Una herramienta SIG para el análisis socioeconómico de la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona

Este proyecto ha sido desarrollado en el Institut d'Estudis Territorials, y se plantea como una solución visual que permita mapificar variables estadísticas de la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona, mediante una aplicación Web dinámica con la que el usuario pueda consultar y representar datos en el territorio a través de una cartografía de soporte.El Institut d’Estudis Territorials, a petición del Departament de Política Territorial i Obres Públiques, es el encargado de elaborar el Pla Territorial Metropolità de Barcelona. Esta aplicación complementa a los estudios socioeconómicos que se están llevando a cabo, y pretende ser una herramienta de gestión que permita caracterizar el territorio, hacer diagnósticos y evaluar las diferentes propuestas presentadas para dicho plan.En una etapa preliminar se desarrolló una aplicación Excel, pero pronto se manifestaron las numerosas carencias que esta sufría, tales como la dificultad para acceder a ella de manera concurrente, no ofrecer garantías en lo que a medidas de seguridad se refiere y no poder tratar los datos de manera centralizada. El archivo Excel debía ser distribuido entre los diferentes usuarios por lo que cualquier cambio en los datos implicaba una replicación del archivo y en consecuencia una nueva distribución. Resultó obvia la necesidad de una única base de datos centralizada, y un acceso distribuido a ésta. Se planteó entonces una aplicación Web como solución, la cual incluiría herramientas capaces de gestionar información gráfica (cartografía) y alfa-numérica (datos) de manera conjunta. Conociendo las facilidades que los Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) ofrecen para el manejo de este tipo de datos y su interoperabilidad con Internet, se optó por construir un servicio de mapas con el que el usuario, de manera intuitiva, pudiese construir distintos mapas en función de la variable territorial que desease.Así mismo se plantean mejoras futuras, como la predicción a corto plazo de la evolución de diferentes variables, siempre ofreciendo los mapas como componente principal de la interfaz de usuario.

ImaginaryBCN: cuaderno de seguimiento

Guia didàctica de l'exposició Imaginary/BCN. La mirada matemàtica, les arts i el patrimoni. Barcelona, del 17 de març al 6 de maig de 2012

Relationship and transaction lending in a crisis

We study how relationship lending and transaction lending varyover the business cycle. We develop a model in which relationshipbanks gather information on their borrowers, which allows them toprovide loans for profitable firms during a crisis. Due to the servicesthey provide, operating costs of relationship-banks are higher thanthose of transaction-banks. In our model, where relationship-bankscompete with transaction-banks, a key result is that relationship-banks charge a higher intermediation spread in normal times, butoffer continuation-lending at more favorable terms than transactionbanks to profitable firms in a crisis. Using detailed credit registerinformation for Italian banks before and after the Lehman Brothers'default, we are able to study how relationship and transaction-banksresponded to the crisis and we test existing theories of relationshipbanking. Our empirical analysis confirms the basic prediction of themodel that relationship banks charged a higher spread before the crisis, offered more favorable continuation-lending terms in response tothe crisis, and suffered fewer defaults, thus confirming the informational advantage of relationship banking.

Avaluació d'un espectrofotòmetre NIR en miniatura pel seu ús en processos industrials i controls de qualitat

En aquest treball s’avalua la idoneïtat d’un nou espectrofotòmetre NIR en miniatura per ser emprat com eina d’anàlisis de productes farmacèutics. L’avaluació es presenta en tres tipus d’assaigs: (1) anàlisi i comparació dels nivells de senyal i soroll de la resposta instrumental, (2) la identificació de matèries primes mitjançant la construcció de biblioteques espectrals i (3) la quantificació d’ingredient actiu en una formulació farmacèutica mitjançant models de calibratge multivariables. Els resultats obtinguts amb aquest instrument són comparables amb els obtinguts fent servir aparells convencionals, demostrant que aquesta nova tecnologia suposa un avenç en el control global de processos farmacèutics.

Plant-associated microorganisms: a view from the scope of microbiology

Microorganisms interact with plants because plants offer a wide diversity of habitats including the phyllosphere (aerial plant part), the rhizosphere (zone of influence of the root system), and the endosphere (internal transport system). Interactions of epiphytes, rhizophytes or endophytes may be detrimental or beneficial for either the microorganism or the plant and may be classified as neutralism, commensalism, synergism, mutualism, amensalism, competition or parasitism

Pathogenic plant-microbe interactions. What we know and how we benefit

Plants, like humans and other animals, also get sick, exhibit disease symptoms, and die. Plant diseases are caused by environmental stress, genetic or physiological disorders and infectious agents including viroids, viruses, bacteria and fungi. Plant pathology originated from the convergence of microbiology, botany and agronomy; its ultimate goal is the control of plant disease. Microbiologists have been attracted to this field of research because of the need for identification of the agents causing infectious diseases in economically important crops. In 1878—only two years after Pasteur and Koch had shown for the first time that anthrax in animals was caused by a bacteria—Burril, in the USA, discovered that the fire blight disease of apple and pear was also caused by a bacterium (nowadays known as Erwinia amylovora). In 1898, Beijerinck concluded that tobacco mosaic was caused by a “contagium vivum fluidum” which he called a virus. In 1971, Diener proved that a potato disease named potato spindle tuber was caused by infectious RNA which he called viroid

Qualitat microbiològica dels productes vegetals frescos mínimament processats i desenvolupament de tecnologies de bioconservació mitjançant bacteris de l'àcid làctic

Food safety today is conditiones by the implementation of new Tecnologies for food preservation based on mild treatments and mínimum process, Novel foods, severe restrictions in the toxicològic profile of chemical preservatives, And the drastic limitation /prohibition of antibiotics, and as a consequence, by the New emergint pathogens or by the increase of classical food-borne pathogens. Biopreservatives appear within this context with strong expectations, because thei are safe microorganisms of ten isolated from foods, chemical compounds of natural origin -antimicrobial peptides and proteins, botanical extracts, enzymes- and sintetic compounds based on natural structures, but less toxic and more eficients, like the amtimicrobial peptides. Among the microbial biopreservatives, lactic acid bacteria have shown great possibilities in the preservation of cured meat products, ready to eat fresh fruit and vegetables, as well as to decrease microbial spoilage in food by products before processing for valorization. Our laboratory has performed an extense survey of the microbiological quality of fresh fruit and vegetables, and of ready-to-eat products, and have detect low levels, but significant of Salmonella sp., E. coli and Listeria spp., including L.monocytogenes, in retail markets and Supermarkets of Catalonia. Due to this reason, we started a project consisting of Developing application of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) obtained from these products, as biopreservatives. LAB were abundant in ready-to-eat fresh fruits and vegetables, specially in germinated seeds. From these products we obtained strains of Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus and Weissella, producing bacteriocins and with a Significant activity of control of L.monocytogenes in fresh apple and cut salad. Ather strains were efective in the inhibition of fungal rot during postharvest caused by Penicillium expansum

Plantem un arbre

L’objecte de la proposta presentada en el concurs va ser desenvolupar un projecte d’hàbitat accessible per a persones amb paràlisi cerebral o discapacitat física greument afectades que resolgui les necessitats d’autonomia que han de permetre la seva emancipació.La proposta es va definir a partir d’un treball previ de comunicació amb usuaris, familiars, associacions, metges, neuròlegs i cuidadors. Aquest mètode fonamentat en el treball participatiu és la base d’un projecte de qualitat que pugui donar resposta a les necessitats dels usuaris reflectint aquestes inquietuds en els criteris adoptats al programa funcional i millorant els requisits de mínims que estableixen les normatives urbanístiques i sobretot edificatòries. Aquest mètode de treball participatiu i inclusiu és una constant clau durant tot el procés de projecte i posterior direcció de les obres.

Dona, endevinació i mite a l’antiga Grècia

El plantejament de fer un treball final en la modalitat acadèmica permet a l’estudiant d’aprofundir en algun aspecte acadèmic que li hagi semblat interessant i del que cregui no tenir gaire o suficients coneixements. Aquest és el meu cas. En el segon any del màster vaig cursar l’assignatura Elaboracions del mite, impartida per l’Emilio Suárez, que em va permetre accedir a l’antiga Grècia amb una àmplia panoràmica que abraçava la mitologia des de diferents fonts —arqueològiques i textuals—, la història i la literatura. Si bé la majoria d’assignatures que he cursat s’han centrat —casualment— en les arts de finals del segle XIX i principis del XX, les referències a la cultura antiga han sigut constants en el màster i aquesta perseverança és el motiuque em va conduir cap a un tema que mirés cap aquest passat llunyà que, tanmateix, gaudeix de la reminiscència pròpia de qualsevol llegat.

Proyecto de construcción y explotación de un almacén de datos para el análisis de información sobre alojamientos turísticos

Este documento contiene la memoria de un proyecto de construcción y explotación de un almacén de datos para el análisis de la información sobre alojamientos turísticos.

Multivalent display of the antimicrobial peptides BP100 and BP143

Carbohydrates are considered as promising templates for the display of multiple copies of antimicrobial peptides. Herein, wedescribe the design and synthesis of chimeric structures containing two or four copies of the antimicrobial peptidesKKLFKKILKYL-NH2 (BP100) and KKLfKKILKYL-NH2 (BP143) attached to the carbohydrate template cyclodithioerythritol(cDTE) or α-D-galactopyranoside (Galp). The synthesis involved the preparation of the corresponding peptide aldehyde followedby coupling to an aminooxy-functionalized carbohydrate template. After purification, the multivalent display systems were obtainedin high purities (90–98%) and in good yields (42–64%). These compounds were tested against plant and human pathogenic bacteriaand screened for their cytotoxicity on eukaryotic cells. They showed lower MIC values than the parent peptides against the bacteriaanalyzed. In particular, the carbopeptides derived from cDTE and Galp, which contained two or four copies of BP100, respectively,were 2- to 8-fold more active than the monomeric peptide against the phytopathogenic bacteria. These results suggest thatpreassembling antimicrobial peptides to multimeric structures is not always associated with a significant improvement of theactivity. In contrast, the carbopeptides synthesized were active against human red blood cells pointing out that peptide preassemblyis critical for the hemolytic activity. Notably, peptide preassembly resulted in an enhanced bactericidal effect

High amplitude contractions in the middle third of the esophagus: a manometric marker of chronic alcoholism?

BACKGROUND--Oesophageal motor abnormalities have been reported in alcoholism. AIM--To investigate the effects of chronic alcoholism and its withdrawal on oesophageal disease. PATIENTS--23 chronic alcoholic patients (20 men and three women; mean age 43, range 23 to 54). METHODS--Endoscopy, manometry, and 24 hour pH monitoring 7-10 days and six months after ethanol withdrawal. Tests for autonomic and peripheral neuropathy were also performed. Motility and pH tracings were compared with those of age and sex matched control groups: healthy volunteers, nutcracker oesophagus, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. RESULTS--14 (61%) alcoholic patients had reflux symptoms, and endoscopy with biopsy showed oesophageal inflammation in 10 patients. One patient had an asymptomatic squamous cell carcinoma. Oesophageal motility studies in the alcoholic patients showed that peristaltic amplitude in the middle third was > 150 mm Hg (95th percentile (P95) of healthy controls) in 13 (57%), the ratio lower/ middle amplitude was < 0.9 in 15 (65%) (> 0.9 in all control groups), and the lower oesophageal sphincter was hypertensive (> 23.4 mm Hg, P95 of healthy controls) in 13 (57%). All three abnormalities were present in five (22%). Abnormal reflux (per cent reflux time > 2.9, P95 of healthy controls) was shown in 12 (52%) alcoholic patients, and was unrelated to peristaltic dysfunction. Subclinical neuropathy in 10 patients did not effect oesophageal abnormalities. Oesophageal motility abnormalities persisted at six months in six patients with ongoing alcoholism, whereas they reverted towards normal in 13 who remained abstinent; reflux, however, was unaffected. CONCLUSIONS--Oesophageal peristaltic dysfunction and reflux are frequent in alcoholism. High amplitude contractions in the middle third of the oesophagus seem to be a marker of excessive alcohol consumption, and tend to improve with abstinence.

Predictive factors in the long term outcome in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease: six years follow up of 107 patients

There is little information concerning the long term outcome of patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Thus 109 patients with reflux symptoms (33 with erosive oesophagitis) with a diagnosis of GORD after clinical evaluation and oesophageal testing were studied. All patients were treated with a stepwise approach: (a) lifestyle changes were suggested aimed at reducing reflux and antacids and the prokinetic agent domperidone were prescribed; (b) H2 blockers were added after two months when symptoms persisted; (c) anti-reflux surgery was indicated when there was no response to (b). Treatment was adjusted to maintain clinical remission during follow up. Long term treatment need was defined as minor when conservative measures sufficed for proper control, and as major if daily H2 blockers or surgery were required. The results showed that one third of the patients each had initial therapeutic need (a), (b), and (c). Of 103 patients available for follow up at three years and 89 at six years, respective therapeutic needs were minor in 52% and 55% and major in 48% and 45%. Eighty per cent of patients in (a), 67% in (b), and 17% in (c) required only conservative measures at six years. A decreasing lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (p < 0.001), radiological reflux (p = 0.028), and erosive oesophagitis (p = 0.031), but not initial clinical scores, were independent predictors of major therapeutic need as shown by multivariate analysis. The long term outcome of GORD is better than previously perceived.

Palaeogene Charophytes of the Balearic Islands (Spain)

Fossil charophytes were recorded in two different stratigraphic units from the non-marine Palaeogene of the Balearic Islands. In the Peguera Limestone Fm. of Mallorca the charophyte flora is characterised by two assemblages. The first contains Raskyella peckii subsp. meridionale, Harrisichara caeciliana and Maedleriella mangenoti, from the Bartonian and Lutetian; whilst the second is characterised by Harrisichara vasiformistuberculata and Nitellopsis (Tectochara) aemula, Middle Priabonian in age. The Cala Blanca Detrital Fm. has yielded Lychnothamnus stockmansii and Sphaerochara inconspicua in Menorca whilst in Mallorca it contains Lychnothamnus praelangeri, L. langeri and Sphaerochara hirmeri. This flora is Late Priabonian and Oligocene in age. These results suggest that the beginning of Paleogene non-marine deposition was diachronic in Mallorca. In terms of biogeography, the Eocene charophytes of Mallorca show affinity with North-African floras. The presence of the Eocene African subspecies Raskyella peckii meridionale in Mallorca enables the biogeographic boundary between this form and the European subspecies R. peckii peckii to be drawn at about 32º N latitude in the Iberian Plate.

New experimental apparatus for the study of the Bénard-Rayleigh problem

A new experimental system to measure the equivalent thermal conductivity of a liquid with regard to the Bénard-Rayleigh problem was constructed. The liquid is enclosed within walls of polymethylmethacrylate between two copper plates in which there are thermocouples to measure the difference in temperature between the lower and upper surfaces of the layer of liquid. Heat flux is measured by means of a linear heat fluxmeter consisting of 204 thermocouples in series. The fluxmeter was calibrated and the linear relationship that exists between the heat flux and the emf generated was verified. The thermal conductivity of the polymethylmethacrylate employed was measured and measurements of the equivalent conductivity in cylindrical boundaries of two silicone oils were made. The critical value of the temperature difference and the contribution of the convective process to the transmission of heat were determined.