Els Negocis ètnics : el nou petit comerç de la BCN cosmopolita?

T’has parat mai a pensar com és de rica la nostra ciutat culturalment parlant i com és de significativa la varietat de negocis que en ella hi ha?En els darrers anys molts d’aquest negocis han estat establerts per immigrants.L’estudi que us presentem a continuació és un anàlisi d’aquesta recent tipologia de comerç i de l’impacte que està tenint en la Barcelona actual.

Free Flows, Limited Diversification: Explaining the Fall and Rise of Stock Market Correlations, 1890-2001

Using a new dataset on capital account openness, we investigate why equity return correlations changed over the last century. Based on a new, long-run dataset on capital account regulations in a group of 16 countries over the period 1890-2001, we show that correlations increase as financial markets are liberalized. These findings are robust to controlling for both the Forbes-Rigobon bias and global averages in equity return correlations. We test the robustness of our conclusions, and show that greater synchronization of fundamentals is not the main cause of increasing correlations. These results imply that the home bias puzzle may be smaller than traditionally claimed.

The Evolution of Inequity in the Access to Health Care in Spain: 1987-2001

This paper reports an analysis of the evolution of income related health inequalities in Spain over the period 1987-2001. We use recently developed methods in order to cardinalise and model self assessed health within a regression framework, decompose the sources of inequality and explain the observed differences between 1987 (one year after the 1986 General Health Act was approved) and 2001 (the latest available representative data on health for the Spanish population). The results show that the period has witnessed a reduction in income related health inequality. The driver of such reduction has been the weakening of the income health gradient, which lends support to the hypothesis that the important health policy reforms implemented over the period have been successful in the objective of reducing socio-economic inequalities in health. Our results also suggest that actions aimed at improving the health of those with low levels of education and of those who are not actively participating in the labor market would lead to further reductions in income related health inequality.

The evolution of inequity in the access to health care in Spain: 1987-2001

This paper reports an analysis of the evolution of equity in access to health care in Spain over the period 1987-2001, a time span covering the development of the modern Spanish National Health System. Our measures of access are the probabilities of visiting a doctor, using emergency services and being hospitalised. For these three measures we obtain indices of horizontal inequity from microeconometric models of utilization that exploit the individual information in the Spanish National Health Surveys of 1987 and 2001. We find that by 2001 the system has improved in the sense that differences in income no longer lead to different access given the same level of need. However, the tenure of private health insurance leads to differences in access given the same level of need, and its contribution to inequity has increased over time, both because insurance is more concentrated among the rich and because the elasticity of utilization for the three services has increased too.

Insurance and safety after September 11, 2001: Coming to grips with the costs and threats of terrorism

This chapter, originally written as a consequence of the terrorist attacksof September 11, 2001, provides an elementary, everyday introduction tothe concepts of risk and insurance. Conceptually, risk has two dimensions:a potential loss, and the chance of that loss being realized. People can,however, transfer risk to insurance companies against the payment ofso-called premiums. In practice, however, one needs accurate assessmentsof both losses and probabilities to judge whether premiums are appropriate.For many risks, this poses little problem (e.g., life insurance); however,it is difficult to assess risks of many other kinds of events such as actsof terrorism. It is emphasized, that through evolution and learning, peopleare able to handle many of the common risks that they face in life. Butwhen people lack experience (e.g., new technologies, threats of terrorism),risk can only be assessed through imagination. Not surprisingly, insurancecompanies demand high prices when risks are poorly understood. In particular,the cost of insurance against possible acts of terrorism soared afterSeptember 11. How should people approach risk after the events of that day?Clearly, the world needs to protect itself from the acts of terrorists andother disturbed individuals. However, it is also important to address the root causes of such antisocial movements. It is, therefore, suggested thatprograms addressed at combatting ignorance, prejudice, and socialinequalities may be more effective premiums for reducing the risk ofterrosrtism than has been recognized to date.

L'evolució del paisatge de les closes: 1957-2001

Comunicació on es pretenen presentar alguns dels resultats més significatius de la investigació amb referència a l’evolució de les cobertes del sòl a l’Alt Empordà entre 1957-2001, i parant especial atenció a les transformacions identificades en el paratge de closes

Long-range transport of Saharan dust to northern Europe: The 11-16 October 2001 outbreak observed with EARLINET

The spread of mineral particles over southwestern, western, and central Europeresulting from a strong Saharan dust outbreak in October 2001 was observed at10 stations of the European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET). For the firsttime, an optically dense desert dust plume over Europe was characterized coherentlywith high vertical resolution on a continental scale. The main layer was located abovethe boundary layer (above 1-km height above sea level (asl)) up to 3–5-km height, andtraces of dust particles reached heights of 7–8 km. The particle optical depth typicallyranged from 0.1 to 0.5 above 1-km height asl at the wavelength of 532 nm, andmaximum values close to 0.8 were found over northern Germany. The lidar observationsare in qualitative agreement with values of optical depth derived from Total OzoneMapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data. Ten-day backward trajectories clearly indicated theSahara as the source region of the particles and revealed that the dust layer observed,e.g., over Belsk, Poland, crossed the EARLINET site Aberystwyth, UK, and southernScandinavia 24–48 hours before. Lidar-derived particle depolarization ratios,backscatter- and extinction-related A ° ngstro¨m exponents, and extinction-to-backscatterratios mainly ranged from 15 to 25%, 0.5 to 0.5, and 40–80 sr, respectively, within thelofted dust plumes. A few atmospheric model calculations are presented showing the dustconcentration over Europe. The simulations were found to be consistent with thenetwork observations.

Una lectura de la Llei 10/2001, de 13 de juliol, d'arxius i documents

S'analitza el procés d'elaboració de la nova Llei d'arxius destacant les principals modificacions que recull el text definitiu en relació al projecte. Es comenten també els punts més destacats de la Llei al voltant de tres eixos principals: la definició del Sistema d'Arxius de Catalunya, el sistema de gestió documental i l'accés als documents del patrimoni documental català.

Ajuntaments a Internet: anàlisi a les comarques de Girona 2001-2006

Anàlisi, avaluació i estat de la qüestió de les pàgines web dels ajuntaments de les comarques de Girona. L'article realitza una anàlisi exhaustiva dels continguts, la gestió i el disseny dels 154 ajuntaments virtuals de la demarcació gironina, a gener de 2006. Partint de la revisió d'un article anterior dels mateixos autors (Ítem, 2001) es traça la comparativa a cinc anys vista i es reflexiona sobre les tendències identificades, així com sobre els reptes de futur.

Informe del V Congreso ISKO-España (Alcalá de Henares, 25¿27 d'abril de 2001)

L'objectiu i el lema central de les aportacions al V Congreso ISKO-España, en paraules del comitè organitzador, va ser l'anàlisi de les metodologies, els models i les aplicacions dels sistemes de representació i organització del coneixement.

Informe sobre la Jornada de presentació de la Llei 10/2001, de 13 de juliol, d'arxius i documents (Escola d'Administració Pública de Catalunya. Barcelona, 17 de gener de 2002)

El 17 de gener de 2002, l'Escola d'Administració Pública de Catalunya, el Servei d'Arxius de la Direcció General de Patrimoni Cultural de la Generalitat de Catalunya i l'Associació d'Arxivers de Catalunya (AAC) van organitzar una jornada de divulgació, reflexió i debat sobre la Llei 10/2002, de 13 de juliol, d'arxius i documents. L'objectiu de la Jornada era donar a conèixer als professionals dels arxius aquesta llei i es va centrar a analitzar-ne l'abast, la incidència i les implicacions més rellevants. Emmarcada en la línia de la formació interdepartamental de l'Escola d'Administració Pública de Catalunya, la Jornada tenia com a destinataris els arxivers de l'Administració de la Generalitat de Catalunya, de l'Administració local i d'altres institucions públiques.