docents (mitjana d’edat: 37,21 anys; D.T.: 8,98; 70,8% dones) del departament de Psicologia de la Universitat de Girona. El burnout s’ha avaluat amb el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) així com amb un qüestionari d’elaboració pròpia que recull variables sociodemogràfiques, característiques del tipus de treball i de l’ús del temps lliure, el locus de control i el burnout percebut. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen valors mitjans en les puntuacions de les dimensions Cansament Emocional i Despersonalització, i valors elevats en Realització Personal. El 20,5% dels docents es percep cremat per la feina

Relación de la función de mando con los factores de riesgo psicosocial y el malestar percibido por el personal de administración y servicios de una universidad

Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial y los indicadores de malestar percibido (mal estado de salud general y mental e insatisfacción laboral), según el desempeño de la función de mando, y examinar si el patrón de asociación entre estas dimensiones difiere al ocupar un puesto de jefatura.

Variables geoambientales en el Plan General de Ordenación Urbana de Cassá de la Selva

Se presentan de forma resumida los resultados geoambientales obtenidos en el estudio de un término municipal motivado más por sistemática de planteamiento por parte del responsable del Plan General, que por cuestión concreta planteada sobre este ámbito en aquel término municipal. Así y todo, la información obtenida influye sobre el Plan y pone de manifiesto circunstancias qenerales que sin ser aqudas son persistentes en el tiempo, por razones obvias del ámbito terrestre, al que pertenecen

La autopromoción del individuo como marca personal en el mundo laboral 3.0

La creació, anàlisi i implementació d’una marca pròpia online i offline com a forma d’autopromoció del valor individual en el món laboral. Amb aquesta finalitat es desenvoluparà una estratègia de comunicació personal que comprengui els coneixements, eines i recursos necessaris per convertir-se en l’opció preferent. L’elaboració d’aquesta estratègia estarà basada en un context real i avalada per casos d’èxit d’un bon Pla de Personal Branding i confrontada per autors de referència.

Comunicar la ciudad desde el paisaje: hacia una teoría del landscape branding

La necesidad de descodificar los significados inherentes al paisaje, la interactuación sociedadpaisaje (comunicación intra e interpersonal) y, más recientemente, los usos de paisaje a modo de aparador territorial mediático en el ámbito, por ejemplo, de la comunicación publicitaria, del citymarketing o del place branding (comunicación masiva), sirven para plantear el estudio de lo que, de algún modo, representa la persuasión del paisaje, la cual incluye claros tintes emocionales y simbólicos y, por tanto, también comunicacionales. El paisaje en su condición de imagen y/o rostro del territorio acumula la esencia del mensaje implícito en el espacio, posicionándose, de este modo, como la gran metáfora comunicativa de la ciudad. En este sentido, el trabajo de comunicación específico con el intangible paisajístico, unido a la reciente explosión de las denominadas geografías emocionales, plantea una teoría del mensaje territorial basada en la unión de las variables geografía, paisaje, emoción y comunicación. Históricamente, de los estudios de paisaje se han ocupado los geógrafos, arquitectos, historiadores, sociólogos o ambientólogos, entre muchos otros, sin embargo, el paisaje se ha mantenido poco explorado desde la perspectiva de la comunicación. En este sentido, es notoria la proliferación de análisis que ponen el acento en el papel que desarrolla el territorio como mediador de procesos de comunicación o en el estudio de procesos de retroalimentación entre la sociedad y sus espacios (cognición y/o percepción). El actual mercadeo identitario con los lugares se concreta en la creciente producción de marcas territoriales, las cuales acumulan, en los últimos tiempos, un importante protagonismo.