Algunos datos paleoecológicos y tafonómicos de un yacimiento pliocénico del Ampurdán

The fossiliferous beds of the 'Cementerio de Ciurana (Gerona) ', have been studied from Taphonomy and Paleoeco.. logy viewpoints. The mode of formation of the fossil assem.. blages hardly implicates transport and the vertical successiori seems to represent a regressive sequence from former normal marine conditions.

Correlación bioestratigráfica entre las sucesiones miocénicas marinas de Sant Pau d'0rdal y Sant Llorenc d'Hortons (Depresión del Vallès - Penedès, Barcelona)

En base a los moluscos fósiles y a criterios sedimentológicos, se realiza una reconstrucción paleoambiental del sector de Sant Pau d'Ordal y de La Pedrera de Sant Llorenq d'Hortons y se deduce la equivalencia lateral de ambas localidades, a las que se atribuye una edad Langhiense-Serravaliense inferior. La presencia del pterópodo Vaginella austriaca, KITTL citado por primera vez en diversos yacimientos del Penedis, permite afirmar que durante este periodo existió una buena comunicación entre el golfo del Penedes y el mar abierto.

Señales de depredación en los Gastropoda procedentes de un yacimiento pliocénico de Molins de Rei (Barcelona). Implicaciones paleoecológicas

En la presente nota se da una lista ampliada de la fauna malacológica del yacimiento pliocénico de la Plaça de les Bruixes (Molis de Rei, Barcelona). Los fenómenos de coacción que se describen nos muestran su utilidad a la hora de definir las condiciones ambientales y paleogeográficas del lugar donde habita la fauna.

Toward partial redirection of energy policy for responsible development

This paper addresses the surprising lack of quality control on the analysis and selection on energy policies observable in the last decades. As an example, we discuss the delusional idea that it is possible to replace fossil energy with large scale ethanol production from agricultural crops. But if large scale ethanol production is not practical in energetic terms, why huge amount of money has been invested in it and is it still being invested? In order to answer this question we introduce two concepts useful to frame, in general terms, the predicament of quality control in science: (i) the concept of “granfalloons” proposed by K. Vonnegut (1963) flagging the danger of the formation of “crusades to save the world” void of real meaning. These granfalloons are often used by powerful lobbies to distort policy decisions; and (ii) the concept of Post-Normal science by S. Funtowicz and J. Ravetz (1990) indicating a standard predicament faced by science when producing information for governance. When mixing together uncertainty, multiple-scale and legitimate but contrasting views it becomes impossible to deal with complex issue using the conventional scientific approach based on reductionism. We finally discuss the implications of a different approach to the assessment of alternative energy sources by introducing the concept of Promethean technology.

Spatial polarization of the ecological footprint distribution

The international allocation of natural resources is determined, not by any ethical or ecological criteria, but by the dominance of market mechanisms. From a core-periphery perspective, this allocation may even be driven by historically determined structural patterns, with a core group of countries whose consumption appropriates most available natural resources, and another group, having low natural resource consumption, which plays a peripheral role. This article consists of an empirical distributional analysis of natural resource consumption (as measured by Ecological Footprints) whose purpose is to assess the extent to which the distribution of consumption responds to polarization (as opposed to mere inequality). To assess this, we estimate and decompose different polarization indices for a balanced sample of 119 countries over the period 1961 to 2007. Our results points toward a polarized distribution which is consistent with a core-periphery framework. Keywords: Polarization, Core-Periphery, Ecological Footprint

Paleontología cultural y Etnopaleontología. Dos nuevos enfoques sobre el registro fósil

En este artículo se dan a conocer las características de una nueva línea de investigación, abierta y desarrollada por el autor, que integra conocimientos provenientes de cuatro disciplinas académicas distintas: Paleontología, Lingüística, Literatura y Etnología. Asimismo se apuntan algunas posibilidades de aplicación educativa y/o de vinculación curricular.

Espeleotoponímia de motivació paleontològica i antracotoponímia de les Illes Balears

En aquest treball es recopilen i estudien, des d’una perspectiva etnopaleontològica, les aportacions i influencies exercides pels fòssils en relació al patrimoni onomàstic toponímic relacionat amb cavitats càrstiques de l’àmbit geogràfic de les Illes Balears. Generalment es tracta de microtopònims moderns o recents, en vies de popularització i/o tradicionalització (neotopònims), establerts pels científics que estudien les coves i/o esportistes del món de l’espeleologia (topocultismes). Es poden distingir entre espeleotopònims de primer ordre (quan es refereixen a cavitats completes) i de segon ordre (quan es refereixen a un sector d’una cavitat). També es realitza una primera aproximació als topònims referits a mines d’extracció de carbó fòssil (antracotopònims).

Nuevos datos sobre los yacimientos wurmienses del litoral catalán

We present a new bed of cold Malacological fauna of the Wrm in the Catalan littoral, one af its species is dated for the first time iii the hlediterranean (Sipho curtus). We point out the predorninance of Gasteropoda as regards Bivalves in comparison with the other cold beds known.

Reexposure and advection of C-14-depleted organic carbon from old deposits at the upper continental slope

Outcrops of old strata at the shelf edge resulting from erosive gravity-driven flows have been globally described on continental margins. The reexposure of old strata allows for the reintroduction of aged organic carbon (OC), sequestered in marine sediments for thousands of years, into the modern carbon cycle. This pool of reworked material represents an additional source of C-14-depleted organic carbon supplied to the ocean, in parallel with the weathering of fossil organic carbon delivered by rivers from land. To understand the dynamics and implications of this reexposure at the shelf edge, a biogeochemical study was carried out in the Gulf of Lions (Mediterranean Sea) where erosive processes, driven by shelf dense water cascading, are currently shaping the seafloor at the canyon heads. Mooring lines equipped with sediment traps and current meters were deployed during the cascading season in the southwestern canyon heads, whereas sediment cores were collected along the sediment dispersal system from the prodelta regions down to the canyon heads. Evidence from grain-size, X-radiographs and Pb-210 activity indicate the presence in the upper slope of a shelly-coarse surface stratum overlying a consolidated deposit. This erosive discontinuity was interpreted as being a result of dense water cascading that is able to generate sufficient shear stress at the canyon heads to mobilize the coarse surface layer, eroding the basal strata. As a result, a pool of aged organic carbon (Delta C-14 = -944.5 +/- 24.7%; mean age 23,650 +/- 3,321 ybp) outcrops at the modern seafloor and is reexposed to the contemporary carbon cycle. This basal deposit was found to have relatively high terrigenous organic carbon (lignin = 1.48 +/- 0.14 mg/100 mg OC), suggesting that this material was deposited during the last low sea-level stand. A few sediment trap samples showed anomalously depleted radiocarbon concentrations (Delta C-14 = -704.4 +/- 62.5%) relative to inner shelf (Delta C-14 = -293.4 +/- 134.0%), mid-shelf (Delta C-14 = -366.6 +/- 51.1%), and outer shelf (Delta C-14 = -384 +/- 47.8%) surface sediments. Therefore, although the major source of particulate material during the cascading season is resuspended shelf deposits, there is evidence that this aged pool of organic carbon can be eroded and laterally advected downslope.

Natural or naturalized? phylogeography suggests that the abundant sea urchin arbacia lixula Is a recent Colonizer of the Mediterranean

We present the global phylogeography of the black sea urchin Arbacia lixula, an amphi-Atlantic echinoid with potential to strongly impact shallow rocky ecosystems. Sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase gene of 604 specimens from 24 localities were obtained, covering most of the distribution area of the species, including the Mediterranean and both shores of the Atlantic. Genetic diversity measures, phylogeographic patterns, demographic parameters and population differentiation were analysed. We found high haplotype diversity but relatively low nucleotide diversity, with 176 haplotypes grouped within three haplogroups: one is shared between Eastern Atlantic (including Mediterranean) and Brazilian populations, the second is found in Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean and the third is exclusively from Brazil. Significant genetic differentiation was found between Brazilian, Eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean regions, but no differentiation was found among Mediterranean sub-basins or among Eastern Atlantic sub-regions. The star-shaped topology of the haplotype network and the unimodal mismatch distributions of Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic samples suggest that these populations have suffered very recent demographic expansions. These expansions could be dated 94-205 kya in the Mediterranean, and 31-67 kya in the Eastern Atlantic. In contrast, Brazilian populations did not show any signature of population expansion. Our results indicate that all populations of A. lixula constitute a single species. The Brazilian populations probably diverged from an Eastern Atlantic stock. The present-day genetic structure of the species in Eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean is shaped by very recent demographic processes. Our results support the view (backed by the lack of fossil record) that A. lixula is a recent thermophilous colonizer which spread throughout the Mediterranean during a warm period of the Pleistocene, probably during the last interglacial. Implications for the possible future impact of A. lixula on shallow Mediterranean ecosystems in the context of global warming trends must be considered.

Catálogo sistemático y estratigráfico de los Pectínidos del Neógeno del NE de España (Excepto Baleares)

Se da un catálogo sistemático y estratigráfico de los pectnidos del Negeno del NE de España.

Sobre el Garumniense de Claret (Tremp-Lérida) y su 'contaminación' por el Ilerdiense.

El estudio de la serie marina del Ilerdiense del Oeste (le Tremp (Lérida), sobre todo en el corte de la Carretera de Tremp a Pont de Montañana, ha sido ya realizado y sus resultados publicados parcialmente (DE REKZI 1965 y en prensa)...

Moluscos y crustáceos: una relación traumática. Evidencias en el Plioceno catalán

Se estudian y comparan las trazas de depredación realizadas presumiblemente por crustáceos dedópodos sobre conchas degasterpodos y bivalvos procedentes de las áreas pliocéanicas catalanas del Baix Llobregat y del Empordà.

Euthyneura del Plioceno del Empordà (Girona). Descriptiva y sistemática

En el presente trabajo se describen.16 especies de Euthyneura procedentes del Plioceno ael Empordh. Girona. Para ello se ha tenido en cuenta tanto el material nuevo como el procedente de las colecciones ya existentes, Cuando el numero dc individuos lo ha permitido, la descripcion ha sido acompañada por los siguientes datos numericos: valor maximo (M), minimo (m), media (x). desviación tipica (S). varianza (s2). intervalos media y varianza. asi como elcoeficiente de correlación (r).

Moluscos y crustáceos: una relación traumática. Evidencias en el Plioceno catalán

Se estudian y comparan las trazas de depredación realizadas presumiblemente por crustáceos dedópodos sobre conchas degasterpodos y bivalvos procedentes de las áreas pliocéanicas catalanas del Baix Llobregat y del Empordà.