789 resultados para Corominas, Josep Maria


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Observational and theoretical studies point to microquasars (MQs) as possible counterparts of a significant fraction of the unidentified gamma-ray sources detected so far. At present, a proper scenario to explain the emission beyond soft X-rays from these objects is not known, nor what the precise connection is between the radio and the high-energy radiation. We develop a new model where the MQ jet is dynamically dominated by cold protons and radiatively dominated by relativistic leptons. The matter content and power of the jet are both related with the accretion process. The magnetic field is assumed to be close to equipartition, although it is attached to and dominated by the jet matter. For the relativistic particles in the jet, their maximum energy depends on both the acceleration efficiency and the energy losses. The model takes into account the interaction of the relativistic jet particles with the magnetic field and all the photon and matter fields. Such interaction produces significant amounts of radiation from radio to very high energies through synchrotron, relativistic Bremsstrahlung, and inverse Compton (IC) processes. Variability of the emission produced by changes in the accretion process (e.g. via orbital eccentricity) is also expected. The effects of the gamma-ray absorption by the external photon fields on the gamma-ray spectrum have been taken into account, revealing clear spectral features that might be observed. This model is consistent to the accretion scenario, energy conservation laws, and current observational knowledge, and can provide deeper physical information of the source when tested against multiwavelength data.

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Award-winning

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El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es indagar si las habituales tentativas por descifrarel pensamiento desde un punto de vista sociológico, a pesar de su vehemente compromisoantirreduccionista, podrían aceptar en último término la reducción de ideas, argumentos y doctrinasa sus presuntos determinantes sociales. En una primera etapa analizamos el ¿sociologismoanómalo¿ de Martin Kusch, señalamos algunas de sus lagunas, y establecemos que la panopliaconceptual en losofía de la mente es fértilmente aplicable al ámbito racional-social. A continuaciónconsideramos el funcionalismo reduccionista de Jaegwon Kim, nos centramos en latesis de que los estados intencionales de la mente, al contrario de lo que ocurre con los qualia,son causalmente funcionalizables, e intentamos establecer sus posibles repercusiones en la interpretaciónsocial del pensamiento. La aplicación de la metodología funcionalista al horizonteracional-social, de todos modos, parece venir desmentida por la evidencia, ya que las propiedadesdel pensamiento equiparables a los qualia son de hecho eminentemente funcionalizablesen la medida que fundamentan la efectividad social de los recursos gurativos y retóricos. Enun sentido análogo, la obra de Hans Blumenberg demuestra que los inescrutables ingredientes gurativos de todo pensamiento que él denomina ¿metáforas absolutas¿ son tan decisivos paracualquier proceso abstractivo que los conceptos nunca llegan a agotar su alcance determinador.Con lo cual los conceptos y las ideas más generales, antes considerados del todo funcionalizables,ahora dependen de algunas metáforas básicas, aun cuando por analogía con los qualia selas creía inmunes a toda funcionalización. Por tanto parece que la reducción no puede resolverlas di cultades que plantean los presuntos ¿determinantes sociales del pensamiento¿. Al mismotiempo, y con rmando así algunos emergentismos, los aspectos causal-funcionales del ámbitoracional-social dan la impresión de ser inconciliables con la enigmática estructura causal queponen de mani esto las aproximaciones losó cas al problema mente-cuerpo.

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Este trabaio se propone esclarecer la tensión entre el momento finitista y el momentoontológico en la doctina del primer Heidegger. Constata que la finitud expresa la referencia recíproca del ser v el ente en la diferencia ontológica, ayudando a unificar los modos alternativos (el én-cubrimiento y el des-en-ubrimiento) de la verdad. Así revoca una bifurcación que la propia finitud propiciaba. La unidad de la verdad y la no-verdad, en suma, parece descansar sobre la eventualidad de una «nada» liberada de la onticidad. Por otra parte, la finitud y el ontologismo solicitan una metodología basada en la «circularidad». La fundamentación del ente por el ser no se encuentra en condiciones de excluir la

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Este trabajo quiere esclarecer cómo y por qué, en la doctrina del «primer» Heidegger,la hermenéutica emerge como el complemento metodológico indispensable para el transcendentalismo de la fenomenología. Constata que la afinidad metodológica es el vínculo decisivo entre esta doctrina y la ontología fundamental, en contraste con una manifiesta disparidad temática: la conciencia, la intencionalidad y la reflexión son tres cruciales referenciasfenomenológicas que carecen de contrapartida fundamental-ontológica. Pero si Heidegger preserva la dimensión transcendental recogida de la fenomenología, tambiénimprime a su doctrina un carácter específicamente hermenéutico, patente en la transformación que recibe la noción capital de Auslegung. Hermenéutica y transcendentalismo, en efecto,no sólo no son antagónicos sino que estjn armonizados en el rnodus operandi de la ontología fundamental. En su indagación del a priori de toda constitución de sentido, tributaria de un antideductivismo tan exacerbado como el de la fenomenología, Heidegger introduce una dimensión metodológica inédita. Al fin y al cabo, la automostración del ser no ocupa el lugar teórico, supuestamente ametódico, que la fenomenología asigna a la in-mediatez.Entender esta mutación del método fenomenológico, desde luego, conlleva explorar en detalle cómo integró Heidegger las dispares componentes doctrinales de la ontología fundamental y por qué se empeñó en cuestionar el carácter neutral que se suele exigir al método.Transponiendo el transcendentalismo presencialista de Husserl en un proyecto ontológico, reinterpretó la metodología de la «intuitividad presentificadora» hasta hacerla compatible con una noción radicalmente ampliada de fenómeno. Así una indagación fenomenológica legítima ha de investigar transcendentalmente el «sentido del ser» como el apriori absoluto.La fenomenología ha de ser realizada como ontología.

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La realidad de la naturaleza, en el último Merleau-Ponty, irrumpe como el verdaderosentido de la «actitud natural» husserliana. Al resultar entonces definitivamente cuestionada la primacía de la conciencia, emerge una inesperada filosofía del mundo natural. A partir de este momento, la naturaleza es concebida como un «surgimiento inmotivado e incontrolable», o sea como el inicio continuamente' renovado que corresponde a una génesis pura. Estainsistencia en el carácter «originano» de la naturaleza, además de evocar el compromiso deSchelling con una erste Natur o «naturaleza primordial» y su comprensión del mundo natural como «productividad originaria», suscita la posibilidad de profundizar en la actividad indagadora que es plausible denominar «ciencia de la pre-ciencia» por su propósito de reconducir el pensamiento científico al mundo natural, preteórico y antepredicativo, del cual procede, y a la que se asignan dos finalidades explícitas: 1) denunciar la ceguera de la cienciaante la realidad primordial de la cual subrepticiamente se nutre, y 2) advertir en nuestra vida perceptiva una profundidad y una riqueza que, al igual que sucede en el caso del arte, habrían permanecido ignoradas sin esta paradójica intervención de la ciencia.

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BACKGROUND: Hospitalization is a costly and distressing event associated with relapse during schizophrenia treatment. No information is available on the predictors of psychiatric hospitalization during maintenance treatment with olanzapine long-acting injection (olanzapine-LAI) or how the risk of hospitalization differs between olanzapine-LAI and oral olanzapine. This study aimed to identify the predictors of psychiatric hospitalization during maintenance treatment with olanzapine-LAI and assessed four parameters: hospitalization prevalence, incidence rate, duration, and the time to first hospitalization. Olanzapine-LAI was also compared with a sub-therapeutic dose of olanzapine-LAI and with oral olanzapine. METHODS: This was a post hoc exploratory analysis of data from a randomized, double-blind study comparing the safety and efficacy of olanzapine-LAI (pooled active depot groups: 405 mg/4 weeks, 300 mg/2 weeks, and 150 mg/2 weeks) with oral olanzapine and sub-therapeutic olanzapine-LAI (45 mg/4 weeks) during 6 months' maintenance treatment of clinically stable schizophrenia outpatients (n=1064). The four psychiatric hospitalization parameters were analyzed for each treatment group. Within the olanzapine-LAI group, patients with and without hospitalization were compared on baseline characteristics. Logistic regression and Cox's proportional hazards models were used to identify the best predictors of hospitalization. Comparisons between the treatment groups employed descriptive statistics, the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox's proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Psychiatric hospitalization was best predicted by suicide threats in the 12 months before baseline and by prior hospitalization. Compared with sub-therapeutic olanzapine-LAI, olanzapine-LAI was associated with a significantly lower hospitalization rate (5.2% versus 11.1%, p < 0.01), a lower mean number of hospitalizations (0.1 versus 0.2, p = 0.01), a shorter mean duration of hospitalization (1.5 days versus 2.9 days, p < 0.01), and a similar median time to first hospitalization (35 versus 60 days, p = 0.48). Olanzapine-LAI did not differ significantly from oral olanzapine on the studied hospitalization parameters. CONCLUSIONS: In clinically stable schizophrenia outpatients receiving olanzapine-LAI maintenance treatment, psychiatric hospitalization was best predicted by a history of suicide threats and prior psychiatric hospitalization. Olanzapine-LAI was associated with a significantly lower incidence of psychiatric hospitalization and shorter duration of hospitalization compared with sub-therapeutic olanzapine-LAI. Olanzapine-LAI did not differ significantly from oral olanzapine on hospitalization parameters.

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International texts recognise the buyer's right to the repair or replacement if the goods do not conform with the contract, and at the same time, establish exceptions to their application and certain rules of protection for the seller (Art. 46 CISG, Art. 7.2.3 UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, Art.9:102 PECL and Arts. 4:202 y 4:204 (1) PEL S). This approach is a result of a compromise between civil law systems and the common law and it has been widely extended to the regulation of consumer sales over the last decade (Art. 3.3 of the Directive 1999/44/CE, Art. III.-3:302 DCFR, Art. 26 of the proposal for a Directive on Consumer Rights). These norms regulate the different ways of requiring the fulfilment of a contractual obligation from a new paradigm which has little to do with a need to protect the weak consumer which governed the origins of consumer policy in the European Community. Now the idea of the consumer who shall behave economically efficiently prevails in Art. 3.3 of the Directive 1999/44/CE, a norm which is clearly influenced by the international texts and whose transposing into the national legislation of Member States has created important problems for traditional dogmas. In this sense there are still some unclear issues, such as the possibility of replacing in sales of goods of specific nature or second-hand goods, some aspects on the exercise of repair and replacement, and, even, their use as primary remedies rather than a reduction in price or a rescission of the contract. With regard to this, in England the possibility of offering the consumer free choice between these measures if the goods do not conform with the contract has been raised. This is far from the principle of pacta sunt servanda and is clearly contrary to the economic approach of the proposal for a Directive on Consumer Rights. Up to now Spain has limited itself to implementing Art. 3.3 Directive 1999/44/CE into its legal system in almost literal terms and the case law on the issue has completely turned out to be insufficient. By contrast with Germany, the Spanish legislator has not extended the application of the rules of repair and replacement of Directive 1999/44/CE to nonconsumer sales, even though two draft bill proposals along these lines presented by the General Commission for Codifying (“Comisión General de Codificación”), the last one being in January, 2009

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Coastal wetlands are characterized by high biodiversity, which is one of the main criteria considered when establishing protection policies or when proposing adequate management actions. In this study, the crustacean and aquatic insect composition of the Empord`a wetlands is described. These two faunal groups contribute highly to the total biodiversity in these wetlands but are seldom considered when managing natural areas. A selection (84 sampling points) of all water body types present in the Empord`a wetlands were sampled monthly (surber and dip net with a 250 μm mesh). Sampling was carried out during 3 surveys (1991-92, 1996-97 and 1999-2000). A rich fauna of 125 crustacean and 295 aquatic insect taxa was identified. We characterized each water body type using the most abundant species and the relative species richness of the taxonomic groups. A classification of the water body types, according to similarity between inventories, groups the brackish and hyperhaline systems in one cluster and the various freshwater systems in another one. Among freshwater systems, lotic waters and freshwater wetlands have a high similarity, whereas rice fields and freshwater springs have a low similarity