Las Respuestas estratégicas de los partidos de ámbito estatal a los desafíos de la competición multinivel: la política de alianzas del PP y el PSOE en las Comunidades Autónomas de España (1980-2008)

Este trabajo se propone analizar las estrategias electorales y de coalición del PP y del PSOE en las distintas Comunidades Autónomas con el objetivo de demostrar que un mismo partido puede adoptar simultáneamente respuestas. Este comportamiento según el planteamiento que aquí se sostiene se debe que cada comunidad presenta una dinámica de la competencia diferenciada, sobre todo aquellas que cuentan con partidos de ámbito no estatal relevantes.

Exploring educational mobility in Europe

This paper is concerned with the investigation of the intergenerational mobility of education in several European countries and its changes across birth cohorts (1940-1980) using a new mobility index that considers the total degree of mobility as the weighted sum of mobility with respect to both parents. Moreover, this mobility index enables the analysis of the role of family characteristics as mediating factors in the statistical association between individual and parental education. We find that Nordic countries display lower levels of educational persistence but that the degree of mobility increases over time only in those countries with low initial levels. Moreover, the results suggest that the degree of mobility with respect to fathers and mothers converges to the same level and that family characteristics account for an important part of the statistical association between parental education and children’s schooling; a particular finding is that the most important elements of family characteristics are the family’s socio-economic status and educational assortative mating of the parents.

La figura di Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) in Tajna Nikole Tesle (1980)

Nikola Tesla è considerato, dai divulgatori scientifici che di lui si occupano, una figura chiave nella storia della scienza moderna e contemporanea, per l’importanza che hanno avuto le sue ricerche nello sviluppo di tecnologie del XX e XXI secolo. La sua attuale scarsa fama nel piano accademico contrasta con un’abbondante presenza di un Nikola Tesla come personaggio di finzione nelle arti popolari. Questa ricezione ambigua di Tesla potrebbe essere di fatto relazionata con il carattere utopico e visionario delle sue speranze nella scienza come mezzo di conoscenza per il miglioramento della società umana. Questo breve saggio si propone di analizzare come venga presentato il personaggio di Nikola Tesla nel lungometraggio jugoslavo Tajna Nikole Tesle, contribuendo così alla comprensione di come la narrativa di finzione possa sfruttare l’immagine di uno scienziato relativamente agli interessi politici legati a specifici contesti socio-storici.

Estudio del ecosistema urbano de San José. Protocolo de monitoreo de aves y naturalización del Parque La Sabana

El papel de la ciudad en el futuro de la humanidad será transcendente, y es que el crecimiento actual de los espacios urbanos tiende, en general, a desbordar el sitio original de las ciudades, abarcando territorios cada vez más extensos y discontinuos. Y por este motivo es de vital importancia el estudio de la ciudad y de su entorno, el cual es sinónimo de ecosistema urbano. En el siguiente estudio se evalúa el ecosistema urbano de San José, capital de Costa Rica, dando énfasis en las zonas verdes presentes, en las relaciones con los ecosistemas naturales circundantes y como mejorar su capacidad ecológica. Por este motivo se ha analizado un proceso de rearborización en el Parque Metropolitano La Sabana, principal nódulo de carga de la trama urbana. Este esfuerzo de naturación dotará al parque de una mayor naturalización, con lo que se espera un aumento de la biodiversidad faunística. Para conocer estos cambios se crea un programa de monitoreo de aves con su respectivo protocolo.

Gènere i bilingüisme: connectant experiències i teories. Introductory paper in Santaemilia, José, Patricia Bou, Sergio Maruenda i Gora Zaragoza International Perspectives on Gender and Language

Peer-reviewed

La història del turisme a la ciutat de Girona

Breu itinerari per la història del turisme de la ciutat de Girona, estructurada en quatre períodes. En la primera etapa, s'assenten les bases de la imatge turística de la ciutat (1850 1900); el període artesanal (1900-1950) coincideix amb els primers passos de la indústria turística i la consolidació de l'ideal romàntic; seguidament, el període fordista (1950- 1980) és la fase de transformació radical del turisme i implica una concentració de la demanda en el litoral; i, finalment, el període postfordista (1980-2006), caracteritzat per la instauració de la democràcia, l'inici de l'esgotament del model tradicional i la densitat creixent de fluxos turístics al Barri Vell

Hermen Anglada-Camarasa: De Barcelona a París, 1871-1904

Estudi d’un període concret de l’artista català Hermenegild Anglada-Camarasa, els anys1871-1904. Són els anys de formació de l’artista a Catalunya, passant per Barcelona, Arbúcies i Vilanova i la Geltrú. També viatja a París i continua la formació allà, on contacta amb moviments artístics europeus i internacionals, es consolida la seva figura i comença a tenir força reconeixement a nivell internacional

Cross-Border Cooperation Between Spain and Portugal: A case Study of the Southern Regions

After centuries of lack of contacts between Spain and Portugal, the democratization of both countries allowed for a rapprochement which today is becoming more intensive. The crucial factor of the growing integration of Spanish and Portuguese border regions into a cross-border region is naturally the INTERREG programme. Both regions are disadvantaged within the European Union and their respective countries as poor regions. They have the status of a ‘double periphery’. In the 1980s and particularly 1990s actors on both sides of the border intensified their contacts in order to overcome their double peripherality. The growing number of projects, the improvement of infrastructures and the revival of associationism will certainly change the quality of life of these regions, which are still among the lowest in both countries. The continuation of the INTERREG programme after 2007-2013 will be an important consolidating tool for the further development of cross-border cooperation.

Les Marques blanques en temps de crisi

Tots hem sentit parlar algun cop de les marques blanques, més formalment conegudes com a marques del distribuïdor. En els últims mesos, però, els fabricants de marques blanques s’han vist implicats en una polèmica disputa per la quota de mercat amb els fabricants de primeres marques. Quin ha estat el detonant d’aquesta guerra d’interessos? Ha jugat la crisi un paper crucial? És simplement una qüestió passatgera? S’ha reduït el volum d’oferta i de demanda de les primeres marques? Totes aquestes qüestions que estan tenint tant de ressò actualment i d’altres que aniran sorgint, són les que intentarem resoldre i contrastar a mesura que avanci aquest treball.Una de les motivacions que ens va portar a la realització d’aquest treball, va ser que d’un temps ençà, la frase “ no fabrica per altres marques” se’ns repetia constantment, ja fos a la premsa com als anuncis televisius i això va despertar en nosaltres una curiositat i una necessitat d’arribar més enllà en aquest tema. Tot el que llegíem sobre el tema ens portava a entendre que havia començat una guerra d’interessos entre primeres marques i marques blanques, però, quin era el rol del comprador en aquesta guerra? Estava canviant la crisi els seus hàbits de compra? Va ser llavors quan ens vam plantejar que la crisi actual podia estar afectant als hàbits de consum de la gent i que després d’eliminar les despeses en luxes, s’havia de començar a estalviar en un béns més bàsics.És aquí quan se’ns va ocórrer relacionar-ho tot i treure el nostre tema de treball i així intentar respondre aquestes qüestions.

Information revelation and market incompleteness

\documentstyle[portada,11pt]{article}This paper shows that the presence of private information in aneconomy can be a source of market incompleteness even when it is feasibleto issue a set of securities that completely eliminates the informationalasymmetries in equilibrium. We analyze a simple security design model in which avolume maximizing futures exchange chooses not only the characteristics ofeach individual contract but also the number of contracts. Agents have rationalexpectations and differ in information, endowments and, possibly, attitudestoward risk. The emergence of complete or incomplete markets in equilibriumdepends on whether the {\it adverse selection effect} is stronger or weakerthan the {\it Hirshleifer effect}, as new securitiesare issued and prices reveal more information. When the Hirshleifer effectdominates, the exchange chooses an incomplete set of financial contracts, andthe equilibrium price is partially revealing.

On the impact of leverage constraints on asset prices and trading volume

Researchers have used stylized facts on asset prices and trading volumein stock markets (in particular, the mean reversion of asset returnsand the correlations between trading volume, price changes and pricelevels) to support theories where agents are not rational expected utilitymaximizers. This paper shows that this empirical evidence is in factconsistent with a standard infite horizon perfect information expectedutility economy where some agents face leverage constraints similar tothose found in todays financial markets. In addition, and in sharpcontrast to the theories above, we explain some qualitative differencesthat are observed in the price-volume relation on stock and on futuresmarkets. We consider a continuous-time economy where agents maximize theintegral of their discounted utility from consumption under both budgetand leverage con-straints. Building on the work by Vila and Zariphopoulou(1997), we find a closed form solution, up to a negative constant, for theequilibrium prices and demands in the region of the state space where theconstraint is non-binding. We show that, at the equilibrium, stock holdingsvolatility as well as its ratio to stock price volatility are increasingfunctions of the stock price and interpret this finding in terms of theprice-volume relation.

Financing local development: Quasi-experimental evidence from municipalities in Brazil, 1980-1991

This paper uses a regression discontinuity design to estimate the impact of additional unrestrictedgrant financing on local public spending, public service provision, schooling, literacy, andincome at the community (municipio) level in Brazil. Additional transfers increased local publicspending per capita by about 20% with no evidence of crowding out own revenue or otherrevenue sources. The additional local spending increased schooling per capita by about 7% andliteracy rates by about 4 percentage points. The implied marginal cost of schooling -accountingfor corruption and other leakages- amounts to about US$ 126, which turns out to be similar tothe average cost of schooling in Brazil in the early 1980s. In line with the effect on human capital,the poverty rate was reduced by about 4 percentage points, while income per capita gains werepositive but not statistically significant. Results also suggest that additional public spending hadstronger effects on schooling and literacy in less developed parts of Brazil, while poverty reductionwas evenly spread across the country.