Flank stability and processes off the western Canary Islands: a review from El Hierro and La Palma

The morphological characterisation of the western submarine island flanks of El Hierro and La Palma differentiates four type-zones that may give new insights into the evolution of oceanic island slopes. The different type-zones result from the interplay between constructive volcanic processes, hemipelagic settling and volcano collapses. The latter results in massive debris avalanche deposits, which form large volcaniclastic aprons. In most cases, the headwall scarps are clearly exposed on the emerged part of the islands. The events that occurred in the youngest and westernmost islands of El Hierro and La Palma have vertical runouts exceeding 6,000 m and volumes that can reach several hundred km3. The landslide frequency for the entire Canaries is one major event per 90 ka. Triggering mechanisms are closely related to magmatic processes. The increase in the shear stress is directly linked with the forceful intrusion of magma along ridge-rift systems, while in the western Canary Islands it seems that the main process reducing shear resistance may be related to the rise in pore pressure due to hydrothermal circulation.

Excitability transitions and wave dynamics under spatiotemporal structured noise

We present an analytic and numerical study of the effects of external fluctuations in active media. Our analytical methodology transforms the initial stochastic partial differential equations into an effective set of deterministic reaction-diffusion equations. As a result we are able to explain and make quantitative predictions on the systematic and constructive effects of the noise, for example, target patterns created out of noise and traveling or spiral waves sustained by noise. Our study includes the case of realistic noises with temporal and spatial structures.

Excitability transitions and wave dynamics under spatiotemporal structured noise

We present an analytic and numerical study of the effects of external fluctuations in active media. Our analytical methodology transforms the initial stochastic partial differential equations into an effective set of deterministic reaction-diffusion equations. As a result we are able to explain and make quantitative predictions on the systematic and constructive effects of the noise, for example, target patterns created out of noise and traveling or spiral waves sustained by noise. Our study includes the case of realistic noises with temporal and spatial structures.

Transitional effects of a pension system change in Spain

This paper studies the output effects, transition costs and the change in pension benefits derived from the substitution of the current unfunded pension system by a fully funded pension system financed through mandatory savings.These effects are estimated by using reduced versions of the neoclassical and endogenous growth frameworks. Because of the greater capital accumulation during the transition phase, final output increases by 23,6% (neoclassicalframework); and a 24,5-31,5% (endogenous growth framework). The initial revenue loss for the government would represent a 4,8% of the GDP, raising very slowly during the transition period. Given the new growth rates, rates of return ofphysical capital, and financial intermediation costs, we have that the capitalization pension benefits obtained by all 30-contribution-year worker would be more than twice than those that guarantee the financial sustainability of thepublic pension system

Pla d'intervenció individual en la dislèxia i suport a les famílies en el trastorn per dèficit d'atenció i hiperactivitat

Aquest projecte té com a objectiu principal la intervenció en un context d'educació formal, obtenir experiència professional i definir quin és realment el paper del psicopedagog. Consta de tres activitats: un taller per a pares i mares de nens amb TDAH, un pla reeducatiu per a una alumna amb dislèxia i un taller de competència social per a nens amb TEA. El procés d'investigació-acció ha regit tot el procés, el qual es basa en els principis bàsics de la LEC (12/2009) de qualitat i equitat educativa i d'atenció a la diversitat, mitjançant el model col·laboratiu des d'un enfocament educacional constructiu. La comparació entre la teoria i la pràctica ha estat un punt clau per a concloure quina és la millor metodologia a emprar per a cada cas.

Les cançons a l'educació infantil. Com i per què s'utilitzen? Anàlisi d’un cas

Les cançons a l’Educació Infantil. Com i per què s’utilitzen? constitueix el títol del tema estudiat en aquest treball d’investigació qualitativa basada en la teoria constructivista de l’aprenentatge. Amb aquest procés de recerca hem volgut conèixer quina importància tenen les cançons en l’àmbit escolar, com cal treballar-les a l’aula i per a què es poden utilitzar. A partir d’aquesta informació extreta de la fonamentació teòrica hem realitzat l’aplicació pràctica basada en l’observació directa del treball de les cançons a l’aula de P5 de l’Escola Peranton de Granollers, centre que basa la seva metodologia en un Projecte Musical. Per últim, hem comparat, analitzat i extret conclusions entre el tractament de les cançons que defensen els teòrics i la realitat observada en el centre.

La “ciudad arqueológica” en el área catalana ante la irrupción del Islam

Se presenta un breve estado de la cuestión sobre la realidad arqueológica de los principales núcleos urbanos del este de la provincia Tarraconensis y a finales del Regnum Gothorum. Existe un nivel de conocimiento desigual para estas ciudades, fruto del contexto actual de la investigación, y también de una evolución histórica diferenciada, como consecuencia de unas características geopolíticas propias que, posiblemente, indujeron a una modificación de las jerarquías entre las ciudades. Planteamos la ciudad visigoda como el centro de gestión civil y religioso de una unidad territorial donde la arqueología identifica los vestigios de la arquitectura del poder, pero todavía no consigue definir con precisión los procesos domésticos inherentes a toda comunidad urbana. Conocemos globalmente los diferentes procesos de la desestructuración urbana de la Antigüedad tardía pero no los parámetros de la ocupación agrourbana de los recintos amurallados. Para este período histórico se supone que la redimensión demográfica del hecho urbano más una reducción de las relaciones económicas entre la ciudad y el territorio son factores determinantes de las nuevas ciudades visigodas, pero se reconoce una incertidumbre fruto de la dificultad arqueológica de estudiar las nuevas pautas constructivas y una cultura material más restringida.

Nuevos elementos escultóricos del recinto de culto del Concilium Provinciae Hispaniae Citerioris (Tarraco, Hispania Citerior)

The work of the Director Plan for the Cathedral of Tarragona has allowed us to make a revision regarding the knowledge, chronology and features of the sacred area of the Concilium Provinciae Hispaniae Citerioris. We present diverse elements of architectural and sculptured decoration recovered from constructive levels of 1st century A.D, and the 6th century A.D levels of re-use and transformation, in contemporary constructions. All these elements ratify the process of imitation of the Forum Augustum made in the capital of the Hispania Citerior.

Adaptació metrològica grega en l'arquitectura ibèrica de Catalunya: Puig de Sant Andreu d'Ullastret i Mas Castellar de Pontós

En el presente artículo se analiza la adopción en el contexto ibérico catalán de los patrones métricos característicos de las colonias griegas del Mediterráneo occidental. La determinación de la unidad de medida constructiva empleada, así como de su aplicación, ha sido posible mediante la identificación de los principios geométricos estructurales de las torres defensivas ibéricas.

Usability of Virtual Museums and the Diffusion of Cultural Heritage

Les prioritats per als museus canvien. La missió de la nova museologia és convertir els museus en llocs per a gaudir i aprendre, cosa que fa que hagin de dur a terme una gestió financera molt semblant a la d'una empresa social que competeixi en el sector del lleure. Amb el pas del temps, els museus han d'establir i aplicar els criteris necessaris per a la supervivència, aplanant el terreny perquè altres institucions públiques siguin més obertes en els seus esforços per comunicar i difondre el seu patrimoni. Ja podem començar a parlar d'algunes conclusions comunament acceptades sobre el comportament dels visitants, que són necessàries per a planificar exposicions futures que vegin l'aprenentatge com un procés constructiu, les col·leccions com a objectes amb significat i les mateixes exposicions com a mitjans de comunicació que haurien de transformar la manera de pensar de l'espectador i que estan al servei del mateix missatge. Sembla que internet representa un mitjà efectiu per a assolir aquests objectius, ja que és capaç (a) d'adaptar-se als interessos i les característiques intel·lectuals d'un públic divers; (b) de redescobrir els significats dels objectes i adquirir un reconeixement sociocultural del seu valor per mitjà del seu potencial interactiu, i (c) de fer ús d'elements atractius i estimulants perquè tothom en gaudeixi. Per a aquest propòsit, és bàsic fer-nos les preguntes següents: quins criteris ha de seguir un museu virtual per a optimar la difusió del seu patrimoni?; quins elements estimulen els usuaris a quedar-se en una pàgina web i fer visites virtuals que els siguin satisfactòries?; quin paper té la usabilitat de l'aplicació en tot això?

Gestión de la actividad no presencial y autoevaluación de competencias = Management of Student Learning Outside the Classroom and the Self-evaluation of Competences

Psychological Assessment is a core subject of Psychology studies, and of the university degree Human development, at the University of Girona and according to the University regulations, had 12 credits. Until the 2005-06 academic years, the student work conducted outside the classroom consisted of undertaking a psychological assessment that was written and handed in at the end of the course. From this the student obtained a qualification and a review if they applied for it In accordance with the European Credits for Higher Education, this subject was reduced to 9 credits, which is the equivalent of a total of 255 hours of in-class work and outside the classroom. In the 2006-07 academic year we created a guide to manage the student’s experiences outside the classroom, with the objective of encouraging the application of problem solving/critical thinking (Bloom, 1975), in line with the recommendations of the Catalonia Agency for University System Quality (2005). The guide includes: learning objectives, evaluation criterions, a description of activities, work week timetable for the whole course, programmed tutorials to review all steps of the psychological assessment process, and the use of a web-based virtual forum for the transfer of knowledge, analysis and constructive critiques of the assessment done by themselves and their colleagues

Los procesos constructivos de la arquitectura clásica. De la proyección a la ejecución. El caso del Concilium Provinciae Hispaniae Citeriosi de Tarraco

Toda obra arquitectónica necesita de una proyección previa que implique la definición y justificación de sus formas y proporciones, proyección que, a menudo, viene modificada por la realidad ya existente o, en casos de periodos constructivos largos por cambios de opinión, de finalidad o, incluso de promotor. Es el caso del Concilium Provinciae Hispaniae Citerioris de Tarraco, un gran complejo monumental de más de 12 hectáreas de extensión, que necesitó un periodo de tiempo de construcción de entre 70 a 75 años. Los restos arqueológicos conservados permiten la identificación de dos proyectos arquitectónicos sobrepuestos que implican un profundo cambio de proyecto durante el proceso constructivo.

The efficiency of indicator groups for the conservation of amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

The adequate selection of indicator groups of biodiversity is an important aspect of the systematic conservation planning. However, these assessments differ in the spatial scale, in the methods used and in the groups considered to accomplish this task, which generally produces contradictory results. The quantification of the spatial congruence between species richness and complementarity among different taxonomic groups is a fundamental step to identify potential indicator groups. Using a constructive approach, the main purposes of this study were to evaluate the performance and efficiency of eight potential indicator groups representing amphibian diversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Data on the geographic range of amphibian species that occur in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest was overlapped to the full geographic extent of the biome, which was divided into a regular equal-area grid. Optimization routines based on the concept of complementarily were applied to verify the performance of each indicator group selected in relation to the representativeness of the amphibians in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as a whole, which were solved by the algorithm"simulated annealing", through the use of the software MARXAN. Some indicator groups were substantially more effective than others in regards to the representation of the taxonomic groups assessed, which was confirmed by the high significance of data (F = 312.76; p < 0.01). Leiuperidae was considered as the best indicator group among the families analyzed, as it showed a good performance, representing 71% of amphibian species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (i.e. 290 species), which may be associated with the diffuse geographic distribution of its species. This study promotes understanding of how the diversity standards of amphibians can be informative for systematic conservation planning on a regional scale.

Prediction of the economic cost of individual long-term care in the Spanish population

Pensions together with savings and investments during active life are key elements of retirement planning. Motivation for personal choices about the standard of living, bequest and the replacement ratio of pension with respect to last salary income must be considered. This research contributes to the financial planning by helping to quantify long-term care economic needs. We estimate life expectancy from retirement age onwards. The economic cost of care per unit of service is linked to the expected time of needed care and the intensity of required services. The expected individual cost of long-term care from an onset of dependence is estimated separately for men and women. Assumptions on the mortality of the dependent people compared to the general population are introduced. Parameters defining eligibility for various forms of coverage by the universal public social care of the welfare system are addressed. The impact of the intensity of social services on individual predictions is assessed, and a partial coverage by standard private insurance products is also explored. Data were collected by the Spanish Institute of Statistics in two surveys conducted on the general Spanish population in 1999 and in 2008. Official mortality records and life table trends were used to create realistic scenarios for longevity. We find empirical evidence that the public long-term care system in Spain effectively mitigates the risk of incurring huge lifetime costs. We also find that the most vulnerable categories are citizens with moderate disabilities that do not qualify to obtain public social care support. In the Spanish case, the trends between 1999 and 2008 need to be further explored.

Personal constructs in systemic practice

This paper intends to elaborate the relationship between Kelly's Personal Construct Theory (PCT) and the systemic therapies beyond their notable similarities. Kelly's constructive alternativism is situated in the context of the current constructivist orientation that the family therapy movement seems to be adopting. A model of change is presented based on PCT's experience cycle. From this cycle, the relationship between behaviors and constructions is elaborated incorporating Procter's (52, 53) notions of the Family Construct System (FCS) andposition. This model allows for interventions both at behavioral and construction levels, as well as allowing for a certain technical eclecticism while, at the same time, retaining a strong theoretical coherence. This approach is discussed in the context of the debate about strategizing, power, and control held by authors such as Golann, Hoffman, and Tomm. Finally, some implications for research are outlined.