730 resultados para Treball social comunitari -- Catalunya -- Girona


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Sobre la Girona Constitucional del trienni 1820-1823, en base la documentació existent a l'Arxiu Municipal i a l'Arxiu Diocesà

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Sobre l'emergència i presa de consciència d'una classe dirigent a la societat gironina de finals del segle XVIII

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Fa dotze anys l'autor d'aquest article va donar a conèixer la documentació dels anys 1944-1946 que, procedent dels arxius governatius i de les presons gironines, feia referència a la vida clandestina i de represaliat del polític i professor Josep Pallach (Figueres 1920-l’Hospitalet de Llobregat 1977), antic militant del Bloc Obrer i Camperol i del Partit Obrer d’Unificació Marxista (POUM). Aquest article del 2005 complementa aquella recerca amb la recuperació d’una documentació similar, relativa al temps final del franquisme i al període inicial de la transició, els quals es corresponen també amb els darrers anys del periple vital del protagonista d’aquestes pàgines

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Sobre els valors de la Renaixença

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A group of teachers and students of the Geography Unit of the University of Girona conducted a field trip in a part of Northern Morocco, which once belonged to the Spanish Protectorate. The visit took place between 24th and 30th April 2000. Some teachers of the University of Tetouan accompanied the group and offered comprehensive geographical explanations of the area, including physical, social and economic aspects

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L' any 1992, aprofitant les Olimpíades de Barcelona, és l'any en què a Talteüll hi tenen també lloc diferents esdeveniments com la inauguració del nou Museu de Prehistòria de Talteüll i la realilzació d'un cicle de conferències sobre la història de Catalunya

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Durant la primera meitat del segle XX, el nivell de vida i les condicions de treball de molts sectors pagesos varen deteriorar-se. La imatge més contundent d'aquest deteriorament es troba en el contlicte que esclatà durant els anys trenta, a recés d'unes condicions polítiques oberturistes i esperonat per una depressió económica mundial

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Per a la burgesia agrària catalana la primera meitat del segle XX va significar l'era dels atacs a la propietat. La qüestió de la distribució de la propietat i la necessitat de reformar-la va convertir-se, durant la II República, en l'eix del debat polític i en una causa fonamental de la polarització experimentada per la societat catalana. L'agreujament dels conflictes socials del món rural i el posterior inici d'un procés de reforma agrària varen afectar fortament els interessos i els drets adquirits de la classe propietària, i aquesta va respondre de manera contundent. Malgrat l'aparent unitat de la dreta en la defensa de la distribució de la propietat vigent aleshores, no podem passar per alt l'existència de propostes d'actuació de caràcter prou divergent en el si d'aquest bloc político-social. En aquest sentit la figura i l'obra publicistica de Pelai Negre i Pastell (1895-1984) adquireix un valor peculiar en tant que el seu discurs, tot i vetllar per la salvaguarda d'aquests drets també proposa una línia transformació progressiva i conservadora coneguda com a Acció Social Agrària

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Article sobre la trajectòria de Jaume Vicens Vives, emfatitzant els aspectes més vinculats amb la seva intervenció i influència en la vida social i política de la Catalunya de la segona dècada de l’època franquista. En aquest sentit, es destaca per una banda, el seu paper d'autor de llibres d'assaig que volien arribar a un públic ampli, mes enllà dels seus alumnes a les aules i seminaris universitaris; i, per l'altra, les seves vinculacions amb determinats sectors socials, especialment vinculats a la burgesia, amb la voluntat de contribuir als canvis econòmics i polítics del país, en uns moments que la política econòmica autàrquica del franquisme dels anys quaranta ja estava tocant sostre i els grups d’oposició catalanista al franquisme començaven a organitzar-se

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A version of Matheron’s discrete Gaussian model is applied to cell composition data.The examples are for map patterns of felsic metavolcanics in two different areas. Q-Qplots of the model for cell values representing proportion of 10 km x 10 km cell areaunderlain by this rock type are approximately linear, and the line of best fit can be usedto estimate the parameters of the model. It is also shown that felsic metavolcanics in theAbitibi area of the Canadian Shield can be modeled as a fractal

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The biplot has proved to be a powerful descriptive and analytical tool in many areasof applications of statistics. For compositional data the necessary theoreticaladaptation has been provided, with illustrative applications, by Aitchison (1990) andAitchison and Greenacre (2002). These papers were restricted to the interpretation ofsimple compositional data sets. In many situations the problem has to be described insome form of conditional modelling. For example, in a clinical trial where interest isin how patients’ steroid metabolite compositions may change as a result of differenttreatment regimes, interest is in relating the compositions after treatment to thecompositions before treatment and the nature of the treatments applied. To study thisthrough a biplot technique requires the development of some form of conditionalcompositional biplot. This is the purpose of this paper. We choose as a motivatingapplication an analysis of the 1992 US President ial Election, where interest may be inhow the three-part composition, the percentage division among the three candidates -Bush, Clinton and Perot - of the presidential vote in each state, depends on the ethniccomposition and on the urban-rural composition of the state. The methodology ofconditional compositional biplots is first developed and a detailed interpretation of the1992 US Presidential Election provided. We use a second application involving theconditional variability of tektite mineral compositions with respect to major oxidecompositions to demonstrate some hazards of simplistic interpretation of biplots.Finally we conjecture on further possible applications of conditional compositionalbiplots

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We propose to analyze shapes as “compositions” of distances in Aitchison geometry asan alternate and complementary tool to classical shape analysis, especially when sizeis non-informative.Shapes are typically described by the location of user-chosen landmarks. Howeverthe shape – considered as invariant under scaling, translation, mirroring and rotation– does not uniquely define the location of landmarks. A simple approach is to usedistances of landmarks instead of the locations of landmarks them self. Distances arepositive numbers defined up to joint scaling, a mathematical structure quite similar tocompositions. The shape fixes only ratios of distances. Perturbations correspond torelative changes of the size of subshapes and of aspect ratios. The power transformincreases the expression of the shape by increasing distance ratios. In analogy to thesubcompositional consistency, results should not depend too much on the choice ofdistances, because different subsets of the pairwise distances of landmarks uniquelydefine the shape.Various compositional analysis tools can be applied to sets of distances directly or afterminor modifications concerning the singularity of the covariance matrix and yield resultswith direct interpretations in terms of shape changes. The remaining problem isthat not all sets of distances correspond to a valid shape. Nevertheless interpolated orpredicted shapes can be backtransformated by multidimensional scaling (when all pairwisedistances are used) or free geodetic adjustment (when sufficiently many distancesare used)

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We compare correspondance análisis to the logratio approach based on compositional data. We also compare correspondance análisis and an alternative approach using Hellinger distance, for representing categorical data in a contingency table. We propose a coefficient which globally measures the similarity between these approaches. This coefficient can be decomposed into several components, one component for each principal dimension, indicating the contribution of the dimensions to the difference between the two representations. These three methods of representation can produce quite similar results. One illustrative example is given

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The use of orthonormal coordinates in the simplex and, particularly, balance coordinates, has suggested the use of a dendrogram for the exploratory analysis of compositional data. The dendrogram is based on a sequential binary partition of a compositional vector into groups of parts. At each step of a partition, one group of parts isdivided into two new groups, and a balancing axis in the simplex between both groupsis defined. The set of balancing axes constitutes an orthonormal basis, and the projections of the sample on them are orthogonal coordinates. They can be represented in adendrogram-like graph showing: (a) the way of grouping parts of the compositional vector; (b) the explanatory role of each subcomposition generated in the partition process;(c) the decomposition of the total variance into balance components associated witheach binary partition; (d) a box-plot of each balance. This representation is useful tohelp the interpretation of balance coordinates; to identify which are the most explanatory coordinates; and to describe the whole sample in a single diagram independentlyof the number of parts of the sample

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The application of compositional data analysis through log ratio trans-formations corresponds to a multinomial logit model for the shares themselves.This model is characterized by the property of Independence of Irrelevant Alter-natives (IIA). IIA states that the odds ratio in this case the ratio of shares is invariant to the addition or deletion of outcomes to the problem. It is exactlythis invariance of the ratio that underlies the commonly used zero replacementprocedure in compositional data analysis. In this paper we investigate using thenested logit model that does not embody IIA and an associated zero replacementprocedure and compare its performance with that of the more usual approach ofusing the multinomial logit model. Our comparisons exploit a data set that com-bines voting data by electoral division with corresponding census data for eachdivision for the 2001 Federal election in Australia