43 resultados para Neergaard, Niels Thomasius (1854-1936) -- Portraits
Resumo:
The aim of this paper is to discover the origins of utility regulation in Spain, and to analyse, from a microeconomic perspective, its characteristics and the impact of regulation on consumers and utilities. Madrid and the Madrilenian utilities are taken as a case study. The electric industry in the period studied was a natural monopoly2. Each of the three phases of production, generation, transmission and distribution, had natural monopoly characteristics. Therefore, the most efficient form to generate, transmit and distribute electricity was the monopoly because one firm can produce a quantity at a lower cost than the sum of costs incurred by two or more firms. A problem arises because when a firm is the single provider it can charge prices above the marginal cost, at monopoly prices. When a monopolist reduces the quantity produced, price increases, causing the consumer to demand less than the economic efficiency level, incurring a loss of consumer surplus. The loss of the consumer surplus is not completely gained by the monopolist, causing a loss of social surplus, a deadweight loss. The main objective of regulation is going to be to reduce to a minimum the deadweight loss. Regulation is also needed because when the monopolist fixes prices at marginal cost equal marginal revenue there would be an incentive for firms to enter the market creating inefficiency. The Madrilenian industry has been chosen because of the availability of statistical information on costs and production. The complex industry structure and the atomised demand add interest to the analysis. This study will also provide some light on the tariff regulation of the period which has been poorly studied and will complement the literature on the US electric utilities regulation where a different type of regulation was implemented.
Resumo:
The role of public health has been a central topic on the classical debate about the historical mortality decline in Europe. One of these health initiatives were the Milk Depots. Spain set up those centres from the late 19th century until the beginning of the Civil War. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effect of this health intervention on the infant mortality decline during this period. This study works out three kinds of sources: Statistical Yearbooks, Official documents and local records produced by the same Milk Depot. It analyses data available for all the country and one local case such as the Barcelona’s Milk Depot (1904-1935). The main methodological issue deals with the measurement of the effect of the Milk Depot activities on the pattern of changes of infant mortality. Results suggest that Milk Depots have a positive but quite moderate effect on the improving of overall levels of child survival.
Resumo:
L'objectiu d'aquest treball és aclarir, fins on sigui possible, quines van ser les reaccions de quatre escriptors catalans en esclatar el conflicte, Pere Calders, Avel·lí Artís-Gener (
Resumo:
Article on es fa un breu repàs a l'activitat plàstica desenvolupada a la ciutat de Girona en temps de La Guerra Civil (1936-1939) i on s' estableixen quinesvaren ser les manifestacions públiques, les notes que les caracteritzaren i llursprotagonistes principals
Resumo:
En aquest treball s'aprofundeix en el coneixement del que va ser l' alçament del 19 de juliol de 1936 i es detalla l'actuació contraposada que protagonitzaren, en temps de guerra idel franquisme, dos militars destinats a la ciutat: el tinent coronel Alcubilla iel capità Justo
Resumo:
Sobre la història, tasques i treballs de l'Oficina Romànica de Lingüística i Literatura
Resumo:
Article dedicat a les colònies d'estiuejants de final del segle XIX i primeres dècades del XX a la comarca de la Selva
Resumo:
Durant la primera meitat del segle XX, el nivell de vida i les condicions de treball de molts sectors pagesos varen deteriorar-se. La imatge més contundent d'aquest deteriorament es troba en el contlicte que esclatà durant els anys trenta, a recés d'unes condicions polítiques oberturistes i esperonat per una depressió económica mundial
Resumo:
This paper explores the relationship between violence and displacement during civil war focusing on two different forms of population movements (i.e. incoming and outgoing), and two different forms of violence (i.e. direct and indirect). The paper explores the relationship between displacement and violence at the local level in the context of a civil war fought conventionally using fine-grained data from 1,062 municipalities of the region of Catalonia during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). First, the paper suggests that exogenous and endogenous to the war factors combine to generate patterns of resettlement. Second, the evidence indicates that, in acivil war context, refugee flows and violence are interrelated in multiple ways: the arrival of internal refugees in a locality promotes the perpetration of direct violence against civilians; this, in turn, triggers the departure of people from the locality when the other group approaches. Third, indirect violence (i.e. bombings) shows to be the most significant factor accounting for external displacement at the local level, suggesting that bombing can serve as a strong signal for civilians of the type of armed group they are facing. Finally, the Spanish case suggests that the demographic changes provoked by displacement, combined with the lethality of the conflict, are likely to have long-term political consequences.
Resumo:
L’objectiu principal d’aquest estudi és analitzar el fenomen turístic a Ripoll durant els primers anys del segle XX, concretament durant el període 1907-1936, a través de revistes setmanals de Ripoll d’aquesta època, ja que permeten observar què passava en aquells moments a la societat de la vila i com vivia el turisme, si ho veien com un aspecte negatiu o positiu. A més, el període s’ha escollit per veure com era el turisme a inicis del segle XX, però també per veure com va evolucionar i com es va estancar al 1936 amb l’esclat de la Guerra Civil
Resumo:
En aquest treball s’analitzen els canvis que es produeixen en la dieta de la població de la comarca catalana del Vallès Occidental entre finals del segle XVIII i 1936, un període marcat per les grans transformacions econòmiques i socials que experimenta aquesta comarca amb el procés d’industrialització, d’urbanització, l’intens creixement demogràfic i la transformació de la seva agricultura. El resultat serà una millora i canvis importants en la composició de la dieta, que es poden emmarcar en el context de l’anomenada transició nutricional, i que acaben repercutint a llarg termini en un augment dels nivells de vida i de benestar de la població.
Resumo:
Análisi de l'impacte social i cultural de les Biblioteques Populars en el període compres entre 1924 i 1936. A partir de les dades de l'Anuari de les biblioteques populars, s'estudien els servéis que ofereixen aqüestes biblioteques, els hábits de lectura del public i la tipología deis seus usuaris.
Resumo:
Aquesta tesi analitza la integració vertical entre fabricació, comercialització i finançament a la indústria catalana del període 1840-1936. L¿evidència obtinguda de les fonts arxivístiques confirma la visió tradicional quant a la descripció dels fets, però ofereix una interpretació alternativa, més optimista, de les causes i de les conseqüències. Els fabricants s¿implicaren en la comercialització perquè ells eren els coordinadors entre oferta i demanda (no com en el cas britànic, on ho eren els comerciants), i per tant havien de tenir un peu a cada banda. A més, els fabricants eren els més ben situats per a ser uns banquers eficients dels seus clients.
Resumo:
This paper describes the improvement that took place in the Spanish transport system between 1800 and 1936. The text points out that, despite the investment efforts that were carried out between 1840 and 1855, the process of transport cost reduction only experienced substantial progress after 1855. The largest transport cost decrease of the period under consideration took place during the three decades between 1855 and the great depression of the late nineteenth century, through the substitution of the railroad for the traditional transport means in the main routes of the country, as well as through the gradual reduction of the price of railway transport. The process went on more slowly later on, thanks to the construction of additional raillway lines (until 1895) and the enlargement of the secondary road network. The process of transport cost reduction accelerated again from the 1920s onwards, thanks to the diffusion of the automobile technology.
Resumo:
Giovanni C. Cattini is a young historian who offers an itemized study on Berneri's Guerra di Classe: he refers the first moments and also the definitive crisis of this newspaper after Berneri¿s assassination in May 1937. This is not the first work devoted to this militant platform has been annalysed but Cattini's approach observes not only the ideological and political contest maintained with other sectors of the libertarian movement but the contrived militant tools that have allowed its existance during the Spanish Civil War.