La consolidacion de una nueva estrategia en las relaciones entre la Corona de Aragon y el Magreb Hafsida: el tratado de 1403 y sus perspectivas mercantiles

La coyuntura política del reino de Túnez repercutió de forma decisiva sobre las aspiraciones y fracasos de sus relaciones diplomáticas y comerciales con las potencias europeas. Tras un periodo prolongado jalonado por acuerdos sucesivos, las viejas pretensiones tributarias de la Corona de Aragón alcanzarán a ser reconocidas en el tratado suscrito en 1360, aunque aquel acuerdo no conseguirá hacer efectiva en la práctica dicha reclamación. El fortalecimiento del poder de los Hafsíes en las últimas décadas del siglo XIV reabre un periodo de confrontación velada con la intensificación de las actividades corsarias, que culminan en sendas expediciones de castigo sobre puertos magrebíes. El tratado de 1403 pondrá fin a dichas hostilidades y reabrirá una nueva estrategia en las relaciones con el Magreb Hafsída.

Independencia y educación. Reflexiones en torno al Bicentenario

[spa]El trabajo que presentamos plantea una visión de la educación tras la llamada sublevación de los Pasquines que aparecieron en la ciudad de Santa Fe de Bogotá en 1794. En el artículoanalizamos las propuestas quese ofrecieron por parte de lasautoridades coloniales para hacer frentea los problemasque afectaron al virreinato.Una de las soluciones propuestas para acabar con las opiniones adversas a la corona y al colonialismo pasaba por cambiar los sistemas educativos. Se pretendía volver al sistema anterior a la ilustración y a los nuevos filósofos ya que se temía que en España pasara lo que había sucedido en Francia. La Nueva Filosofía acabó cuestionando los derechos de la monarquía y el descontento social acabó con la vida del monarca y la proclamación de la república. Estas ideas pasaron a las colonias españolas donde algunos ilustrados comenzaban a pensar en repúblicas, poco definidas, cuestionando el orden monárquico. Para evitar el conflicto desde el arzobispado, y la Audiencia se propone acabar con los estudios de la Nueva Filosofía, cerrar las imprentas y la Biblioteca; así mismo, se propone intervenir en el catecismo de la doctrina para introducir preguntas y respuestas que refuercen el papel dela corona y la fidelidad de los súbditos. Este sistema de fidelización de súbditos será empleado posteriormente por las recientes repúblicas para incrementar el patriotismo entre los nuevos ciudadanos.

Ecology of Armillaria species on silver fir (Abies alba) in the Spanish Pyrenees

We describe the distribution and the ecology of three Armillaria species observed in silver fir (Abies alba) forests of the Pyrenees. We surveyed the presence and abundance of Armillaria above and belowground in 29 stands. Isolates were identified by the PCR-RFLP pattern of the IGS-1 region of their ribosomal DNA. We measured several ecological and management parameters of each stand in order to describe Armillaria infected sites. Armillaria cepistipes was the most abundant of three species observed. Armillaria gallica was dominant in soils with a higher pH and at lower elevations. Armillaria ostoyae seemed to be more frequent in stands where A. alba recently increased its dominance relative to other forest tree species. Thinning activities correlated with an increased abundance of Armillaria belowground. In 83% of the stands the same Armillaria species was observed above and belowground. It seems that in a conifer forest, A. cepistipes can be more frequent than A. ostoyae, a virulent conifer pathogen. Since logging is related to a higher abundance of Armillaria in the soil, the particular Armillaria species present in a given stand could be considered an additional site factor when making management decisions.

De València a Vannes: culte, devoció i relíquies de Sant Vicent Ferrer

Saint Vicent Ferrer’s personality (1350-1419) has been tackled by researchers in different points of view, and this has meant a proliferation of very diverse studies. There isn’t much, however, the works which has done analysis relating to popular piety and devotion. In this sense, the different hagiographic sources puts us faced with a saint with a very widespread cult in some areas, for instance, the Crown of Aragon and Castille, but also in other european places. As for the last, we detect an import focus of devotion in Brittany, where the saint arrived to preach after being called by Jean V. He died at Vannes (1419), the political capital of the duchy of Brittany, and he was buried in Saint Pierre’s cathedral. Previously to his canonization, his fame as a miracle worker during his life was the reason for his tomb became a real locus sanctus, a place where pilgrims arrived to venerate his relics. These relics had healing and prophylactic properties. Apart from these ones, we have many references of “contact relics” with properties of this kind.

El llibre de la Confraria del Senyor Rei, un manuscrito miniado del monasterio de Poblet

El dogma de la Inmaculada Concepción originó la creación de la "Confraria del Senyor Rei", también denominada "Cofradía de la Copncepción de María Immaculada" en la Corona de Aragón. La confraternidad fue fundada en Zaragoza por Pedro IV el 8 de mayo de 1333. Con nuestro estudio queremos mostrar un manuscrito inédito, custodiado en la Biblioteca del Monasterio de Poblet. Se trata de un códice de lujo que contiene los estatutos de la confraternidad. El manuscrito fue iluminado mediante dos ilustraciones. La primera realizada durante el reinado de Martín el Humano, la segunda datada en torno a 1440. durante el reinado de Alfonso el Magnánimo.

Study of the effect of oral health on physical condition of professional soccer players of the Football Club Barcelona

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the oral health status of professional soccer players of F.C. Barcelona and its relation to the incidence of sport lesions. Methods: Thirty professional soccer players were consecutively evaluated in the seasons 2003/4, 2004/5 and 2005/6. A research protocol to assess their oral health was developed. DMFT, Quigley & Hein plaque index (PI), Löe & Silness gingival index (GI), World Health Organization malocclusion index, Ramfjord teeth probing pocket depth (PPD), TMJ examination and history of dental trauma were recorded. All physical injuries sustained by players during the season were documented from F.C. Barcelona medical services. Results: Mean DMFT score was 5.7 (SD 4.1), Quigley & Hein plaque index score was 2.3 (SD 1.1), Löe & Silness gingival index was 1.1 (SD 0.8), and periodontal pocket depth was 1.9 mm (SD 0.3). Pearson"s analysis showed a significant correlation between PI and GI (p<0.01). Nine players (30%) presented bruxism - the same proportion of those with severe malocclusion. Seven (23.3%) players had suffered uncomplicated crown fractures. The mean incidence of physical injuries was 8 (SD 3.4) per player. PI and PPD showed a statistically significant correlation to muscle injuries (p<0.05). Conclusions: Soccer players, despite intensive medical follow-up, have significant oral health problems such as untreated caries, gingivitis or malocclusion, and suffer dental trauma as a result of sports activities. Their physical condition could also be associated to oral health

Independencia y educación. Reflexiones en torno al Bicentenario

[spa]El trabajo que presentamos plantea una visión de la educación tras la llamada sublevación de los Pasquines que aparecieron en la ciudad de Santa Fe de Bogotá en 1794. En el artículoanalizamos las propuestas quese ofrecieron por parte de lasautoridades coloniales para hacer frentea los problemasque afectaron al virreinato.Una de las soluciones propuestas para acabar con las opiniones adversas a la corona y al colonialismo pasaba por cambiar los sistemas educativos. Se pretendía volver al sistema anterior a la ilustración y a los nuevos filósofos ya que se temía que en España pasara lo que había sucedido en Francia. La Nueva Filosofía acabó cuestionando los derechos de la monarquía y el descontento social acabó con la vida del monarca y la proclamación de la república. Estas ideas pasaron a las colonias españolas donde algunos ilustrados comenzaban a pensar en repúblicas, poco definidas, cuestionando el orden monárquico. Para evitar el conflicto desde el arzobispado, y la Audiencia se propone acabar con los estudios de la Nueva Filosofía, cerrar las imprentas y la Biblioteca; así mismo, se propone intervenir en el catecismo de la doctrina para introducir preguntas y respuestas que refuercen el papel dela corona y la fidelidad de los súbditos. Este sistema de fidelización de súbditos será empleado posteriormente por las recientes repúblicas para incrementar el patriotismo entre los nuevos ciudadanos.

Sevillian transport jars in early colonial America: the case of Santa María La Antigua del Darién (Colombia)

Within the scope of the TECNOLONIAL (HAR2008-02834/HIST) project, an archaeologi- cal and archaeometric research is being conduct- ed in order to clarify and systematize transport jars production in the Iberian peninsula and their distribution abroad, especially to the Americas, from the 15th to the 17th century. The production centre of Seville, in the Crown of Castile, produced large glazed and unglazed transport jars, called botijas, which were mainly devoted to the Atlantic trade network. The pres- ent study accounts for the first results obtained from an initial sample of 34 transport jars dated around the 15th-16th centuries from the produc- tion centre of Seville and the reception site of Santa María de la Antigua del Darién (gulf of Urabá, Colombia). This latter site is especially significant since it was the first Spanish founda- tion (1510) in continental America that obtained the title of town, and was the seat for the Governor of the new region called Castilla de Oro, as well as for the first diocese. All individuals were analyzed by means of x-ray fluorescence and diffraction analyses and then compared with the majolica production database from Seville. The results enabled us to define the first refer- ence groups for such modern transport jars, and to get a first insight into the jars coming to the Americas in the early 16th century whose prove- nance can be linked to Seville, but not Triana.

Ralstonia solanacearum, a widespread bacterial plant pathogen in the post-genomic era

Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne bacterium causing the widespread disease known as bacterial wilt. Ralstonia solanacearum is also the causal agent of Moko disease of banana and brown rot of potato. Since the last R. solanacearum pathogen profile was published 10 years ago, studies concerning this plant pathogen have taken a genomic and post-genomic direction. This was pioneered by the first sequenced and annotated genome for a major plant bacterial pathogen and followed by many more genomes in subsequent years. All molecular features studied now have a genomic flavour. In the future, this will help in connecting the classical field of pathology and diversity studies with the gene content of specific strains. In this review, we summarize the recent research on this bacterial pathogen, including strain classification, host range, pathogenicity determinants, regulation of virulence genes, type III effector repertoire, effector-triggered immunity, plant signalling in response to R. solanacearum, as well as a review of different new pathosystems.

La caixa de núvia: un procés del segle XIV

A fourteenth century caixa de nuvia (a bride’s case). This article studies a bride’s case, or chest described in the records of a trial that took place in the late fourteenth century, preserved in the Archives of Crown of Aragon. The case was claimed by Eulàlia, a commoner from the region of Barcelona. We study the circumstances of the claim, and then consider the descriptions of the items and the relations between the items and the owner. We stress the structures and the functionality of the chest itself and the meticulous description of contents , mainly second hand household wear and engagement presents. We highlight the relationship between women, especially between the mother and the daughter, and the relationship between these women and their possessions