La recuperación de la palabra. Perspectivas hermenéuticas sobre la cuestión del lenguaje

El planteamiento hermenéutico del tema del lenguaje, en su versión gadameriana,constituye una importante aportación al diálogo con las distintas posiciones en las que el pensamiento de nuestro siglo se hace eco de un problema: la incapacidad del lenguajepara articular la experiencia del mundo, en orden a posibilitar el ejercicio de la racionalidad práctica. La pretensión de estas páginas es presentar el sesgo desde el que estaintervención adquiere un especial protagonismo en la filosofía de las últinias décadas y poner en discusión algunas de las posibilidades de desarrollo que, en el curso del debatede estas cuestiones, se han ido proponiendo.

Banda Municipal

Postprint (published version)

Laser treatment of 13 benign oral vascular lesions by three different surgical techniques

Objectives: Benign Oral Vascular Lesions (BOVLs) are a group of vascular diseases characterized by congenital, inflammatory or neoplastic vascular dilations clinically evidenced as more or less wide masses of commonly dark bluish color. If traumatized BOVLs are characterized by a great risk of hemorrhage and their treatment usually requires great caution to prevent massive bleeding. In the last decades lasers have dramatically changed the way of treatment of BOVLs permitting the application of even peculiar techniques that gave interesting advantages in their management reducing hemorrhage risks. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capabilities and disadvantages of three laser assisted techniques in the management of BOVLs. Study design: In this study 13 BOVLs were treated by three different laser techniques: the traditional excisional biopsy (EB), and two less invasive techniques, the transmucosal thermocoagulation (TMT) and the intralesional photocoagulation (ILP). Two different laser devices were adopted in the study: a KTP laser (DEKA, Florence, Italy, 532nm) and a GaAlAs laser (Laser Innovation, Castelgandolfo, Italy, 808nm) selected since their great effectiveness on hemoglobin. Results: In each case, lasers permitted safe treatments of BOVLs without hemorrhages, both during the intervention and in the post-operative period. The minimally invasive techniques (TMT and ILP) permitted even the safe resolution of big lesions without tissue loss. Conclusions: Laser devices confirm to be the gold standard in BOVLs treatment, permitting even the introduction of minimal invasive surgery principles and reducing the risks of hemorrhage typical of these neoplasms. As usual in laser surgery, it is necessary a clear knowledge of the devices and of the laser-tissue interaction to optimize the results reducing risks and disadvantages

Combining phospholipases and a liquid lipase for one-step biodiesel production using crude oils

Background Enzymatic biodiesel is becoming an increasingly popular topic in bioenergy literature because of its potential to overcome the problems posed by chemical processes. However, the high cost of the enzymatic process still remains the main drawback for its industrial application, mostly because of the high price of refined oils. Unfortunately, low cost substrates, such as crude soybean oil, often release a product that hardly accomplishes the final required biodiesel specifications and need an additional pretreatment for gums removal. In order to reduce costs and to make the enzymatic process more efficient, we developed an innovative system for enzymatic biodiesel production involving a combination of a lipase and two phospholipases. This allows performing the enzymatic degumming and transesterification in a single step, using crude soybean oil as feedstock, and converting part of the phospholipids into biodiesel. Since the two processes have never been studied together, an accurate analysis of the different reaction components and conditions was carried out. Results Crude soybean oil, used as low cost feedstock, is characterized by a high content of phospholipids (900 ppm of phosphorus). However, after the combined activity of different phospholipases and liquid lipase Callera Trans L, a complete transformation into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs >95%) and a good reduction of phosphorus (P <5 ppm) was achieved. The combination of enzymes allowed avoidance of the acid treatment required for gums removal, the consequent caustic neutralization, and the high temperature commonly used in degumming systems, making the overall process more eco-friendly and with higher yield. Once the conditions were established, the process was also tested with different vegetable oils with variable phosphorus contents. Conclusions Use of liquid lipase Callera Trans L in biodiesel production can provide numerous and sustainable benefits. Besides reducing the costs derived from enzyme immobilization, the lipase can be used in combination with other enzymes such as phospholipases for gums removal, thus allowing the use of much cheaper, non-refined oils. The possibility to perform degumming and transesterification in a single tank involves a great efficiency increase in the new era of enzymatic biodiesel production at industrial scale.

Circulation of a Meaban-like virus in yellow-legged gulls and seabird ticks in the western Mediterranean Basin

In recent years, a number of zoonotic flaviviruses have emerged worldwide, and wild birds serve as their major reservoirs. Epidemiological surveys of bird populations at various geographical scales can clarify key aspects of the eco-epidemiology of these viruses. In this study, we aimed at exploring the presence of flaviviruses in the western Mediterranean by sampling breeding populations of the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), a widely distributed, anthropophilic, and abundant seabird species. For 3 years, we sampled eggs from 19 breeding colonies in Spain, France, Algeria, and Tunisia. First, ELISAs were used to determine if the eggs contained antibodies against flaviviruses. Second, neutralization assays were used to identify the specific flaviviruses present. Finally, for colonies in which ELISA-positive eggs had been found, chick serum samples and potential vectors, culicid mosquitoes and soft ticks (Ornithodoros maritimus), were collected and analyzed using serology and PCR, respectively. The prevalence of flavivirus-specific antibodies in eggs was highly spatially heterogeneous. In northeastern Spain, on the Medes Islands and in the nearby village of L'Escala, 56% of eggs had antibodies against the flavivirus envelope protein, but were negative for neutralizing antibodies against three common flaviviruses: West Nile, Usutu, and tick-borne encephalitis viruses. Furthermore, little evidence of past flavivirus exposure was obtained for the other colonies. A subset of the Ornithodoros ticks from Medes screened for flaviviral RNA tested positive for a virus whose NS5 gene was 95% similar to that of Meaban virus, a flavivirus previously isolated from ticks of Larus argentatus in western France. All ELISA-positive samples subsequently tested positive for Meaban virus neutralizing antibodies. This study shows that gulls in the western Mediterranean Basin are exposed to a tick-borne Meaban-like virus, which underscores the need of exploring the spatial and temporal distribution of this flavivirus as well as its potential pathogenicity for animals and humans.

Orthopantomography contribution to prevent isquemic stroke

Objectives: The ortopantomography (OPG) can be a valuable way for an early detection of calcified atheroma plaques, thus contributing for a preliminary stroke risk evaluation. The study looks for the existence of calcified atheroma plates through the use of OPG, comparing the results with the stenosis percentage found through eco-doppler. It has been analyzed the correlation of the number of years as a smoker, arterial hypertension and body mass index, against the risk of having calcified atheroma plaques. Study Design: Observational, transversal and prospective study with 84 patients from the Dental Center of Hospital Particular de Lisboa. First the patients answered to an inquiry and them they were submitted to an OPG and an eco-doppler. Results and Conclusions: It is possible to detect calcified atheroma plaques in the carotid artery through an OPG and patients who have them have got a fifteen fold greater risk of suffering from carotid stenosis. In this study, it has been confirmed the increase in carotid stenosis for long term smokers (OR = 1,033, n=18, 42,9%). The study results show that hypertension patients have a probability 5,426 greater than normal of developing atheroma plaques (with sig=0,049). Amid analyzed patients, the correlation between obesity and the existence of carotid atheroma plaques was significant, although negative (sig=0,047). OPG can help find patients with higher risk of isquemic stroke

Can Orthopantomography be used as a tool for screening of carotid atheromatous pathology and thus be used to help reduce the prevalence of ischemic stroke within the population?

Objective: To assess the possibility of Dentists being able to screen patients with higher risk of vascular diseases. Materials: Kodak 8000C Orthopantomographer, eco-Doppler Logiq-500 General Electric at the Lisbon Hospital Particular. Methods: Assessment of orthopantomographies made to 142 patients aged 50 or more, as well as the existing risk factors. Conduction of carotid eco-Doppler to patients who appear to have calcified plaques of the atheroma. Results: Strong dependence between dichotomised age and having the pathology (p = 0.02).Smokers are twice more likely to present plaques (OR= 2). Being hypertensive increases in about 1.4 the likelihood of having a stroke (OR= 1.4). Of the 27 individuals who presented calcifications in the Orthopantomography, they were all submitted to an eco-Doppler and 21 had the pathology confirmed. 27 individuals, who did not show any plaques in the Orthopantomography, were randomly selected to be the control group. They were submitted to an eco-Doppler. And 23 confirmed the non-existence of plaques. Conclusions: Orthopantomography used for assessing the oral cavity reveals more information which should be the object of the Dentist"s attention

Estatuto del contribuyente: una visión comparada

En este trabajo se da noticia, en el epígrafe primero, de los trabajos internacionales que han guiado y acompañado el movimiento internacional de reforma del Derecho tributario. En los cuatro epígrafes sucesivos se repasa el eco que dicha tendencia tuvo en distintos ordenamientos del mundo anglosajón, en Francia, en Alemania y en Italia. Se pretende con ello contribuir a la comprensión e interpretación de la normativa española al respecto desde la perspectiva del Derecho comparado y del entorno internacional en el que nace.

Conexió

Award-winning

Estudi d'anàlisi de cicle de vida de cubicles amb coberta vegetada

Aquest projecte tracta sobre l'estudi d'unes noves solucions constructives per tal de millorar l'eficiència energètica dels edificis actuals. Per estudiar i obtenir resultats verídics s'utilitzen 4 cubicles reals, existents a Puigverd de Lleida, amb les mateixes dimensions interiors i idèntiques solucions constructives en façana però amb solucions diferents en coberta (2 d'elles amb coberta vegetada amb diferent tipus de drenatge, el tercer amb coberta plana convencional no transitable i el quart amb una solució constructiva considerada com a referència) per tal de comparar-los. És un estudi d'investigació mitjançant un anàlisi de cicle de vida (ACV) dels quatre cubicles utilitzant la base de dades Eco Invent 99.

Proyecto de construcción de senda ecoforestal de 6 km. desde "la antena de RTVE" hasta "cañada honda" en el monte Valonsadero (término municipal de Soria)

El present projecte defineix les obres necessàries per a la construcció d'una Senda Eco-forestal de 6 km de longitud des de la “Antena de RTVE” fins a “Cañada Honda” a la muntanya “Valonsadero” (Terme Municipal de Soria). S'inclou la realització dels càlculs i mesuraments pertinents, per determinar el disseny del traçat, talussos, desmunts, paviment, cunetes, canons, senyalització de la via i construcció d'elements auxiliars en dues Àrees de descans amb la finalitat d'oferir diferents serveis a l'usuari i satisfer diversos usos i objectius (recreatius, protectors, divulgatius, forestals, ramaders, extinció d'incendis, etc.).

Senyals i espills

L'objectiu d'aquest article és discutir una antiga matriu comunicativa parcialment assenyalada per A. Comte, Ch. S. Peirce i U. Eco. Aquests autors reconegueren la relació entre marques, fletxes, ensenyes i espills com a diferents metàfores bàsiques de diverses operacions cognitives, encara que no en van presentar una visió de conjunt. Tots tres van treballar la distinció entre metàfora i metonímia, que va resultar tan fructífera en diferents dominis de recerca, com Jakobson (entre altres) ens va ensenyar. La meua hipòtesi és que aquestes quatre metàfores bàsiques (marques, fletxes, ensenyes i espills) es poden deduir correctament d'una matriu que relacioni l'eix metàfora-metonímia amb menes de codi ficació. E. Verón llançà una interessant reflexió sobre els modes analògic i digital, tot partint d'un problema semblant. Marques, etxes, ensenyes i miralls poden recordar bé operacions com senyalar i assenyalar, representar i reflectir, respectivament: estipular de manera aproximada com aquests objectes i aquestes operacions estan connectats podria ser una petita contribució a l'antic programa de Peirce i els altres.

Effective Electrodiffusion equation for non uniform nanochannels

We derive a one dimensional formulation of the Planck-Nernst-Poisson equation to describe the dynamics of of a symmetric binary electrolyte in channels whose section is of nanometric section and varies along the axial direction. The approach is in the spirit of the Fick-Jacobs di fusion equation and leads to a system of coupled equations for the partial densities which depends on the charge sitting at the walls in a non trivial fashion. We consider two kinds of non uniformities, those due to the spatial variation of charge distribution and those due to the shape variation of the pore and report one and three-dimensional solutions of the electrokinetic equations.

Sociolingüística versus política y planificación lingüísticas: distinciones entre los campos y nociones integradoras

En el marc de la visió del fenomen lingüístic com a complex més que no pas com a «objecte», l"aproximació sociolingüística se centra en la llengua i els seus contextos eco-socio-cognitius. Així, la perspectiva sociolingüística es constitueix ineluctablement de forma inter- i transdisciplinària, i se situa clarament en una cruïlla de camins i perspectives que ha d"interrelacionar. No obstant, avui dia la sociolingüística és encara una àrea fragmentada i amb moltes línies d"estudi poc integrades i comunicades, i per tant el seu repte actual i de cara al futur immediat és construir un marc teòric integrador propi en el qual puguin convergir els diferents angles i plans d"estudi. En aquesta recerca d"elements generals unificadors sobresurt una noció que podria actuar si més no d"element cohesionador, i és la que es refereix al fenomen de la sociosignificació extragramàtica relacionat amb la diversitat de «com diem les coses» els humans. Així en societats amb presència de llengües distintes, dir alguna cosa fent-ne servir una o altra pot ser considerat com a significatiu per als interlocutors, tal com pot succeir en el cas de la concurrència de distintes varietats geodialectals o sociodialectals, que poden ser valorades de diferent manera pels parlants. Així mateix, més en el pla interpersonal, la selecció de formes lingüístiques i paralingüístiques adequades és crucial si, per exemple, volem indicar enuig o bé alegria i actitud festiva. Aquesta perspectiva se situa més a prop del «gir cognitivista» en les ciències socioculturals, ja que postula la centralitat del cervell-ment en el control de la conducta humana i, per tant, del comportament lingüístic.

Concurs d'idees per a la reforma i ampliació del "Colegio de Arquitectos de Córdoba"

Award-winning