33 resultados para Permanent disability


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Background: The NDI, COM and NPQ are evaluation instruments for disability due to NP. There was no Spanish version of NDI or COM for which psychometric characteristics were known. The objectives of this study were to translate and culturally adapt the Spanish version of the Neck Disability Index Questionnaire (NDI), and the Core Outcome Measure (COM), to validate its use in Spanish speaking patients with non-specific neck pain (NP), and to compare their psychometric characteristics with those of the Spanish version of the Northwick Pain Questionnaire (NPQ).Methods: Translation/re-translation of the English versions of the NDI and the COM was done blindly and independently by a multidisciplinary team. The study was done in 9 primary care Centers and 12 specialty services from 9 regions in Spain, with 221 acute, subacute and chronic patients who visited their physician for NP: 54 in the pilot phase and 167 in the validation phase. Neck pain (VAS), referred pain (VAS), disability (NDI, COM and NPQ), catastrophizing (CSQ) and quality of life (SF-12) were measured on their first visit and 14 days later. Patients' self-assessment was used as the external criterion for pain and disability. In the pilot phase, patients' understanding of each item in the NDI and COM was assessed, and on day 1 test-retest reliability was estimated by giving a second NDI and COM in which the name of the questionnaires and the order of the items had been changed.Results: Comprehensibility of NDI and COM were good. Minutes needed to fill out the questionnaires [median, (P25, P75)]: NDI. 4 (2.2, 10.0), COM: 2.1 (1.0, 4.9). Reliability: [ICC, (95%CI)]: NDI: 0.88 (0.80, 0.93). COM: 0.85 (0.75,0.91). Sensitivity to change: Effect size for patients having worsened, not changed and improved between days 1 and 15, according to the external criterion for disability: NDI: -0.24, 0.15, 0.66; NPQ: -0.14, 0.06, 0.67; COM: 0.05, 0.19, 0.92. Validity: Results of NDI, NPQ and COM were consistent with the external criterion for disability, whereas only those from NDI were consistent with the one for pain. Correlations with VAS, CSQ and SF-12 were similar for NDI and NPQ (absolute values between 0.36 and 0.50 on day 1, between 0.38 and 0.70 on day 15), and slightly lower for COM (between 0.36 and 0.48 on day 1, and between 0.33 and 0.61 on day 15). Correlation between NDI and NPQ: r = 0.84 on day 1, r = 0.91 on day 15. Correlation between COM and NPQ: r = 0.63 on day 1, r = 0.71 on day 15.Conclusion: Although most psychometric characteristics of NDI, NPQ and COM are similar, those from the latter one are worse and its use may lead to patients' evolution seeming more positive than it actually is. NDI seems to be the best instrument for measuring NP-related disability, since its results are the most consistent with patient's assessment of their own clinical status and evolution. It takes two more minutes to answer the NDI than to answer the COM, but it can be reliably filled out by the patient without assistance.

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Rational learning theories postulate that information channels and cognitive biases such as individual optimism may influence an individual¿s assessment of the risk of undesired events, especially with regard to those that have a cumulative nature. This is the case with disability in old age, which may take place upon survival to an advanced age, and such factors have been regarded as responsible for certain individual behaviours (for example, the limited incidence of insurance purchase). This paper examines the determinants of individual perceptions with regard to disability in old age and longevity. The cumulative nature of such perceptions of risk is tested, and potential biases are identified, including `optimism¿ and a set of information determinants. Empirical evidence from a representative survey of Catalonia is presented to illustrate these effects. The findings from this research suggest a significant overestimation of disability in old age, yet this is not the case with longevity. Furthermore, individual perceptions with regard to disability in old age, unlike those with regard to longevity, exhibit on aggregate an `optimistic bias¿ and, are perceived as `cumulative risks¿. Gender influences the perceived risk of disability in old age at a population level but not at the individual level, and the opposite holds true for age. Finally, self-reported health status is the main variable behind risk perceptions at both the individual and population level.

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Rational learning theories postulate that information channels and cognitive biases such as individual optimism may influence an individual¿s assessment of the risk of undesired events, especially with regard to those that have a cumulative nature. This is the case with disability in old age, which may take place upon survival to an advanced age, and such factors have been regarded as responsible for certain individual behaviours (for example, the limited incidence of insurance purchase). This paper examines the determinants of individual perceptions with regard to disability in old age and longevity. The cumulative nature of such perceptions of risk is tested, and potential biases are identified, including `optimism¿ and a set of information determinants. Empirical evidence from a representative survey of Catalonia is presented to illustrate these effects. The findings from this research suggest a significant overestimation of disability in old age, yet this is not the case with longevity. Furthermore, individual perceptions with regard to disability in old age, unlike those with regard to longevity, exhibit on aggregate an `optimistic bias¿ and, are perceived as `cumulative risks¿. Gender influences the perceived risk of disability in old age at a population level but not at the individual level, and the opposite holds true for age. Finally, self-reported health status is the main variable behind risk perceptions at both the individual and population level.

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La recerca formativa que es presenta a continuació s'ha dut a terme durant els cursos acadèmics 2008-2009 i 2009-2010, en l'àmbit de la formació de mestres, amb grups d'estudiants de primer i en el marc de les assignatures de Didàctica i Organització Educativa del nou grau d'Educació Infantil. Per dur-la a terme s'ha disposat de la col·laboració de mestres en actiu de l'etapa d'educació infantil de diferents escoles de Barcelona. Aquesta recerca ha facilitat la incorporació d'estratègies de pràctica reflexiva a partir de la participació directa dels estudiants en entorns d'aprenentatge propis de l'exercici docent: les aules d'educació infantil. La intervenció dels estudiants ha estat possible gràcies a l'organització i la planificació curricular de les escoles en diferents espais i ambients d'aprenentatge, que han permès un treball col·laboratiu entre mestres, estudiants i professorat. Els resultats d'aquesta recerca han estat la implementació de metodologies de formació de pràctica reflexiva (millora personal i professional), la relació entre l'ensenyament universitari i el món laboral (teoria i pràctica) i l¿adquisició d'habilitats i competències dels estudiants i professionals (novells i experts), resultats que contribueixen a millorar l'acció docent a través de la participació conjunta de dos col·lectius: universitat i escola.

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En el artículo se realiza un análisis del campo de la formación del profesorado y del modelo de formación permanente de los últimos tiempos, atendiendo los nuevos elementos que actuaron como fuerzas ocultas e impulsoras de un pensamiento formativo innovador. Se analizan también las condiciones para un cambio en la manera de ver la formación permanente del profesorado que, progresivamente, ha pasado de una visión de producto formativo que el profesorado debía asimilar acríticamente, a otra etapa con visiones diversificadas. A continuación, se profundiza la función asesora y los modelos que esta nueva concepción de la formación exigen. Se necesitan asesores, formadores que de manera colaborativa ayuden a reconstruir la práctica educativa.

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La formación permanente del profesorado (FPP) de Secundaria debería concebirse y llevarse a cabo considerando no sólo las prioridades de las políticas educativas sino también, y sobre todo, los escenarios laborales y las circunstancias peculiares en las que trabaja ese colectivo profesional. Los itinerarios constituyen una herramienta adecuada para ofrecer un dispositivo ordenado de oportunidades de formación que concilia las necesidades de los docentes y directivos, de los centros y de la Administración Educativa. Diseñar e implementar itinerarios comporta algunas consecuencias para las instituciones de FPP y los profesionales que trabajan en ellas, respecto a los recursos que se precisan y en relación con los sistemas y métodos de trabajo.

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L'article fa un recorregut històric pels plans de formació permanent del professorat d'infantil, primària i secundària a Catalunya. Centra l'anàlisi de l'evolució de la formació permanent en el tractament que els diferents plans de formació han fet de la figura del formador de formadors. Aquest element permet anar establint els aspectes que han suposat els moments de canvi. Es veu el progressiu distanciament de la formació de les universitats i la creixent institucionalització dels plans de formació. També s'exposa la dicotomia entre els objectius que es plantegen i l'escassa preparació i consideració que els plans atorguen a aquests professionals, deixant en un limbe poc definit les funcions, responsabilitats i atribucions que se'ls atorga.

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El fet de viure i de formar part d'una comunitat suposa, per a les persones que la integren, un procés de socialització i d'aprenentatge continuat. La creació i la transmissió de la cultura d'una generació a l'altra implica unes modalitats d'aprenentatge que transcendeixen el temps i l'espai limitats de l'educació formal, per comprendre pràcticament qualsevol moment i situació de la vida. Així doncs, el concepte de l'educació permanent no és un descobriment pedagògic modern, esta present en la practica de la humanitat des deis seus orígens, i podem trobar referencies sobre aquest tema en les antigues civilitzacions xinesa, índia, grega, al cristianisme, a l'humanisme, al Renaixement, etc. Però és durant el període il·lustrat quan la idea d'una educació per a tothom més enllà de la infància i de l'adolescència s'expressa amb més claredat que en èpoques anteriors.

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Few studies have been found that to assess the factors that explain higher levels of familyburden in adults with intellectualdisability (ID) and intellectualdisability and mental disorders (ID-MD). The aims of this study were to assess familyburden in people with ID and ID-MD and to determine which sociodemographic, clinical and functionaldisabilityvariables account for familyburden. The sample is composed of pairs of 203 participants with disability and their caregivers, of which 33.5% are caregivers of people with ID and 66.5% of ID-MD. Assessments were performed using scales of clinical and functionaldisability as the following instruments: Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III), Inventory for Client and Agency Planning (ICAP), Psychiatric Assessment Schedule for Adults with Development Disability (PAS-ADD checklist), Disability Assessment Schedule of the World Health Organization (WHO-DAS-II) and familyburden (Subjective and Objective FamilyBurden Inventory - SOFBI/ECFOS-II). People with ID-MD presented higher levels of functionaldisability than those with ID only. Higher levels of familyburden were related to higher functionaldisability in all the areas (p < 0.006-0.001), lower intelligence quotient (p < 0.001), diagnosis of ID-MD (p < 0.001) and presence of organic, affective, psychotic and behavioral disorders (p < 0.001). Stepwise multiple regression showed that behavioral problems, affective and psychotic disorder, disability in participation in society, disability in personal care and presence of ID-MD explained more than 61% of the variance in familyburden. An integrated approach using effective multidimensional interventions is essential for both people with ID and ID-MD and their caregivers in order to reduce familyburden.

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Family impact (or family burden) is a concept born in the field of mental health that has successfully been exported to the ambit of intellectual disability (ID). However, differences in family impact associated with severe mental health disorders (schizophrenia), to ID or to mental health problems in ID should be expected. Seventy-two adults with intellectual disability clients of the Carmen Pardo-Valcarce Foundation's sheltered workshops and vocational employment programmes in Madrid (Spain), 203 adults diagnosed with schizophrenia from four Spanish Community Mental Health Services (Barcelona, Madrid, Granada and Navarra) and 90 adults with mental health problems in ID (MH-ID) from the Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu Health Care Site in Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona (Spain) were asked to participate in the present study along with their main caregivers. Family impact experienced by caregivers was assessed with the ECFOS-II/SOFBI-II scale (Entrevista de Carga Familiar Objetiva y Subjetiva/Objective and Subjective Family Burden Interview). In global terms, results showed that the higher family impact was found between caregivers to people with MH-ID. The interaction of both conditions (ID and mental health problems) results in a higher degree of burden on families than when both conditions are presented separately. There was also an impact in caregivers to people with schizophrenia, this impact being higher than the one detected in caregivers to people with intellectual disability. Needs of caregivers to people with disability should be addressed specifically in order to effectively support families.

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En dues ocasions anteriors i en circumstancies ben diferents per alguns de nosaltres, hem opinat o escrit sobre la formació permanent del professorat des d'aquesta "Tribuna» de Tempsd'Educació, per descriure les previsions del Pla de Formació del Departament d'Ensenyament (núm. 2, 1990) o per opinar i comentar les orientacions de la Comunitat Europea sobre la materia (núm. 5, 1991). En aquesta ocasió intentem aproximar-nos al tema des de la perspectiva de la Renovació Pedagógica i reflexionar sobre la marxa i la situació actual del Pla de Formació.

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Camprodon va rebre un llegat de més de 700 peces relacionades amb el músic Isaac Albéniz. L’any 1999, es decidí crear una fundació a Camprodon amb la intenció de difondre aquest llegat a través d’un museu. El museu no va acabar mai de funcionar per les limitacions d’espai i un projecte inadequat que va ser incapaç de despertar la curiositat dels visitants de Camprodon. Actualment, per manca de recursos econòmics, la rehabilitació del nou espai del Museu Isaac Albéniz es troba completament aturada. Aquest treball proposa la creació d’un projecte d’exposició permanent que es mantingui fins a l’obertura del museu definitiu

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The loss of autonomy at advanced ages is not only associated with ageing, but also with the characteristics of the physical and social environment. Recent investigations have shown that social networks, social engagement and participation act like predictors of disability among the elderly. The aim of this study is to determine whether social networks are related to the development and progression of disability in the early years of old age. The source of data is the first wave of the survey "Processes of Vulnerability among Spanish Elderly", carried out in 2005 to a sample of 1 244 individuals. The population object of study is the cohort aged 70 to 74 years in metropolitan areas (Madrid and Barcelona) and not institutionalized. Disability is measured by the development of basic activities of daily life (ADL), and instrumental activities of daily life (IADL). The structural aspects of the social relationships are measured through the diversity of social networks and participation. We used the social network index (SNI). For each point over the SNI, the risk of developing any type of disability decreased by 49% (HR = 0.51, 95%CI = 0.31-0.82). The SNI was a decisive factor in all forecasting models constructed with some hazard ratios (HR) that ranged from 0.29 (95%CI = 0.14-0.59) in the first model to 0.43 (95%CI 0.20-0.90) in the full model. The results of the present study showed a strong association between an active social life, emotional support provided by friends and confidents and disability. These findings suggest a protective effect of social networks on disability. Also, these results indicate that some family and emotional ties have a significant effect on both the prevalence and the incidence of disability.

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L'abril de 1989 el Ministeri d'Educació i Ciencia va presentar a la comunitat educativa un Pla de Formació del Professorat per sis anys que passo a descriure breument. El document pretén ser un marc d'actuació; alhora, descriu el context social i educatiu sobre el qual s'elabora el Pla, del qual deriva un nou perfil del professorat. Així mateix, estableix el que s'anomena «model de formació permanent', que comentaré més endavant. En aquest apartat s'enuncien les concepcions, principis basics i directrius que orienten I'execució del Pla, coherents amb el contingut i les característiques de I'actual reforma del sistema educatiu. Segueix en el document una definició de les estructures de formació, amb un desplegament especial de I'apartat corresponent als centres de professors. A I'apartat «Pla d'Actuació' s'estableixen les finalitats i objectius del PI a, i així mateix les línies d'actuació mitjanyant les quals es pretén atenyer els objectius proposats. Tot seguit s'estableixen els criteris d'avaluació previstos tant per als programes com per al conjunt del Pla. Finalment, es fa una valoració aproximada del cost económic que, tal com s'indica, s'haura d'anar concretant als diferents plans anuals. A continuació, en vint-i-nou annexos, es descriuen les línies generals dels programes que hauran de fer realitat els objectius i els fins que ens proposem.

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Many European states apply score systems to evaluate the disability severity of non-fatal motor victims under the law of third-party liability. The score is a non-negative integer with an upper bound at 100 that increases with severity. It may be automatically converted into financial terms and thus also reflects the compensation cost for disability. In this paper, discrete regression models are applied to analyze the factors that influence the disability severity score of victims. Standard and zero-altered regression models are compared from two perspectives: an interpretation of the data generating process and the level of statistical fit. The results have implications for traffic safety policy decisions aimed at reducing accident severity. An application using data from Spain is provided.