High order hydrodynamical equations

Hydrodynamical equations act as a link between the local observed magnitudes of galactic motion and the general ones accounting for the behaviour of the Galaxy as a whole. Constraints are set usually in order to use them even in the lower order hierarchy. The authors present in this paper the complete expressions up to their fourth order. These equations will be used in the next future in their general form taking into account both the expected increase of kinematic data that the astrometric mission Hipparcos will provide, and some recent results indicating the possibility to obtain estimates for the momenta gradients.

Suboptimal filtering and nonlinear time scale transformation for the analysis of multiexponential decays

Multiexponential decays may contain time-constants differing in several orders of magnitudes. In such cases, uniform sampling results in very long records featuring a high degree of oversampling at the final part of the transient. Here, we analyze a nonlinear time scale transformation to reduce the total number of samples with minimum signal distortion, achieving an important reduction of the computational cost of subsequent analyses. We propose a time-varying filter whose length is optimized for minimum mean square error

Objetivo: cuantificar la reproducción

Se estudian en este trabajo algunas magnitudes relacionadas con el enfoque de la reproducción social. Ante todo se hace hincapié en tres ideas fundamentales, las nociones de: a) Salidas menos entradas; b) Salidas dividido por entradas; c) Subsistemas. A continuación se subrayan los obstáculos para la cuantificación directa de estos conceptos, y se repasan las vías sugeridas para sortear las dificultades (por medio de constructos teóricos propuestos por Leontief, von Neumann y Sraffa). Luego se examinan dos nuevos indicadores: la ¿tasaespecífica de excedente¿, que se refiere a los bienes autorreproducibles, y el ¿coeficiente neto de reproducción¿, que se predica de todos los bienes básicos. De pasada se apuntan algunas pistas para establecer indicadores del mismogénero en campos como la economía ecológica y la economía feminista. Por último, se anotan algunas conjeturas relacionadas con la dirección adecuada del cambio técnico

Statistics of avalanches in martensitic transformations, II. Modelling

Using a scaling assumption, we propose a phenomenological model aimed to describe the joint probability distribution of two magnitudes A and T characterizing the spatial and temporal scales of a set of avalanches. The model also describes the correlation function of a sequence of such avalanches. As an example we study the joint distribution of amplitudes and durations of the acoustic emission signals observed in martensitic transformations [Vives et al., preceding paper, Phys. Rev. B 52, 12 644 (1995)].

Distributions of avalanches in martensitic transformations

An experimental study of the acoustic emission generated during a martensitic transformation is presented. A statistical analysis of the amplitude and lifetime of a large number of signals has revealed power-law behavior for both magnitudes. The exponents of these distributions have been evaluated and, through independent measurements of the statistical lifetime to amplitude dependence, we have checked the scaling relation between the exponents. Our results are discussed in terms of current ideas on avalanche dynamics.

Monte Carlo study of the finite-size effects on the magnetization of maghemite small particles

Monte Carlo simulations of a model for gamma-Fe2O3 (maghemite) single particle of spherical shape are presented aiming at the elucidation of the specific role played by the finite size and the surface on the anomalous magnetic behavior observed in small particle systems at low temperature. The influence of the finite-size effects on the equilibrium properties of extensive magnitudes, field coolings, and hysteresis loops is studied and compared to the results for periodic boundaries. It is shown that for the smallest sizes the thermal demagnetization of the surface completely dominates the magnetization while the behavior of the core is similar to that of the periodic boundary case, independently of D. The change in shape of the hysteresis loops with D demonstrates that the reversal mode is strongly influenced by the presence of broken links and disorder at the surface

La simplificación impositiva en Cuba: Sistemas objetivos de determinación de bases y aglutinación de varios impuestos en uno sólo impuesto

El presente estudio analiza el Impuesto sobre ingresos brutos integrado en el sistema tributario cubano al que están sujetas las sociedades que tributan por el Impuesto sobre Utilidades. Consiste en un sistema que sigue un método de determinación de bases mediante la utilización de índices objetivos referidos a magnitudes físicas, coeficientes o rendimientos de operaciones reales al alcance del sujeto pasivo y de la Administración tributaria

Rockfall monitoring by Terrestrial Laser Scanning ¿ case study of the basaltic rock face at Castellfollit de la Roca (Catalonia, Spain)

This case study deals with a rock face monitoring in urban areas using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner. The pilot study area is an almost vertical, fifty meter high cliff, on top of which the village of Castellfollit de la Roca is located. Rockfall activity is currently causing a retreat of the rock face, which may endanger the houses located at its edge. TLS datasets consist of high density 3-D point clouds acquired from five stations, nine times in a time span of 22 months (from March 2006 to January 2008). The change detection, i.e. rockfalls, was performed through a sequential comparison of datasets. Two types of mass movement were detected in the monitoring period: (a) detachment of single basaltic columns, with magnitudes below 1.5 m3 and (b) detachment of groups of columns, with magnitudes of 1.5 to 150 m3. Furthermore, the historical record revealed (c) the occurrence of slab failures with magnitudes higher than 150 m3. Displacements of a likely slab failure were measured, suggesting an apparent stationary stage. Even failures are clearly episodic, our results, together with the study of the historical record, enabled us to estimate a mean detachment of material from 46 to 91.5 m3 year¿1. The application of TLS considerably improved our understanding of rockfall phenomena in the study area.

Statistical mechanics of multi-edge networks

Statistical properties of binary complex networks are well understood and recently many attempts have been made to extend this knowledge to weighted ones. There are, however, subtle yet important considerations to be made regarding the nature of the weights used in this generalization. Weights can be either continuous or discrete magnitudes, and in the latter case, they can additionally have undistinguishable or distinguishable nature. This fact has not been addressed in the literature insofar and has deep implications on the network statistics. In this work we face this problem introducing multiedge networks as graphs where multiple (distinguishable) connections between nodes are considered. We develop a statistical mechanics framework where it is possible to get information about the most relevant observables given a large spectrum of linear and nonlinear constraints including those depending both on the number of multiedges per link and their binary projection. The latter case is particularly interesting as we show that binary projections can be understood from multiedge processes. The implications of these results are important as many real-agent-based problems mapped onto graphs require this treatment for a proper characterization of their collective behavior.

Rockfall monitoring by Terrestrial Laser Scanning ¿ case study of the basaltic rock face at Castellfollit de la Roca (Catalonia, Spain)

This case study deals with a rock face monitoring in urban areas using a Terrestrial Laser Scanner. The pilot study area is an almost vertical, fifty meter high cliff, on top of which the village of Castellfollit de la Roca is located. Rockfall activity is currently causing a retreat of the rock face, which may endanger the houses located at its edge. TLS datasets consist of high density 3-D point clouds acquired from five stations, nine times in a time span of 22 months (from March 2006 to January 2008). The change detection, i.e. rockfalls, was performed through a sequential comparison of datasets. Two types of mass movement were detected in the monitoring period: (a) detachment of single basaltic columns, with magnitudes below 1.5 m3 and (b) detachment of groups of columns, with magnitudes of 1.5 to 150 m3. Furthermore, the historical record revealed (c) the occurrence of slab failures with magnitudes higher than 150 m3. Displacements of a likely slab failure were measured, suggesting an apparent stationary stage. Even failures are clearly episodic, our results, together with the study of the historical record, enabled us to estimate a mean detachment of material from 46 to 91.5 m3 year¿1. The application of TLS considerably improved our understanding of rockfall phenomena in the study area.

High capacity FFT-based audio watermarking

Peer-reviewed

High capacity robust audio watermarking scheme based on FFT and linear regression

Peer-reviewed

La ciudad en el contexto de la Internet de las cosas

Obtención y publicación web de magnitudes físicas procedentes de todo tipo de dispositivos como teléfonos móviles, para mejorar la gestión y desarrollo de las ciudades desde una perspectiva sostenible.

La ciudad en el contexto de la Internet de las cosas

Obtención y publicación web de magnitudes físicas procedentes de todo tipo de dispositivos, como teléfonos móviles, para mejorar la gestión y desarrollo de las ciudades desde una perspectiva sostenible.

Propuesta de algoritmo para el diagnóstico de hipocalcemia tras tiroidectomía

Para diagnosticar la hipocalcemia, que a veces se presenta tras una tiroidectomia, habitualmente se recurre a la medida del ion calcio y a la evaluación de síntomas específicos de hipocalcemia (tetania, signo de Trousseau) o inespecíficos (parestesia, vómitos, etc) en los días posteriores a la intervención. Sería ideal que existiesen magnitudes bioquímicas que permitieran diagnosticar precozmente esta hipocalcemia y sintomatologia. Recientemente, se ha demostrado que las concentraciones intraoperatorias de paratirina (PTH) informan sobre el estado funcional de las glándulas paratiroides tras la tiroidectomia, por lo que éstas serian las magnitudes ideales que buscamos.