Notas floristicas, III

Isoetes Durieui Bory. La Selva : Santa Cristina d'Aro, hacia el Torrent de Plana Basarda, Isoelion (A. Bolos, O. Bolos, B r . - B L , F . Q., etc.) ; Sils, al S. de Sant Maurici, 100 m. alt., Isoelicm (leg. Batalla, O. Bolos et Lapraz).

De vegetatione notulae, III

Synusie and association. Application to the therophytic Mediterranean communities. The Agropyro-Lygeetum (=Eremopyro-Lygeetum) of the Ebro Basin is a two-layered community. The aerian organs of the chamaephytic and therophytic synusies appears mosaic-like distributed, but the roots of chamaephytes forms a continuous layer under the roots of spring therophytes. The structure of other Mediterranean therophytic associations is similar.

Mixomicetes nuevos o interesantes para la flora iberica y Balear. III

Señalamos la presencia de Calomyxa metallica, Clastoderma debaryanum y Dianema harveyi en diferentes localidades peninsulares. De dichas especies, no indicadas hasta el momento para la flora española, comentamos la corologia, ecologia y caracteres diferenciales.

Lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and symphysis dimensions among Class I and III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns

Objective: To compare lower incisor dentoalveolar compensation and mandible symphysis morphology among Class I and Class III malocclusion patients with different facial vertical skeletal patterns. Materials and Methods: Lower incisor extrusion and inclination, as well as buccal (LA) and lingual (LP) cortex depth, and mandibular symphysis height (LH) were measured in 107 lateral cephalometric x-rays of adult patients without prior orthodontic treatment. In addition, malocclusion type (Class I or III) and facial vertical skeletal pattern were considered. Through a principal component analysis (PCA) related variables were reduced. Simple regression equation and multivariate analyses of variance were also used. Results: Incisor mandibular plane angle (P < .001) and extrusion (P  =  .03) values showed significant differences between the sagittal malocclusion groups. Variations in the mandibular plane have a negative correlation with LA (Class I P  =  .03 and Class III P  =  .01) and a positive correlation with LH (Class I P  =  .01 and Class III P  =  .02) in both groups. Within the Class III group, there was a negative correlation between the mandibular plane and LP (P  =  .02). PCA showed that the tendency toward a long face causes the symphysis to elongate and narrow. In Class III, alveolar narrowing is also found in normal faces. Conclusions: Vertical facial pattern is a significant factor in mandibular symphysis alveolar morphology and lower incisor positioning, both for Class I and Class III patients. Short-faced Class III patients have a widened alveolar bone. However, for long-faced and normal-faced Class III, natural compensation elongates the symphysis and influences lower incisor position.

Integrated regulation of the type III secretion system and other virulence determinants in Ralstonia solanacearum

In many plant and animal bacterial pathogens, the Type III secretion system (TTSS) that directly translocates effector proteins into the eukaryotic host cells is essential for the development of disease. In all species studied, the transcription of the TTSS and most of its effector substrates is tightly regulated by a succession of consecutively activated regulators. However, the whole genetic programme driven by these regulatory cascades is still unknown, especially in bacterial plant pathogens. Here, we have characterised the programme triggered by HrpG, a host-responsive regulator of the TTSS activation cascade in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. We show through genome-wide expression analysis that, in addition to the TTSS, HrpG controls the expression of a previously undescribed TTSS-independent pathway that includes a number of other virulence determinants and genes likely involved in adaptation to life in the host. Functional studies revealed that this second pathway co-ordinates the bacterial production of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, exopolysaccharide, and the phytohormones ethylene and auxin. We provide experimental evidence that these activities contribute to pathogenicity. We also show that the ethylene produced by R. solanacearum is able to modulate the expression of host genes and can therefore interfere with the signalling of plant defence responses. These results provide a new, integrated view of plant bacterial pathogenicity, where a common regulator activates synchronously upon infection the TTSS, other virulence determinants and a number of adaptive functions, which act co-operatively to cause disease.

Figuras III, de Gerard Genette

Borges decía que son clásicos aquellos libros que uno conoce antes de haberlos leído. Quizás en este sentido (sin duda en muchos otros) podemos afirmar que Figuras III, de Gérard Genette ,es un clásico. Se trata, sin embargo, de un libro de lectura lenta y, en ocasiones, confusa que quizás sea necesario resumir y sistematizar. El propósito de esta reseña, claro está, no es sustituir la lectura individual del mismo, sino , en todo caso, como si de una guía de viajes se tratase, introducir y animar a su lectura.

Qui va matar Ramsès III? La resposta és en l'ADN

Egiptòlegs, biòlegs, radiòlegs i patòlegs intervenen en un estudi genètic per reconstruir el gran enigma de com va morir el faraó i quin dels seus fills el va substituir

La crisis del segle III a l’àrea compresa entre Tarraco i Saguntum: aproximació a partir de les dades arqueològiques

The purpose of this work is to evaluate the possible impact of the so-called “crisis of the 3rd century” in the area between Tarraco (Tarragona) and Saguntum (Sagunt), currently corresponding to the southern limit of Catalonia and the north of Valencia, which during the Roman era made up the southernmost part of the conventus Tarraconensis. The processes of change experienced in rural settlements and cities between the Severan dynasty and the beginning of the tetrarchy are analyzed, and the importance of the city-country relationship is examined to explain these changes. The extent of the Frankish invasion during of the Gallic period, initially substantiated by sources and now by archaeological evidence, is discussed. The study of coin hoards (treasures and deposits) from the second half of the 3rd century, found in abundance in this area, is a very interesting aspect of this topic. In addition, a quantitative approach is used to study the population changes experienced as a result of the rural settlement of this area during the 3rd century, between the High and the Low Empires.

ADHD candidate gene (DRD4 exon III) affects inhibitory control in a healthy sample.

Background Dopamine is believed to be a key neurotransmitter in the development of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Several recent studies point to an association of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and this condition. More specifically, the 7 repeat variant of a variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) polymorphism in exon III of this gene is suggested to bear a higher risk for ADHD. In the present study, we investigated the role of this polymorphism in the modulation of neurophysiological correlates of response inhibition (Go/Nogo task) in a healthy, high-functioning sample. Results Homozygous 7 repeat carriers showed a tendency for more accurate behavior in the Go/Nogo task compared to homozygous 4 repeat carriers. Moreover, 7 repeat carriers presented an increased nogo-related theta band response together with a reduced go-related beta decrease. Conclusions These data point to improved cognitive functions and prefrontal control in the 7 repeat carriers, probably due to the D4 receptor's modulatory role in prefrontal areas. The results are discussed with respect to previous behavioral data on this polymorphism and animal studies on the impact of the D4 receptor on cognitive functions.

The awr gene family encodes a novel class of Ralstonia solanacearum type III effectors displaying virulence and avirulence activities

We present here the characterization of a new gene family, awr, found in all sequenced Ralstonia solanacearum strains and in other bacterial pathogens. We demonstrate that the five paralogues in strain GMI1000 encode type III-secreted effectors and that deletion of all awr genes severely impairs its capacity to multiply in natural host plants. Complementation studies show that the AWR (alanine-tryptophanarginine tryad) effectors display some functional redundancy, although AWR2 is the major contributor to virulence. In contrast, the strain devoid of all awr genes (¿awr1-5) exhibits enhanced pathogenicity on Arabidopsis plants. A gain-of-function approach expressing AWR in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 proves that this is likely due to effector recognition, because AWR5 and AWR4 restrict growth of this bacterium in Arabidopsis. Transient overexpression of AWR in nonhost tobacco species caused macroscopic cell death to varying extents, which, in the case of AWR5, shows characteristics of a typical hypersensitive response. Our work demonstrates that AWR, which show no similarity to any protein with known function, can specify either virulence or avirulence in the interaction of R. solanacearum with its plant hosts.

Verifique sus conocimientos sobre las exploraciones complementarias (III)

Ésta es la tercera entrega de una serie sobre las pruebas complementarias que se inició en el ejemplar de Nursing2007 de abril. Nuestra intención es completar el apartado sobre el esqueleto óseo. La importancia de la radiología convencional osteoarticular y su uso generalizado hacen que consideremos indicado profundizar en algunos aspectos ya mencionados en la anterior entrega e introducir algunos conceptos nuevos que nos permitan conocer a fondo este apartado. Una vez más recordamos la importancia que para los diplomados/as en enfermería tiene la posibilidad de conocer estas exploraciones, y más en el caso que nos ocupa, por lo habitual del contacto con estas técnicas en la práctica diaria de muchos de nosotros. El objetivo es conocer la preparación y las características generales de la prueba, así como las curas posteriores a ella para satisfacer las necesidades del paciente durante el proceso diagnóstico. En nuestro entrenamiento para aprender a identificar las imágenes es interesante ayudarse de personas que, como los técnicos especialistas en radiología y los médicos especialistas radiólogos, visualizan continuamente exploraciones radiológicas y nos pueden ayudar a aplicar los conocimientos y las pautas de interpretación de imágenes radiológicas que exponemos en esta serie.

Verifique sus conocimientos sobre las exploraciones complementarias (III)

Ésta es la tercera entrega de una serie sobre las pruebas complementarias que se inició en el ejemplar de Nursing2007 de abril. Nuestra intención es completar el apartado sobre el esqueleto óseo. La importancia de la radiología convencional osteoarticular y su uso generalizado hacen que consideremos indicado profundizar en algunos aspectos ya mencionados en la anterior entrega e introducir algunos conceptos nuevos que nos permitan conocer a fondo este apartado. Una vez más recordamos la importancia que para los diplomados/as en enfermería tiene la posibilidad de conocer estas exploraciones, y más en el caso que nos ocupa, por lo habitual del contacto con estas técnicas en la práctica diaria de muchos de nosotros. El objetivo es conocer la preparación y las características generales de la prueba, así como las curas posteriores a ella para satisfacer las necesidades del paciente durante el proceso diagnóstico. En nuestro entrenamiento para aprender a identificar las imágenes es interesante ayudarse de personas que, como los técnicos especialistas en radiología y los médicos especialistas radiólogos, visualizan continuamente exploraciones radiológicas y nos pueden ayudar a aplicar los conocimientos y las pautas de interpretación de imágenes radiológicas que exponemos en esta serie.

Aportació al coneixement florístic de les Guilleries i del Collsacabra (Catalunya Oriental), III

En la present nota indiquem un seguit de novetats corològiques per a la flora vascular dels massissos de les Guilleries i del Collsacabra.

Ouranós-Gaia. L’espai a Grècia III: anomenar l’espai

Aquesta obra recull les aportacions del III Col·loqui internacional sobre la concepció de l'espai a Grècia "Cel i Terra: anomenar l'espai a Grècia", coorganitzat per la Societat Catalana d'Estudis Clàssics (filial de l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans) i l'ICAC i que va tenir lloc els dies 29 i 30 de novembre del 2010. Es tracta del tercer volum sobre la concepció de l’espai a Grècia editat pel grup de recerca “L’espai segons el veien i el pensaven els grecs”.