Valoració dels estudiants universitaris sobre la incorporación de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona a l'Espai Europeu d'Educació Superior

Els canvis de metodologia docent que ha comportat el Procés de Bolonya impliquen variacions en l'avaluació continuada, augment dels treballs en grup, reducció de les classes magistrals i un nombre més elevat de pràctiques. Les valoracions dels estudiants en relació amb la introducció dels canvis metodològics del Procés de Bolonya són positives i negatives alhora. Els estudiants veuen amb bons ulls aquests canvis metodològics, perquè poden significar millores en els aprenentatges que adquireixin, però consideren que, tal com s¿estan duent a terme en aquesta universitat, ràpidament, sense recursos i amb poca reflexió prèvia, comporten finalment efectes negatius per a ells. Davant l'alta càrrega de treball que han comportat aquests canvis, els estudiants es converteixen en actors estratègics, atès que duen a terme accions superficials o profundes segons les tasques que els demanen els professors. Els canvis en la metodologia docent poden produir efectes positius en el procés d'aprenentatge dels estudiants (pertinença, seguretat i necessitats fisiològiques), però fins que els factors de manteniment no arribin a un cert llindar de qualitat, els efectes positius no es visualitzaran.

Estrategias de gestión y comunicación de los líderes intermedios en la aplicación de los ECTS

Los datos que se utilizan en este artículo proceden de una investigación sobre el Proceso de Bolonia llevada a cabo en diez titulaciones de una sola universidad; seis de ellas forman parte del proyecto piloto para incorporar los European Credit Transfer System (ECTS). En este trabajo, nos centramos en cómo los líderes intermedios de las titulaciones piloto estudiadas ponen en marcha la implementación de los ECTS siguiendo estrategias diferenciadas de gestión, generación de consenso y comunicación. Asimismo, se examinan las respuestas que el profesorado de las mismas titulaciones da, en términos de valoración de la gestión, las actitudes ante la reforma y el grado de información percibido. El análisis nos permite identificar algunas oportunidades y constricciones ¿derivadas de las formas de gestión consideradas legítimas por los miembros de esta institución universitaria¿ ante las que se sitúa la acción de los líderes intermedios.

Epigenetic Activation of SOX11 in Lymphoid Neoplasms by Histone Modifications

Recent studies have shown aberrant expression of SOX11 in various types of aggressive B-cell neoplasms. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms leading to such deregulation, we performed a comprehensive SOX11 gene expression and epigenetic study in stem cells, normal hematopoietic cells and different lymphoid neoplasms. We observed that SOX11 expression is associated with unmethylated DNA and presence of activating histone marks (H3K9/14Ac and H3K4me3) in embryonic stem cells and some aggressive B-cell neoplasms. In contrast, adult stem cells, normal hematopoietic cells and other lymphoid neoplasms do not express SOX11. Such repression was associated with silencing histone marks H3K9me2 and H3K27me3. The SOX11 promoter of non-malignant cells was consistently unmethylated whereas lymphoid neoplasms with silenced SOX11 tended to acquire DNA hypermethylation. SOX11 silencing in cell lines was reversed by the histone deacetylase inhibitor SAHA but not by the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor AZA. These data indicate that, although DNA hypermethylation of SOX11 is frequent in lymphoid neoplasms, it seems to be functionally inert, as SOX11 is already silenced in the hematopoietic system. In contrast, the pathogenic role of SOX11 is associated with its de novo expression in some aggressive lymphoid malignancies, which is mediated by a shift from inactivating to activating histone modifications.

Sistema de becas y equidad participativa en la universidad

El objetivo del artículo es analizar el impacto del aumento de tasas universitarias del 66% que se implementó en Cataluña en el cuso 2012-13 y el papel de las becas provenientes del gobierno central. Se analizan los datos de los estudiantes de nuevo acceso de dos universidades catalanas, considerando clase social, titulación elegida y solicitud de beca, y se compara el año anterior y posterior al aumento de las tasas. Se constata cómo hay una diferente composición social en las diferentes titulaciones según coste de la matrícula y dificultad de superar los créditos. Así se muestra una estratificación en las universidades analizadas y un aumento de ésta en los cursos analizados, alejando así el sistema universitario de la equidad participativa de los estudiantes.

Phylogeography of competing sexual and parthenogenetic forms of a freshwater flatworm: patterns and explanations

Background: Models of the maintenance of sex predict that one reproductive strategy, sexual or parthenogenetic, should outcompete the other. Distribution patterns may reflect the outcome of this competition as well as the effect of chance and historical events. We review the distribution data of sexual and parthenogenetic biotypes of the planarian Schmidtea polychroa. Results: S. polychroa lives in allopatry or sympatry across Europe except for Central and North-Western Europe, where sexual individuals have never been reported. A phylogenetic relationship between 36 populations based on a 385 bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene revealed that haplotypes were often similar over large geographic distances. In North Italian lakes, however, diversity was extreme, with sequence differences of up to 5% within the same lake in both sexuals and parthenogens. Mixed populations showed "endemic" parthenogenetic lineages that presumably originated from coexisting sexuals, and distantly related ones that probably result from colonization by parthenogens independent from sexuals. Conclusions: Parthenogens originated repeatedly from sexuals, mainly in Italy, but the same may apply to other Mediterranean regions (Spain, Greece). The degree of divergence between populations suggests that S. polychroa survived the ice ages in separate ice-free areas in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe and re-colonised Europe after the retreat of the major glaciers. Combining these results with those based on nuclear markers, the data suggest that repeated hybridisation between sexuals and parthenogenetic lineages in mixed populations maintains high levels of genetic diversity in parthenogens. This can explain why parthenogens persist in populations that were originally sexual. Exclusive parthenogenesis in central and western populations suggests better colonisation capacity, possibly because of inbreeding costs as well

Institutional Determinants of Military Spending

Drawing on a database for 1988-2006 containing information on 157 countries, we investigate the effects on military spending of government form, electoral rules, concentration of parliamentary parties, and ideology. From an OLS regression on pooled data, our results show that presidential democracies spend more than parliamentary systems on defense, whereas the presence of a plurality voting system will reduce the defense burden. Our findings suggest that, in contrast to theoretical predictions in the literature, institutions do not have the same impact on the provision of all public goods. We present as well evidence regarding the effect of ideology on defense spending.