62 resultados para Socio economic background Scheduled Caste
Resumo:
Estudi realitzat per avaluar la possibilitat i viabilitat dinstallaci de panells solar fotovoltaics als terrats de les comunitats de vens del Districte de lEixample de Barcelona. La seva finalitat s conscienciar a la poblaci sobre la problemtica actual del canvi climtic fent s de la ciutat com a element clau per a fomentar lestalvi de consum energtic i la reducci demissions de dixid de carboni (CO2). Els resultats obtinguts ens donen un valor aproximat de la superfcie i potncia necessria pels habitants de la ciutat de Barcelona i Catalunya, per tal de cobrir el seu consum delectricitat ds domstic amb energia solar fotovoltaica, aix com una comparativa amb els resultats obtinguts en el Districte de lEixample en les dimensions: socio-econmica, mediambiental i poltica.
Resumo:
The main goal of this research is to assess the socio-economic and perception correlates of local residents knowledge and gladness towards a protected area. For the case study we selected Dandeli Wildlife Sanctuary and populations living in and around the protected area, as well as a nearby local city.
Resumo:
Within only two decades olive oil developed from a niche product which could hardly be found in food stores outside the producing regions towards an integrated component in the diets of industrial countries. This paper discusses the impacts of the promotion of the healthy Mediterranean diet on land use and agro-ecosystems in the producing countries. It examines the dynamics of olive oil production, trade and consumption in the EU15 in the period 1972 to 2003 and the links between dietary patterns, trade and land use. It analyses the underlying socio-economic driving forces behind the increasing spatial disconnect between production and consumption of olive oil in the EU15 and in particular in Spain, the world largest producer during the last three decades. In the observed period olive oil consumption increased 16 fold in the non-producing EU15 countries. In the geographically limited producing regions like Spain, the 5 fold increase in export production was associated with the rapid industrialization of olive production, the conversion of vast Mediterranean landscapes to olive monocultures and a range of environmental pressures. High amounts of subsidies of the European Common Agricultural Policy and feedback loops within production and consumption systems were driving the transformation of the olive oil system. Our analysis indicates the process of change was not immediately driven by increases in demand for olive oil in non-producing countries, but rather by the institutional setting of the European Union and by concerted political interventions.
Resumo:
This paper is concerned with the investigation of the intergenerational mobility of education in several European countries and its changes across birth cohorts (1940-1980) using a new mobility index that considers the total degree of mobility as the weighted sum of mobility with respect to both parents. Moreover, this mobility index enables the analysis of the role of family characteristics as mediating factors in the statistical association between individual and parental education. We find that Nordic countries display lower levels of educational persistence but that the degree of mobility increases over time only in those countries with low initial levels. Moreover, the results suggest that the degree of mobility with respect to fathers and mothers converges to the same level and that family characteristics account for an important part of the statistical association between parental education and childrens schooling; a particular finding is that the most important elements of family characteristics are the familys socio-economic status and educational assortative mating of the parents.
Resumo:
En el present estudi shan analitzat quines sn les fonts energtiques utilitzades a les llars de Har, aix com les repercussions que aquestes tenen sobre el medi natural i socioeconmic de les famlies. Per tal de poder identificar quines sn aquestes fonts i els seus efectes, sha realitzat un inventari i una diagnosi energtica. Sha estudiat ls de lenergia en dos mbits domstics principals: la illuminaci i el cuinat, analitzant la freqncia ds i quantificant el consum energtic familiar. Les fonts energtiques detectades sn: llenya, carb, gas, queros, piles i espelmes, de les quals, la llenya, el queros i el carb sn les majoritriament utilitzades. El consum energtic per cpita s de 2.100 kWh/any. Per altra banda, lobtenci dalgunes daquestes fonts energtiques, suposen un cost econmic molt elevat per les economies familiars, arribant a suposar un 60% dels ingressos. A partir de les dades obtingudes a la diagnosi, sha aplicat un indicador per tal de quantificar la magnitud de limpacte sobre el medi produt pel model energtic seguit dins de les llars. Lindicador estudiat ha estat la petjada energtica, amb la qual sha tradut aquest consum en unitats de superfcie biolgicament productiva, requerida per absorbir el CO2 ems. El resultat ha estat que una persona produeix anualment 2,0910-2 tCO2, que requereix de 7,5310-3 gha/persona de superfcie forestal per ser absorbides. Sha comparat aquest resultat amb la petjada energtica domstica calculada pel poble dAras, el qual, amb un model energtic totalment diferent, t una petjada energtica de 1,53 gha/persona. Un cop detectats els problemes o impactes causats pel model energtic actual, es proposa una alternativa energtica per tal de reemplaar algunes fonts convencionals, principalment el queros dels quinqus. Aix doncs, mitjanant laprofitament de lenergia solar, es plantegen dos models fotovoltaics adaptats a dues tipologies de llars diferents, amb lobjectiu de minimitzar el cost i optimitzar els recursos energtics. Finalment es planteja una soluci financera per abordar el cost inicial de la installaci solar.
Resumo:
En este trabajo se exploran los condicionantes sociolgicos e institucionales del mercado del servicio domstico en Europa. Para ello se trabaj, bsicamente, en tres lneas de investigacin que aun estn en curso. La primera, consiste en una exploracin filosfica republicana, histrica y jurdica de la familia y la empresa capitalistas como instituciones que tienen una raigambre histrica comn la antigua domus, donde se desarrollaban todas las actividades productivas y reproductivas y que se caracterizaba constitutivamente por relaciones de dominacin entre el propietario de los medios de produccin y todos aqullos que dependan de ste para subsistir-. Bajo el capitalismo, la familia entendida ya como el hombre, su mujer e hijos legtimos- se constituy en una institucin eminentemente privada y las actividades desarrolladas en su seno quedaron fuera de lo que se consider trabajo susceptible de reconocimiento econmico. En este sentido, la normativa que regula al servicio domstico como una relacin laboral de carcter especial es un reflejo de la desvalorizacin socioeconmica de que ha sido objeto el trabajo reproductivo y la asociacin conceptual entre la improductividad del ama de casa y la empleada domstica. En la segunda lnea del trabajo se exploraron las variaciones cuantitativas del mercado del servicio domstico en Europa, cuya trayectoria presenta una forma de U entre la dcada de 1880 y mediados de la dcada de 1990. Tambin mediante el anlisis de fuentes secundarias de datos se pudieron establecer las profundas diferencias regionales que ha comportado este resurgimiento del empleo en servicios domsticos y su peso dentro de la estructura de empleo de cada sociedad. Por ltimo, en la tercera se indag la fluctuacin histrica y geogrfica de la oferta de trabajadoras domsticas en Europa, que pas de las migraciones internas a las internacionales, coincidiendo con periodos de fuerte desigualdad econmica entre las zonas expulsoras y receptoras.
Resumo:
Drawing on PISA data of 2006, this study examines the impact of socio-economic school composition on science test score achievement for Spanish students in compulsory secondary schools. We define school composition in terms of the average parental human capital of students in the same school. These contextual peer effects are estimated using a semi-parametric methodology, which enables the spillovers to affect all the parameters of the educational production function. We also deal with the potential problem of self-selection of student into schools, using an artificial sorting that we argue to be independent from unobserved students abilities. The results indicate that the association between socio-economic school composition and test score results is clearly positive and significantly higher when computed with the semi-parametric approach. However, we find that the endogenous sorting of students into schools plays a fundamental role, given that the spillovers are significantly reduced when this selection process is ruled out from our measure of school composition effects. Specifically, the estimations suggest that the contextual peer effects are moderately positive only in those schools where the socio-economic composition is considerably elevated. In addition, we find some evidence of asymmetry of how the external effects and the sorting process actually operate, which seem affect in a different way males and females as well as high and low performance students.
Resumo:
The link between energy consumption and economic growth has been widely studied in the economic literature. Understanding this relationship is important from both an environmental and a socio-economic point of view, as energy consumption is crucial to economic activity and human environmental impact. This relevance is even higher for developing countries, since energy consumption per unit of output varies through the phases of development, increasing from an agricultural stage to an industrial one and then decreasing for certain service based economies. In the Argentinean case, the relevance of energy consumption to economic development seems to be particularly important. While energy intensity seems to exhibit a U-Shaped curve from 1990 to 2003 decreasing slightly after that year, total energy consumption increases along the period of analysis. Why does this happen? How can we relate this result with the sustainability debate? All these questions are very important due to Argentinean hydrocarbons dependence and due to the recent reduction in oil and natural gas reserves, which can lead to a lack of security of supply. In this paper we study Argentinean energy consumption pattern for the period 1990-2007, to discuss current and future energy and economic sustainability. To this purpose, we developed a conventional analysis, studying energy intensity, and a non conventional analysis, using the Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (MuSIASEM) accounting methodology. Both methodologies show that the development process followed by Argentina has not been good enough to assure sustainability in the long term. Instead of improving energy use, energy intensity has increased. The current composition of its energy mix, and the recent economic crisis in Argentina, as well as its development path, are some of the possible explanations.
Resumo:
In this paper, we investigate whether evidence of discriminatory treatment against immigrants in the Spanish mortgage market exists. More specifically, we test whether, ceteris paribus, immigrant borrowers tend to be charged with higher interest rates on their mortgages than their Spanish born counterparts. To do so, we use a unique dataset on granted mortgages that contains information not only regarding the conditions of the loan but also the socio-economic characteristics of the mortgagors. We observe that immigrants are systematically charged with higher interest rates. We apply the well known Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition to measure the extent to which this disparate treatment of lenders in mortgage pricing against immigrants is due to discrimination. Our results indicate that approximately two thirds of the gap in the interest rate between Spanish born and immigrant borrowers can be attributed to discriminatory treatment. Key words: Immigration, discrimination, mortgage pricing, housing market. JEL codes: R21, G21, J14
Resumo:
There is a high degree of sex-typing in young children's occupational aspirations and this has consequences for subsequent occupational segregation. Sociologists typically attribute early sex-differences in occupational preferences to gender socialization. Yet we still know surprisingly little about the mechanisms involved in the intergenerational transmission of sex-typical preferences and there is considerable theoretical controversy regarding the role of individual agency in the process of preference formation. This study analyzes the determinants of sex-typed occupational aspirations amongst British children aged between 11 and 15. We specify different mechanisms involved in the transmission of sex-typical preferences and propose an innovative definition of individual agency that is anchored in observable psychological traits linked to self-direction. This allows us to perform a simultaneous test of socialization and agency predictors of occupational sex-typing. We find that parental influences on occupational preferences operate mainly through three distinctive channels: 1) the effect that parental socio-economic resources have on the scope of children's occupational aspirations, 2) children's direct imitation of parental occupations, and 3) children's learning of sex-typed roles via the observation of parental behavior. We also find a strong net effect of children's own psychological predispositions -self-esteem in particular- on the incidence of sex-typical occupational preferences. Yet large differences in the occupational aspirations of girls and boys remain unexplained.
Resumo:
Sha elaborat una anlisi del sistema agroecolgic del municipi de Vila-seca (Tarragons) per tal de realitzar en segon lloc, una proposta de guia per a la descoberta del medi per a infants dentre 8 i 10 anys. A partir del treball de camp realitzat a la zona destudi shan inventariat diferents elements del patrimoni socioecolgic que es consideren de rellevada importncia al terme. Entre ells destaquen oliveres, garrofers, avellaners, arbres singulars, masos, basses, marges de pedra seca i trones, els quals sintegren en el medi formant un veritable sistema agroecolgic, fruit de la interacci entre vectors biofsics i socioeconmics. Daltra banda, per tal de donar a conixer aquest sistema sha realitzat una proposta de descoberta del medi agrcola a partir dun itinerari deducaci ambiental per la zona estudiada, on sengloben tots aquells elements despecial inters en un recorregut de 2,9 quilmetres. La guia disposa a ms duna srie dactivitats a realitzar a lentorn per tal de motivar el sentiment de descoberta daquest sistema. Daquesta manera, considerant les fortes pressions que aquest territori pateix per part de les infraestructures i les urbanitzacions s destriable la necessitat de conservaci i laddici dels elements inventariats al catleg del Patrimoni del municipi.
Resumo:
Educational aspirations during lower secondary school and choice of upper secondary education are important for young peoples future trajectories into higher education and labour market positions. In line with ideas about reflexive, autonomous individuals (Giddens, 1991), choice of education is often represented as a young person individual decision, and educational guidance as aimed at discovering what fits an individuals personality, interests and abilities. Educational aspirations and choices are also social patterns that are reproduced. Some population categories represent exceptions from expected patterns of social reproduction of educational level and professions. In several countries, one such category is young people from families with migration experiences (Lauglo, 2000; Modood, 2004). In Norway, students have a legal right to non-compulsory upper secondary schooling and 96 percent of the students continue from lower to upper secondary school. In spite of positive developments regarding minority youths completion of upper secondary and higher education in later years, studies still persistently show lower educational attainment among minority youth, particularly among boys (Fekjaer, 2006). However, in lower secondary school, minor ity youth tend to have markedly higher educational aspirations and stronger learning motivation than their majority peers, as well as greater effort in school and strong adherence to school values (Lauglo, 2000) despite lower educational attainment or lower socio-economic backgrounds. In addition, gender differences in educational aspirations seem to be smaller among minority youth. The principal objective of the study in progress that will be presented in this paper, is to describe how processes relating to gendered, ethnic and class-based identities influence young peoples educational choices. The study is undertaken as a PhD project in social anthropology. The methodological approach is ethnographic longitudinal fieldwork in two multicultural lower secondary schools in Oslo. The study is part of a larger project that also include quantitative analyses of longitudinal data covering 9th graders in Oslo 2006 through four data collections during lower and upper secondary school.
Resumo:
s un treball d'antropologia, que ha cercat els oficis artesanals de la comarca de la Noguera, fent un treball de camp etnogrfic, tot entrevistan artesans, i tamb una recerca bibliogrfica sobre la realitat socio-econmica de la comarca. Finalment s'han tret conclussions sobre la relaci dels oficis amb la comarca.
Resumo:
The place of technology in the development of coherent educational responses to environmental and socio-economic disruption is here placed under scrutiny. One emerging area of interest is the role of technology in addressing more complex learning futures, and more especially in facilitating individual and social resilience, or the ability to manage and overcome disruption. However, the extent to which higher education practitioners can utilise technology to this end is framed by their approaches to the curriculum, and the socio-cultural practices within which they are located. This paper discusses how open education might enable learners to engage with uncertainty through social action within a form of higher education that is more resilient to economic, environmental and energy-related disruption. It asks whether open higher education can be (re)claimed by users and communities within specific contexts and curricula, in order to engage with an uncertain world.
Resumo:
Durant els ltims anys al tram final del riu Ebre shan produit canvis molt importants a lecosistema fluvial: laugment de la transparncia de laigua ha comportat una proliferaci massiva de macrfits que ha provocat canvis en lestructura trfica i en la composici de les comunitats biolgiques, representant un greu perill per espcies amenaades com Margaritifera auricularia. A ms del problema ecolgic, els macrfits estan provocant molts problemes socio-econmics perjudicant les captacions daigua (centrals nuclears, hidroelctriques i regadius), creant problemes per a la navegaci fluvial, i afavorint la proliferaci despcies molestes com la mosca negra (Simulium erythrocephalum). Entre les diferents causes que podrien explicar aquests canvis en lecosistema hi ha: la disminuci del fsfor dissolt, la regularitzaci i la disminuci de cabals, i laparici despcies introduides com el musclo zebra. Segurament es tractar dun efecte combinat de les diferents causes per s necessari analitzar-les per tal de conixer quines tenen ms incidncia i aix, poder proposar mesures de gesti per als problemes ecolgics que pateix el tram final de lEbre. Al present projecte de tesi (incls en el projecte dI+D: efectes de la millora de la qualitat de l'aigua i de l'alteraci del rgim de cabals sobre les comunitats biolgiques del tram final del riu Ebre) sestudiar la comunitat de macrfits i macroinvertebrats associats per tal de determinar el paper que tenen en el canvis que shan produit al riu durant els ltims anys.
