Research policy and endogenous growth

This paper studies the effects of different types of research policy on economic growth. We find that while tax incentives to private research, public funding of private projects, and basic research performed at public institutions have unambiguously positive effects on economic growth, performing applied research at public institutions could have negative growth effects. This is due to the large crowding out of private research caused by public R\&D when it competes with private firms in the "patent race". Concerning the effects of these policies on welfare, it is found that research policy can either improve or reduce consumer welfare depending on the characteristics of the policy and that an excessively high research subsidy will reduce it.

Financial intermediation in a model of growth through creative destruction

This paper presents an endogenous growth model in which the research activity is financed by intermediaries that are able to reduce the incidence of researcher's moral hazard. It is shown that financial activity is growth promoting because it increases research productivity. It is also found that a subsidy to the financial sector may have larger growth effects than a direct subsidy to research. Moreover, due to the presence of moral hazard, increasing the subsidy rate to R\&D may reduce the growth rate. I show that there exists a negative relation between the financing of innovation and the process of capital accumulation. Concerning welfare, the presence of two externalities of opposite sign steaming from financial activity may cause that the no-tax equilibrium provides an inefficient level of financial services. Thus, policies oriented to balance the effects of the two externalities will be welfare improving.

Bribes for faster delivery

The paper models the practice of charging bribes for faster delivery of essential services in third world countries. It then examines the possibility of curbing corruption by supervision, and secondly, by introducing competition among delivery agents. It is argued that a supervisory solution eludes the problem because no hard evidence of the reduction of corruption can be established for this type of offenses. It is also shown that using more than one supplier cannot eliminate the practice, and the bribe paying part of the market attains a determinate proportion as the number of suppliers increases. However the bribe rate and average waiting time come down at a diminishing rate with increase in the number of suppliers, and this property can be used to determine an optimal number of suppliers.

La Variació de les etapes evolutives i l'adquisició dels aprenentatges aquàtics en una experiència motriu en la primera infància

My work seeks, to observe if there is some variation at some evolutionary stage starting from the knowledge obtained starting from the study of learning and development motor, with reference to a controlled group. My research details the types of aquatic abilities that take place as a consequence of a specific program. My investigation uses a quantitative methodology that compares the moments of appearance of different evolutionary stages in a first phase and a qualitative methodology for the second phase that makes those learnings thake place as a consequence of my intervention. To elaborate this process I have used an inductive and deductive method, I have based my reserach on fifteen years, of experience of these practices and used the data that has been provided to me from other's author's investigations.

La Participació del psicomotricista en el joc de l'infant

This study presents a research about the participation of psicomotricist in the play with children to find out what kind of conditions improve the development of their capacitys of relathionship. The research has four parts: 1) A teoretical revision about the terms of game, social participation and relathionship; 2) A case study based on different interviews with experts, psicomotricists and the observed psicomotricist and 4 deep observations 3) The categories of analysis from the triangulation of teoretical and case study sources of information; 4) Discussion and conclusions about general actuations of the psicomotricist, about specifical actuations with the children and about psicomotricist’s believes.

Ecological sustainability and urban form

One controversial idea present in the debate on urban sustainability is that urban sprawl is an ecological stressing problem. We have tested this popular assumption by measuring the ecological footprint of commuting and housing of the 163 municipalities of the Barcelona Metropolitan Region and by relating the estimated values with residential density and accessibility, the fundamental determinant of residential density according to the Monocentric City Model.

Limitations and biases of conventional analysis of climate change. Towards an analysis coherent with sustainable development

This paper shows the numerous problems of conventional economic analysis in the evaluation of climate change mitigation policies. The article points out the many limitations, omissions, and the arbitrariness that have characterized most evaluation models applied up until now. These shortcomings, in an almost overwhelming way, have biased the result towards the recommendation of a lower aggressiveness of emission mitigation policies. Consequently, this paper questions whether these results provide an appropriate answer to the problem. Finally, various points that an analysis coherent with sustainable development should take into account are presented.

Unemployment, growth and fiscal policy: new insights on the hysteresis hypothesis

We develop a growth model with unemployment due to imperfections in the labor market. In this model, wage inertia and balanced budget rules cause a complementarity between capital and employment capable of explaining the existence of multiple equilibrium paths. Hysteresis is viewed as the result of a selection between these diferent equilibrium paths. We use this model to argue that, in contrast to the US, those fiscal policies followed by most of the European countries after the shocks of the 1970’s may have played a central role in generating hysteresis.

Firm strategies in R&D: cooperation and participation in R&D programs

This paper presents empirical evidence on firms’ decisions to cooperate in R&D and the extent to which government sponsored R&D programs increase cooperation. Using a sample of firms from the Spanish innovation survey we jointly estimate the determinants of firm participation in R&D programs and of choice of cooperation partners. We find that (i) firms participating in national and European programs have different profiles, suggesting program complementarity; (ii) private-private and publicprivate cooperation are associated on average with firms with different characteristics, and (iii) national R&D programs seem to have a positive effect on all types of cooperation, but especially on public-private partnerships.

Dipòsits col·lectius d'e-informació

El Centre de Supercomputació de Catalunya (CESCA) i el Consorci de Biblioteques Universitàries de Catalunya (CBUC) des del 1999, com a fruït del llavors Pla Estratègic Catalunya en Xarxa, promouen activitats per posar continguts a la xarxa en accés obert. Això s’ha materialitzat, de moment, en la posada en marxa de tres dipòsits col·lectius d'e-informació: Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa (TDX), Dipòsit de la Recerca de Catalunya (RECERCAT) i Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert (RACO). Al febrer de 2001 va néixer el TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net), que permet la consulta de més de 3400 tesis doctorals llegides a les universitats de Catalunya i d'altres comunitats autònomes. Al setembre de 2005 es va inaugurar RECERCAT (www.recercat.net), un dipòsit cooperatiu de documents digitals que inclou la literatura de recerca de les universitats i dels centres d’investigació de Catalunya, com ara articles encara no publicats (preprints), comunicacions a congressos, informes de recerca, working papers, projectes de final de carrera, memòries tècniques, etc. El tercer dipòsit, RACO (www.raco.cat), s'ha posat en marxa a març de 2006, fent possible la consulta, en accés obert, dels articles a text complet de revistes científiques, culturals i erudites catalanes. Per al desenvolupament de tots tres dipòsits s'ha usat programari lliure. Per al TDX es va adaptar l'Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) de la Universitat de Virgina Tech. Per a RECERCAT, el DSpace, fet pel Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) i Hewlett-Packard (HP). I per a RACO s'ha fet servir el Open Journal Systems (OJS) del Public Knowledge Project (PKP). La comunicació pretén explicar breument què són aquests tres dipòsits, els beneficis obtinguts pel fet que hagin estat desenvolupats sota programari lliure i que les tesis, els documents de recerca i les revistes que contenen siguin en accés obert. Programari lliure i accés obert, un binomi guanyador.

Entrepreneurship, management services and economic growth

We model the joint production of entrepreneurs and workers where the former provide both entrepreneurial (strategic) and managerial (coordination, motivation) services, and management services are shared with individual workers in an output maximizing way. The static equilibrium of the model determines the endogenous share of entrepreneurs in the economy in a given moment of time. The time dynamics of the solution implies that a given growth rate in quality of entrepreneurial services contributes to productivity growth proportionally to the share of entrepreneurs at the start of the period and improvement in quality of entrepreneurial services is convergence enhancing. Model predictions are tested with data from OECD countries in the period 1970-2002. We find that improvements in quality of entrepreneurial services over time explain up to 100% of observed average productivity growth in these countries.

Seguimiento de evaluación de los impactos del ecoturismo en la comunidad de Santa Marianita (Ecuador)

L’ecoturisme és una nova modalitat turística que es produeix a les àrees naturals protegides de tot el món. Equador és un país amb una elevada biodiversitat i, per aquest motiu, aquesta activitat ha augmentat de forma important. Aquest tipus de turisme es basa en uns principis respectuosos amb el medi ambient i segueix criteris de sostenibilitat. Tot i així, una mala planificació pot tenir greus repercussions y més tractant-se duna activitat tan relacionada amb el medi. Per tractar de controlar i mitigar els possibles impactes negatius que es produeixin es necessita realitzar avaluacions continuades. Aquest és l’objectiu final d’aquest projecte, dut a terme a la Reserva Maquipucuna. Va ser aquí on es van desenvolupar enquestes a la comunitat de Santa Marianita –ubicada a l’entrada de la Reserva on la Fundació Maquipucuna ofereix ecoturisme-. Arrel del treball de camp i dels resultats obtinguts es va poder constatar que, la situació de la comunitat, comparada amb un estudi anterior similar, no presenta problemes greus però sí que es poden millorar alguns aspectes. Per tal finalitat es van realitzar dues propostes consensuades entre els dos actors interventors –comunitat i Fundació- i altres recomanacions. Amb això es preveu millorar la situació però, igualment, es precisa seguir amb les avaluacions periòdiques.