Una nueva obra atribuida a Urbano Fos (Arnes, Tarragona, c. 1615-Valencia, 1658)

Urbano Fos fue uno de los mejores representantes del Barroco valenciano. En este estudio atribuimos a su pincel un lienzo inédito de gran calidad. Se trata de una magnífica representación de San Pascual Bailón. Con nuestra investigación hemos demostrado sus filiaciones técnico-artísticas y resaltado aquellos aspectos por los que se popularizó su pintura.

The Impact of a Character Posture Model on the Communication of Affect in an Immersive Virtual Environment

This paper presents the quantitative and qualitative findings from an experiment designed to evaluate a developing model of affective postures for full-body virtual characters in immersive virtual environments (IVEs). Forty-nine participants were each requested to explore a virtual environment by asking two virtual characters for instructions. The participants used a CAVE-like system to explore the environment. Participant responses and their impression of the virtual characters were evaluated through a wide variety of both quantitative and qualitative methods. Combining a controlled experimental approach with various data-collection methods provided a number of advantages such as providing a reason to the quantitative results. The quantitative results indicate that posture plays an important role in the communication of affect by virtual characters. The qualitative findings indicated that participants attribute a variety of psychological states to the behavioral cues displayed by virtual characters. In addition, participants tended to interpret the social context portrayed by the virtual characters in a holistic manner. This suggests that one aspect of the virtual scene colors the perception of the whole social context portrayed by the virtual characters. We conclude by discussing the importance of designing holistically congruent virtual characters especially in immersive settings.

Quaternary active tectonic structures in the offshore Bajo Segura basin (SE Iberian Peninsula Mediterranean Sea).

The Bajo Segura fault zone (BSFZ) is the northern terminal splay of the Eastern Betic shear zone (EBSZ), a large left-lateral strike-slip fault system of sigmoid geometry stretching more than 450 km from Alicante to Almería. The BSFZ extends from the onshore Bajo Segura basin further into the Mediterranean Sea and shows a moderate instrumental seismic activity characterized by small earthquakes. Nevertheless, the zone was affected by large historical earthquakes of which the largest was the 1829 Torrevieja earthquake (IEMS98 X). The onshore area of the BSFZ is marked by active transpressive structures (faults and folds), whereas the offshore area has been scarcely explored from the tectonic point of view. During the EVENT-SHELF cruise, a total of 10 high-resolution single-channel seismic sparker profiles were obtained along and across the offshore Bajo Segura basin. Analysis of these profiles resulted in (a) the identification of 6 Quaternary seismo-stratigraphic units bounded by five horizons corresponding to regional erosional surfaces related to global sea level lowstands; and (b) the mapping of the active sub-seafloor structures and their correlation with those described onshore. Moreover, the results suggest that the Bajo Segura blind thrust fault or the Torrevieja left-lateral strike-slip fault, with prolongation offshore, could be considered as the source of the 1829 Torrevieja earthquake. These data improve our understanding of present deformation along the BSFZ and provide new insights into the seismic hazard in the area.

Caracterización geológica de la región de enlace entre la Cuenca de Bransfield y la Dorsal Sur de Scotia (Antártida)

La Dorsal Sur de Scotia (DSS) constituye une frontera de placas transformante con sentido senestral, que limita las placas de Scotia, al norte, y Antártica, al sur. Durante la campaña de geología y geofísica marinas 'Scotia 92', realizada en Febrero de 1992 a bordo del BIO Hespérides, se ha estudiado su extremo occidental y sectores próximos a la Cuenca de Bransfield, entre el margen nor-occidental de la Península Antártica y las islas Shetland del Sur, Elefante y Orcadas del Sur. Al norte y sur de la DSS se desarrollan las cuencas de Scotia y de Powell, respectivamente. Los datos de sísmica de multicanal, magnetismo y gravimetna obtenidos muestran caracteristicas diferenciales entre ambas cuencas. La morfoestructura de la DSS, formada por dos crestas paralelas separadas por una profunda depresión axial, ha sido recubierta mediante perfilaje de multihaz con el sistema SIMRAD EM-12 en una área de 50 x 100 km. La batimetría resultante ha permitido reconocer en detalle las caracteristicas de una depresión de más de 5.300 m de profundidad y de 10 a 30 km de anchura, bautizada como Fosa Hespérides. En ella se aprecia la existencia de dos famílias de lineaciones, la primera de dirección E-W y paralela al límite de placas, y la segunda de dirección NW-SE. La primera acomodaría el movimiento cizallante regional mientras que la segunda estaría asociada con una componente extensional probablemente relacionada con la dirección de la Cuenca de Bransfield. La forma romboédrica de la fosa está determinada por la interacción de ambas famílias de lineaciones. Teniendo en cuenta que el límite de placas transcurre entre las dos crestas, interpretamos la Fosa Hespérides como una cuenca de pull-apart desarrollada como consecuencia del movimiento de cizalla a lo largo de la DSS.

Aportaciones de la prospección geofísica al estudio del subsuelo del Berguedà y Solsonés, (pre-pirineo Catalán, N.E. de la Península Ibérica)

En este trabajo se presenta la interpretaciónpor métodos geofísicos combinados de un sector del contacto entre el Pre-Pirineo y la La zona objeto del presente estudio se halla a Depresión Central Catalana...

Prospección sísmica en el Glaciar Johnsons, Isla Livingston (Antártida). (campañas antárticas 1996-1997 y 1997-1998)

Durante las campañas antárticas de 1996-97 y 1997-98, se realizaron en el glaciar Johnsons (Isla Livingston, A n t á rtida) cinco perfiles sísmicos de refracción (con un total de 2.685 m longitud) y dos perfiles de reflexión (2.980 m longitud) con el objetivo de obtener i n f o rmación sobre el grosor del hielo y la topografía del basamento. En cuanto a la sísmica de refracción, se presenta como un método e ficaz para la obtención del espesor y de la velocidad del hielo, mientras que se propone la sísmica de reflexión como la técnica más adecuada para obtener información sobre la morfología de la cubeta glacial y el contacto hielo-roca. Los resultados aportados por los anteriores métodos se han completado con un análisis minucioso de los datos de campo (estudio del frente de ondas) obteniéndose la localización de sectores con fracturas (grietas) y pudiéndose distinguir áreas de distintas características glaciológicas (zonas de acumulación y ablación). Este conocimiento de la estructura interna del glaciar mediante prospección sísmica junto con otros datos glaciológicos permitirá modelizar la dinámica del flujo del glaciar Johnsons.

Addenda a la biografia i l'obra del pintor Joan Arnau Moret (1603-1693)

The present article treats of the painter Joan Arnau Moret, catalan painter of the 17th century. Aspects treat each other as the order of the great picture preserved in the cathedral of Barcelona with the iconography The de live ry o f the ke ys of the city of Barcelona to the Immaculate, the biographical news it extracted of the process of canonization of santa Maria of Cervelló or the professional relation that Joan Arnau joined with the prince Joan Josep d’Àustria newly finished the Segadors war (The Reapers’ War). Of them the study also announces a work – the Saint Cathe rine o f Ale xandria of the chapel of Saint Catherine of the cathedral of Girona – proposes to attribute four paintings more – the paintings of the altarpiece of The Saints fo ur Martyrs of the cathedral of Girona – and thinks about the controversial paintings of the altarpiece of the Castle of Vilassar and of the monastery of Sant Joan of the Abadesses. Finally, by means of the stylistic reading of the new works, which the author considers of the best of his catalogue, one tries to demonstrate that thesources of your figurative culture and stylistic are in the painting of Madrid of the first decades of the 17th century

An active zone characterized by slow normal faults, the northwestern margin of the València trough (NE Iberia): a review

The northwestern margin of the Valencia trough is an area of low strain characterized by slow normal faults and low to moderate seismicity. Since the mid 1990s this area has been the subject of a number of studies on active tectonic which have proposed different approaches to the location of active faults and to the calculation of the parameters that describe their seismic cycle. Fifty-six active faults have been found and a classification has been made in accordance with their characteristics: a) faults with clear evidence of large paleo-, historic or instrumental earthquakes (2/56); b) faults with evidence of accumulated activity during the Plio-Quaternary and with associated instrumental seismicity (7/56); c) faults with evidence of accumulated activity during the Plio-Quaternary and without associated instrumental seismicity (17/56); d) faults with associated instrumental seismicity and without evidence of accumulated activity during the Plio-Quaternary (30/56), and e) faults without evidence of activity or inactive faults. The parameters that describe the seismic cycle of these faults have been evaluated by different methods that use the geological data obtained for each fault except when paleoseismological studies were available. This classification can be applied to other areas with low slip faults because of the simplicity of the approaches adopted. This study reviews the different approaches proposed and describes the active faults located, highlighting the need a) to better understand active faults in slow strain zones through paleoseismological studies, and b) to include them in seismic hazard studies.

Evaluation of a snow avalanche possibly triggered by a local earthquake at Vallée de la Sionne, Switzerland

Snow avalanches are moving sources of infrasonic and seismic energy. They can be triggered by many different mechanisms that include the shaking produced by earthquakes. The forces induced by an earthquake can cause an increase in the load down the slope and can also decrease the shear strength and both effects can cause the release of an avalanche. This phenomenon represents an important hazard associated with earthquakes in snow-covered mountain areas with high seismicity.

Deep incision in an Aptian carbonate succession indicates major sea-level fall in the Cretaceous

Long-term relative sea-level cycles (0 5 to 6 Myr) have yet to be fully understood for the Cretaceous. During the Aptian, in the northern Maestrat Basin (Eastern Iberian Peninsula), fault-controlled subsidence created depositional space, but eustasy governed changes in depositional trends. Relative sea-level history was reconstructed by sequence stratigraphic analysis. Two forced regressive stages of relative sea-level were recognized within three depositional sequences. The first stage is late Early Aptian age (intra Dufrenoyia furcata Zone) and is characterized by foreshore to upper shoreface sedimentary wedges, which occur detached from a highstand carbonate platform, and were deposited above basin marls. The amplitude of relative sea-level drop was in the order of tens of metres, with a duration of <1 Myr. The second stage of relative sea-level fall occurred within the Late Aptian and is recorded by an incised valley that, when restored to its pre-contractional attitude, was >2 km wide and cut 115 m down into the underlying Aptian succession. With the subsequent transgression, the incision was back-filled with peritidal to shallow subtidal deposits. The changes in depositional trends, lithofacies evolution and geometric relation of the stratigraphic units characterized are similar to those observed in coeval rocks within the Maestrat Basin, as well as in other correlative basins elsewhere. The pace and magnitude of the two relative sea-level drops identified fall within the glacio-eustatic domain. In the Maestrat Basin, terrestrial palynological studies provide evidence that the late Early and Late Aptian climate was cooler than the earliest part of the Early Aptian and the Albian Stage, which were characterized by warmer environmental conditions. The outcrops documented here are significant because they preserve the results of Aptian long-term sea-level trends that are often only recognizable on larger scales (i.e. seismic) such as for the Arabian Plate.

Deep incision in an Aptian carbonate succession indicates major sea-level fall in the Cretaceous

Long-term relative sea-level cycles (0 5 to 6 Myr) have yet to be fully understood for the Cretaceous. During the Aptian, in the northern Maestrat Basin (Eastern Iberian Peninsula), fault-controlled subsidence created depositional space, but eustasy governed changes in depositional trends. Relative sea-level history was reconstructed by sequence stratigraphic analysis. Two forced regressive stages of relative sea-level were recognized within three depositional sequences. The first stage is late Early Aptian age (intra Dufrenoyia furcata Zone) and is characterized by foreshore to upper shoreface sedimentary wedges, which occur detached from a highstand carbonate platform, and were deposited above basin marls. The amplitude of relative sea-level drop was in the order of tens of metres, with a duration of <1 Myr. The second stage of relative sea-level fall occurred within the Late Aptian and is recorded by an incised valley that, when restored to its pre-contractional attitude, was >2 km wide and cut 115 m down into the underlying Aptian succession. With the subsequent transgression, the incision was back-filled with peritidal to shallow subtidal deposits. The changes in depositional trends, lithofacies evolution and geometric relation of the stratigraphic units characterized are similar to those observed in coeval rocks within the Maestrat Basin, as well as in other correlative basins elsewhere. The pace and magnitude of the two relative sea-level drops identified fall within the glacio-eustatic domain. In the Maestrat Basin, terrestrial palynological studies provide evidence that the late Early and Late Aptian climate was cooler than the earliest part of the Early Aptian and the Albian Stage, which were characterized by warmer environmental conditions. The outcrops documented here are significant because they preserve the results of Aptian long-term sea-level trends that are often only recognizable on larger scales (i.e. seismic) such as for the Arabian Plate.

Evidence for coseismic events of recurrent prehistoric deformation along the Alhama de Murcia fault, southeastern Spain

The Alhama de Murcia fault is a 85 km long oblique-slip fault, and is related to historical and instrumental seismic activity. A paleoseismic analysis of the Lorca-Totana sector of the fault containing MSK I=VIII historical earthquakes was made in order to identify and quantify its seismic potential. We present 1) the results of the neotectonic, structural and geomorphological analyses and, 2) the results of trenching. In the study area, the Alhama de Murcia fault forms a depressed corridor between two strands, the northwestern fault with morphological and structural features of a reverse component of slip, bounding the La Tercia range to the South, and the southeastern fault strand with evidence of sinistral oblique strike-slip movement. The offset along this latter fault trapped the sediments in transit from the La Tercia range towards the Guadalentín depression. The most recent of these sediments are arranged in three generations of alluvial fans and terraces. The first two trenches were dug in the most recent sediments across the southeastern fault strand. The results indicate a coseismic reverse fault deformation that involved the sedimentary sequence up to the intermediate alluvial fan and the Holocene terrace deposits. The sedimentary evolution observed in the trenches suggests an event of temporary damming of the Colmenar creek drainage to the South due to uplifting of the hanging wall during coseismic activation of the fault. Trench, structural and sedimentological features provide evidence of at least three coseismic events, which occurred after 125,000 yr. The minimum vertical slip rate along the fault is 0.06 mm/yr and the average recurrence period should not exceed 40,000 yr in accordance with the results obtained by fan topographic profiling. Further absolute dating is ongoing to constrain these estimates.

Active tectonics of the Alhama de Murcia fault, Betic Cordillera, Spain

We present an overview of the knowledge of the structure and the seismic behavior of the Alhama de Murcia Fault (AMF). We utilize a fault traces map created from a LIDAR DEM combined with the geodynamic setting, the analysis of the morphology, the distribution of seismicity, the geological information from E 1:50000 geological maps and the available paleoseismic data to describe the recent activity of the AMF. We discuss the importance of uncertainties regarding the structure and kinematics of the AMF applied to the interpretation and spatial correlation of the paleoseismic data. In particular, we discuss the nature of the faults dipping to the SE (antithetic to the main faults of the AMF) in several segments that have been studied in the previous paleoseismic works. A special chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the tectonic source of the Lorca 2011 earthquake that took place in between two large segments of the fault.

Present-day deformation of the Pyrenees revealed by GPS surveying and earthquake focal mechanisms until 2011

The Pyrenean mountain range is a slowly deforming belt with continuous and moderate seismic activity. To quantify its deformation field, we present the velocity field estimated from a GPS survey of the Pyrenees spanning 18 yr. The PotSis and ResPyr networks, including a total of 85 GPS sites, were installed and first measured in 1992 and 1995 1997, respectively, and remeasured in 2008 and 2010. We obtain a deformation field with velocities less than 1 mm yr−1 across the range. The estimated velocities for individual stations do not differ significantly from zero with 95 per cent confidence. Even so, we estimate a maximum extensional horizontal strain rate of 2.0 ± 1.7 nanostrain per year in a N S direction in the western part of the range. We do not interpret the vertical displacements due to their large uncertainties. In order to compare the horizontal strain rates with the seismic activity, we analyse a set of 194 focal mechanisms using three methods: (i) the 'r' factor relating their P and T axes, (ii) the stress tensors obtained by fault slip inversion and (iii) the strain-rate tensors. Stress and strain-rate tensors are estimated for: (i) the whole data set, (ii) the eastern and western parts of the range separately, and (iii) eight zones, which are defined based on the seismicity and the tectonic patterns of the Pyrenees. Each of these analyses reveals a lateral variation of the deformation style from compression and extension in the east to extension and strike-slip in the west of the range. Although the horizontal components of the strain-rate tensors estimated from the seismic data are slightly smaller in magnitude than those computed from the GPS velocity field, they are consistent within the 2σ uncertainties. Furthermore, the orientations of their principal axes agree with the mapped active faults.

Extending the roughness of the data via transitive closures of similarity indexes

One main assumption in the theory of rough sets applied to information tables is that the elements that exhibit the same information are indiscernible (similar) and form blocks that can be understood as elementary granules of knowledge about the universe. We propose a variant of this concept defining a measure of similarity between the elements of the universe in order to consider that two objects can be indiscernible even though they do not share all the attribute values because the knowledge is partial or uncertain. The set of similarities define a matrix of a fuzzy relation satisfying reflexivity and symmetry but transitivity thus a partition of the universe is not attained. This problem can be solved calculating its transitive closure what ensure a partition for each level belonging to the unit interval [0,1]. This procedure allows generalizing the theory of rough sets depending on the minimum level of similarity accepted. This new point of view increases the rough character of the data because increases the set of indiscernible objects. Finally, we apply our results to a not real application to be capable to remark the differences and the improvements between this methodology and the classical one