31 resultados para PRACTICA DE LA ARGUMENTACION


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El present número de la revista Temps d'Educació conté el text de les ponències presentades al Congrés Europeu sobre Tecnologia de la Informació a l'Educació: una visió crítica1 ¿ En aquest article es fa una introducció al contingut d'aquest exemplar de la revista, que consta de tres parts. En un primer moment es presenten els antecedents i el context que va portar a l'organització d'aquest acte i a continuació s'expliquen els aspectes més rellevants del seu desenvolupament en la practica per acabar amb algunes de les reflexions i aportacions que podrien considerar-se més significatives.

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En els processos de reforma educativa, passa sovint que la necessitat de fer front a les dificultats i als obstacles amb que es troba inevitablement la seva posada en practica -i que són més grans com més gran és l'abast de les transformacions preteses- condueix a un cert oblit de la situació inicial, del diagnostic deis problemes i les disfuncions que hi ha al seu origen i, fins i tot de vegades, de les mateixes finalitats i de les opcions basiques que les presideixen i orienten. Just en aquest moment, quan la gravetat del problemes i les disfuncions originals empal·lideix i es desdibuixa davant la immediatesa i la vivència quotidiana deis obstacles i les dificultats que planteja la nova situació, se sol manifestar amb forga la temptació de tornar al punt de partida, a les solucions ja assajades, al que és conegut, oblidant que va ser precisament la insatisfacció generalitzada amb aquell punt de partida i aquel les solucions el que va motivar el procés de reforma empres. És el moment en que, si no es posen els mitjans necessaris per resistir la temptació, de fet es comencen a gestar -de vegades de forma oberta i declarada, de vegades de forma encoberta i dissimulada- els processos de contrareforma.

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The purpose of this article is to treat a currently much debated issue, the effects of age on second language learning. To do so, we contrast data collected by our research team from over one thousand seven hundred young and adult learners with four popular beliefs or generalizations, which, while deeply rooted in this society, are not always corroborated by our data.Two of these generalizations about Second Language Acquisition (languages spoken in the social context) seem to be widely accepted: a) older children, adolescents and adults are quicker and more efficient at the first stages of learning than are younger learners; b) in a natural context children with an early start are more liable to attain higher levels of proficiency. However, in the context of Foreign Language Acquisition, the context in which we collect the data, this second generalization is difficult to verify due to the low number of instructional hours (a maximum of some 800 hours) and the lower levels of language exposure time provided. The design of our research project has allowed us to study differences observed with respect to the age of onset (ranging from 2 to 18+), but in this article we focus on students who began English instruction at the age of 8 (LOGSE Educational System) and those who began at the age of 11 (EGB). We have collected data from both groups after a period of 200 (Time 1) and 416 instructional hours (Time 2), and we are currently collecting data after a period of 726 instructional hours (Time 3). We have designed and administered a variety of tests: tests on English production and reception, both oral and written, and within both academic and communicative oriented approaches, on the learners' L1 (Spanish and Catalan), as well as a questionnaire eliciting personal and sociolinguistic information. The questions we address and the relevant empirical evidence are as follows: 1. "For young children, learning languages is a game. They enjoy it more than adults."Our data demonstrate that the situation is not quite so. Firstly, both at the levels of Primary and Secondary education (ranging from 70.5% in 11-year-olds to 89% in 14-year-olds) students have a positive attitude towards learning English. Secondly, there is a difference between the two groups with respect to the factors they cite as responsible for their motivation to learn English: the younger students cite intrinsic factors, such as the games they play, the methodology used and the teacher, whereas the older students cite extrinsic factors, such as the role of their knowledge of English in the achievement of their future professional goals. 2 ."Young children have more resources to learn languages." Here our data suggest just the opposite. The ability to employ learning strategies (actions or steps used) increases with age. Older learners' strategies are more varied and cognitively more complex. In contrast, younger learners depend more on their interlocutor and external resources and therefore have a lower level of autonomy in their learning. 3. "Young children don't talk much but understand a lot"This third generalization does seem to be confirmed, at least to a certain extent, by our data in relation to the analysis of differences due to the age factor and productive use of the target language. As seen above, the comparably slower progress of the younger learners is confirmed. Our analysis of interpersonal receptive abilities demonstrates as well the advantage of the older learners. Nevertheless, with respect to passive receptive activities (for example, simple recognition of words or sentences) no great differences are observed. Statistical analyses suggest that in this test, in contrast to the others analyzed, the dominance of the subjects' L1s (reflecting a cognitive capacity that grows with age) has no significant influence on the learning process. 4. "The sooner they begin, the better their results will be in written language"This is not either completely confirmed in our research. First of all, we perceive that certain compensatory strategies disappear only with age, but not with the number of instructional hours. Secondly, given an identical number of instructional hours, the older subjects obtain better results. With respect to our analysis of data from subjects of the same age (12 years old) but with a different number of instructional hours (200 and 416 respectively, as they began at the ages of 11 and 8), we observe that those who began earlier excel only in the area of lexical fluency. In conclusion, the superior rate of older learners appears to be due to their higher level of cognitive development, a factor which allows them to benefit more from formal or explicit instruction in the school context. Younger learners, however, do not benefit from the quantity and quality of linguistic exposure typical of a natural acquisition context in which they would be allowed to make use of implicit learning abilities. It seems clear, then, that the initiative in this country to begin foreign language instruction earlier will have positive effects only if it occurs in combination with either higher levels of exposure time to the foreign language, or, alternatively, with its use as the language of instruction in other areas of the curriculum.

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A través de un diseño intrasujeto contrabalanceado, y sobre una base de doble ciego, se han estudiado, en relación al placebo, 1os efectos de una dosis única de 20 mg. de clobazam sobre la memoria, atencion y tiempo de reaccion medidos a traves de pruebas de laboratorio. Se ha utilizado una muestra de 9 sujetos, universitarios voluntarios, sin patologia orgánica conocida y con puntuaciones medias en 10s factores neuroticismo y extroversión del E.P.I. No se han encontrado diferencias significativas entre el clobazam y el placebo, salvo en la prueba de Tolouse-Pieron, la cua1 pone de manifiesto un efecto detrimental del clobazam. Por otra parte, aunque no estadisticamente significativas, se han apreciado dos tendencias. En primer lugar, el clobazam tiende a disminuir el rendimiento mnemico y de atencion y a incrementar la rapidez de respuesta en comparación con el placebo; en segundo lugar, el clobazam inhibe el efecto de practica en las aplicaciones sucesivas de las pruebas de atención y memoria y 10 potencia en el caso del tiempo de reaccion. Por todo ello se requiere una investigacion adicional con mas sujetos y un diseño experimental más complejo.

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Juan Martínez Alier, un competente economista especializado en economia agraria, ha escrito un libro que quizá tenga un difícil camino entre sus más lógicos destinatarios. L'ecologisme i l'economia, que tal es su titulo, es, a primera vista, un libro militante, escrito desde un cierto ecologismo de izquierdas, que sin perder agresividad radical no tiene un ápice de anticientificismo ni de bucolismo. Después de leerlo uno sospecha que no pocos simpatizantes del ecologismo encontraran aquí una obra densa y difícil, cuyo rigor y erudición exigen lectura pausada y atenta, y que además carece de la pauta formal (casi obligada en la literatura ecológico-política al uso) de las profecías milenaristas. Esta sospecha de desapego se duplica cuando uno imagina la recepción que los economistas puedan dispensarle, especialmente los economistas más ortodoxos y académicos. Las críticas más numerosas y rotundas del ensayo que comentamos van dirigidas precisamente a la teoria económica convencional y a la practica corriente de 1os economistas, y esto además desde un utillaje analítics y un estilo expositivo poco frecuentes en el mundo universitario. Sin embargo, bien podria ser que historiadores, antropólogos y algunos otros especialistas en ciencias sociales, considerasen esta obra como un autentico regalo. Concretamente, hay muchas cosas en el ensayo de Martinez Alier que pueden interesar a un geógrafo, incluso si es un geógrafo muy académico. La mis evidente es su interesante reconstrucción histórica de las ideas ecológicas, aunque, como veremos, quizá hay algunas mas.

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Se presenta en este artículo una introducción a los orígenes, conceptos y practica de una nueva corriente del razonamiento médico denominada: «Medicina basada en la evidencia» y por extensión: «Odontología basada en la evidencia». En él se describen sus componentes: la formulación de la pregunta; la búsqueda en la literatura científica de evidencias relevantes que le den respuesta; el análisis crítico de esta literatura; y la aplicación en la práctica clínica de estos hallazgos. La Odontología no es ajena a su creciente influencia en la práctica clínica y en la educación de pre y postgrado.

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Els pacients politraumatitzats representen un important problema a nivell mundial i també en el nostre país. Els traumatismes són una important causa de mortalitat per a la població més jove i provoquen unes seqüeles molt importants, tant a nivell físic, psicològic i social. Un dels factors que influeixen en l’aparició d’aquestes seqüeles és el dolor que pateixen aquests malalts durant els moments posteriors a l’accident. És per aquest motiu que al llarg d’aquest treball de final de carrera d’infermeria, s’intentarà donar una solució útil per als professionals sanitaris encarregats d’atendre aquests pacients en primera instància. En primer lloc és farà una descripció d’alguns dels temes més importants i més destacats pel que fa als pacients politraumatitzats i al dolor que aquests pateixen. A continuació es donaran a conèixer algunes dades pel que fa a la prevalença d’aquest problema i per últim es presentarà una nova eina de valoració del dolor pensada per donar solució als problemes que els professionals sanitaris tenen de resoldre durant la seva practica clínica diària. En el present treball també es té en compte de quina forma es realitzarà una avaluació dels resultats de la mateixa eina per tal d’estudiar els seus punts més dèbils i implantar noves mesures enfocades a millorar-ne el funcionament.

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The purpose of this article is to treat a currently much debated issue, the effects of age on second language learning. To do so, we contrast data collected by our research team from over one thousand seven hundred young and adult learners with four popular beliefs or generalizations, which, while deeply rooted in this society, are not always corroborated by our data.Two of these generalizations about Second Language Acquisition (languages spoken in the social context) seem to be widely accepted: a) older children, adolescents and adults are quicker and more efficient at the first stages of learning than are younger learners; b) in a natural context children with an early start are more liable to attain higher levels of proficiency. However, in the context of Foreign Language Acquisition, the context in which we collect the data, this second generalization is difficult to verify due to the low number of instructional hours (a maximum of some 800 hours) and the lower levels of language exposure time provided. The design of our research project has allowed us to study differences observed with respect to the age of onset (ranging from 2 to 18+), but in this article we focus on students who began English instruction at the age of 8 (LOGSE Educational System) and those who began at the age of 11 (EGB). We have collected data from both groups after a period of 200 (Time 1) and 416 instructional hours (Time 2), and we are currently collecting data after a period of 726 instructional hours (Time 3). We have designed and administered a variety of tests: tests on English production and reception, both oral and written, and within both academic and communicative oriented approaches, on the learners' L1 (Spanish and Catalan), as well as a questionnaire eliciting personal and sociolinguistic information. The questions we address and the relevant empirical evidence are as follows: 1. "For young children, learning languages is a game. They enjoy it more than adults."Our data demonstrate that the situation is not quite so. Firstly, both at the levels of Primary and Secondary education (ranging from 70.5% in 11-year-olds to 89% in 14-year-olds) students have a positive attitude towards learning English. Secondly, there is a difference between the two groups with respect to the factors they cite as responsible for their motivation to learn English: the younger students cite intrinsic factors, such as the games they play, the methodology used and the teacher, whereas the older students cite extrinsic factors, such as the role of their knowledge of English in the achievement of their future professional goals. 2 ."Young children have more resources to learn languages." Here our data suggest just the opposite. The ability to employ learning strategies (actions or steps used) increases with age. Older learners' strategies are more varied and cognitively more complex. In contrast, younger learners depend more on their interlocutor and external resources and therefore have a lower level of autonomy in their learning. 3. "Young children don't talk much but understand a lot"This third generalization does seem to be confirmed, at least to a certain extent, by our data in relation to the analysis of differences due to the age factor and productive use of the target language. As seen above, the comparably slower progress of the younger learners is confirmed. Our analysis of interpersonal receptive abilities demonstrates as well the advantage of the older learners. Nevertheless, with respect to passive receptive activities (for example, simple recognition of words or sentences) no great differences are observed. Statistical analyses suggest that in this test, in contrast to the others analyzed, the dominance of the subjects' L1s (reflecting a cognitive capacity that grows with age) has no significant influence on the learning process. 4. "The sooner they begin, the better their results will be in written language"This is not either completely confirmed in our research. First of all, we perceive that certain compensatory strategies disappear only with age, but not with the number of instructional hours. Secondly, given an identical number of instructional hours, the older subjects obtain better results. With respect to our analysis of data from subjects of the same age (12 years old) but with a different number of instructional hours (200 and 416 respectively, as they began at the ages of 11 and 8), we observe that those who began earlier excel only in the area of lexical fluency. In conclusion, the superior rate of older learners appears to be due to their higher level of cognitive development, a factor which allows them to benefit more from formal or explicit instruction in the school context. Younger learners, however, do not benefit from the quantity and quality of linguistic exposure typical of a natural acquisition context in which they would be allowed to make use of implicit learning abilities. It seems clear, then, that the initiative in this country to begin foreign language instruction earlier will have positive effects only if it occurs in combination with either higher levels of exposure time to the foreign language, or, alternatively, with its use as the language of instruction in other areas of the curriculum.

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The purpose of this article is to treat a currently much debated issue, the effects of age on second language learning. To do so, we contrast data collected by our research team from over one thousand seven hundred young and adult learners with four popular beliefs or generalizations, which, while deeply rooted in this society, are not always corroborated by our data.Two of these generalizations about Second Language Acquisition (languages spoken in the social context) seem to be widely accepted: a) older children, adolescents and adults are quicker and more efficient at the first stages of learning than are younger learners; b) in a natural context children with an early start are more liable to attain higher levels of proficiency. However, in the context of Foreign Language Acquisition, the context in which we collect the data, this second generalization is difficult to verify due to the low number of instructional hours (a maximum of some 800 hours) and the lower levels of language exposure time provided. The design of our research project has allowed us to study differences observed with respect to the age of onset (ranging from 2 to 18+), but in this article we focus on students who began English instruction at the age of 8 (LOGSE Educational System) and those who began at the age of 11 (EGB). We have collected data from both groups after a period of 200 (Time 1) and 416 instructional hours (Time 2), and we are currently collecting data after a period of 726 instructional hours (Time 3). We have designed and administered a variety of tests: tests on English production and reception, both oral and written, and within both academic and communicative oriented approaches, on the learners' L1 (Spanish and Catalan), as well as a questionnaire eliciting personal and sociolinguistic information. The questions we address and the relevant empirical evidence are as follows: 1. "For young children, learning languages is a game. They enjoy it more than adults."Our data demonstrate that the situation is not quite so. Firstly, both at the levels of Primary and Secondary education (ranging from 70.5% in 11-year-olds to 89% in 14-year-olds) students have a positive attitude towards learning English. Secondly, there is a difference between the two groups with respect to the factors they cite as responsible for their motivation to learn English: the younger students cite intrinsic factors, such as the games they play, the methodology used and the teacher, whereas the older students cite extrinsic factors, such as the role of their knowledge of English in the achievement of their future professional goals. 2 ."Young children have more resources to learn languages." Here our data suggest just the opposite. The ability to employ learning strategies (actions or steps used) increases with age. Older learners' strategies are more varied and cognitively more complex. In contrast, younger learners depend more on their interlocutor and external resources and therefore have a lower level of autonomy in their learning. 3. "Young children don't talk much but understand a lot"This third generalization does seem to be confirmed, at least to a certain extent, by our data in relation to the analysis of differences due to the age factor and productive use of the target language. As seen above, the comparably slower progress of the younger learners is confirmed. Our analysis of interpersonal receptive abilities demonstrates as well the advantage of the older learners. Nevertheless, with respect to passive receptive activities (for example, simple recognition of words or sentences) no great differences are observed. Statistical analyses suggest that in this test, in contrast to the others analyzed, the dominance of the subjects' L1s (reflecting a cognitive capacity that grows with age) has no significant influence on the learning process. 4. "The sooner they begin, the better their results will be in written language"This is not either completely confirmed in our research. First of all, we perceive that certain compensatory strategies disappear only with age, but not with the number of instructional hours. Secondly, given an identical number of instructional hours, the older subjects obtain better results. With respect to our analysis of data from subjects of the same age (12 years old) but with a different number of instructional hours (200 and 416 respectively, as they began at the ages of 11 and 8), we observe that those who began earlier excel only in the area of lexical fluency. In conclusion, the superior rate of older learners appears to be due to their higher level of cognitive development, a factor which allows them to benefit more from formal or explicit instruction in the school context. Younger learners, however, do not benefit from the quantity and quality of linguistic exposure typical of a natural acquisition context in which they would be allowed to make use of implicit learning abilities. It seems clear, then, that the initiative in this country to begin foreign language instruction earlier will have positive effects only if it occurs in combination with either higher levels of exposure time to the foreign language, or, alternatively, with its use as the language of instruction in other areas of the curriculum.

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El pràcticum és una aproximació a la comunitat xinesa a través de la medicina tradicional xinesa. La línia de recerca és sobre temes de societat. Ens hem endinsat en la comunitat xinesa que viu i treballa a Barcelona. Per això ho hem analitzat i observat des de la perspectiva social i econòmica, en un primer terme, per a passar a continuació, i com a manifestació d'aquesta comunitat i del seu coneixement, a realitzar l'aprofundiment mitjançant la medicina tradicional xinesa, en concret la que es practica a Barcelona.

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L'educació i la reeducació de la veu tenen un llarg recorregut professional. A partir dels coneixements i de les tècniques provinents del món del cant i de la medicina, s'ha anat constituint un corpus de practiques professionals d'efectivitat contrastada en l'exercici quotidià. Componen una part d'aquest corpus les vocalitzacions que el pacient practica en les sessions terapèutiques. Aquest article pretén explicar les bases fisiològiques per escollir quin material fonètic s'empra en aquests exercicis.

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La migradesa d'estudis sobre la formació i les característiques del mapa municipal catala ha permes difondre la idea de que la seva actual configuració ha romas invariable des de sempre, i que és fruit d'uns fets dits naturals. Aquests suposits tenen una clara conseqüencia practica: qualsevol alteració de la fesomia municipal catalana és un atac a les essencies del país. L'objectiu últim d'aquest treball és justament el de presentar la realitat municipal com un fenomen molt més dinamic que no pas sembla, sotmes, com tot fet huma, aljoc d'interessos dels diversos grups socials i reflex d'un determinat model d'ordenació territorial. Creiem que aquesta perspectiva histórica permetra entendre millor la genesi d'un mapa municipal que cada cop apareix més inadaptat als veritables ambits de relació quotidiana i, per aquesta raó, incapac d'afrontar els reptes d'una administració local eficac i participativa.

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El nexe d'unió com a professores va ser a partir de la preocupació i reflexió que anavem compartint sobre les nostres practiques a l'aula. El que sovint ens preguntavem era com podíem assumir el compromís perqué els nostres pressuposits educatius no ens tra'issin a I'hora de posar-los a la practica. La recerca d'aquesta coheréncia va fer-nos plantejar, analitzar i compartir els nostres suposits, sobretot pel que fa al sentit i a la visió del coneixement que transmetem relacionats amb un tipus determinat d'entendre la practica, és a dir, d'entendre les relacions amb I'alumnat, el tipus de tasques que es realitzen a classe i els processos d'avaluació que portem a terme. El que plantejarem a continuació és fruit, com hem dit, de les converses i reflexions que periodicament compartíem, pero també de les valoracions que, de manera anomina, realitzava I'alumnat de les nostres classes i d'algunes observacions que ens féiem mútuament. Agruparem les nostres reflexions a partir d'explorar tres temes: la transmissió del saber, I'enfocament pedagogic de la practica i les dificultats o limitacions d'uns estils determinats d'ensenyanya.

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Els jugadors de futbol sotmesos a una reconstrucció de LCA es veuen afectats per dos vessants. La primera és a nivell funcional de l’articulació del genoll, entenent aquesta com la capacitat que presenta el genoll a suportar pes, generar força, realitzar moviments i mantenir-se estable durant la practica esportiva (Mattacola et. al., 2002). La segona és a nivell psicològic en seguretat amb un mateix i en seguretat a l’acció motriu (Brewer et. al., 1993). Aquesta recerca presenta un estudi sobre la funcionalitat i l’estat psicològic de deu jugadors de futbol amateur un cop ja han estat rehabilitats i readaptats a la practica esportiva. L’objectiu de l’estudi és conèixer la relació entre les respostes funcionals i subjectives. El procés s’ha dividit en tres fases, la primera ha estat la selecció del grup i realització del qüestionari de creació pròpia QSCFEG 2014 (que permet extreure el nivell de seguretat en l’acció motriu i el nivell de seguretat amb un mateix), la segona fase ha consistit en passar les quatre proves del HOP Test i mesurar els perímetres i l’amplitud de moviment de les extremitats inferiors (per mesurar l’índex de simetria de les extremitat inferior i veure el nivell funcional) i la última la recopilació de dades, anàlisi dels resultats i extracció de conclusions. A l’analitzar el grup s’ha comprovat que tots els subjectes presenten un nivell funcional superior al paràmetre mínim, que segon Barber et. al (1990) és del 85%. Tot i això, la gran majoria presenten mancances a nivell psicològic, ja que han demostrat una puntuació baixa en relació als mínims establerts als nivells de seguretat motriu (40 punts mínim) i seguretat amb un mateix (20 punts mínim).

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En 10s últimos siglos diferentes corrientes de pensamiento europeas han reflexionado acerca de las características del Derecho y de la practica jurídica. Varias tendencias se han ido disputando el interds de 10s juristas especialmente en el campo delictual y en el contexto de la consolidacion de la institución carcelaria como ámbito central de ejecución de la pena privativa de libertad. En materia de Derecho Penal las dos orientaciones mas importantes de 10s siglos XVLII y XIX fueron el Positivismo y el Iluminismo (I), un debate que ilegó mas tardíamente y con menor fuerza a Argentina pero que fue una manifestación de la incorporación de 10s juristas al for0 internacional. Esa incorporación coincidia con Ia consolidacion de la criminologia positivista en Europa, fundada en el análisis de la personalidad del delincuente, en la utilización de métodos de las ciencias naturales y en paradigmas epistemológicos de tip etiolbgico: 10s representantes de esta corriente explicaban la criminalidad examinand0 las causas y 10s factores desde un punto de vista bislógico (2).