Evalución con pet/ct 11c-colina de recidivas bioquímicas ocultas de carcinoma de próstata.

Introducció. Material y mètodes. El nostre objectiu és valorar la utilitat del PET/CT 11C-Colina a la recidiva bioquímica oculta del carcinoma de pròstata. Es van estudiar retrospectivament 58 pacients amb aument de PSA posttractament. La interpretació de les imatges fou visual. Resultats: El PET/CT fou positiu en 39 pacients (67%) (PSA mitjà: 11.7). Es van dividir els malats en 4 grups segons el valor del PSA (sensibilitat%): &1ng/ml:50% 1ng/ml -3ng/ml:60% 3ng/ml-5ng/ml:86% & a 5ng/ml:91% . Conclusió: La PET/CT 11C-Colina mostra una alta capacitat de detecció per valors de PSA superiors a 5ng/ml i pot ser útil en valors superiors a 1ng/ml.

Caracterización de las células madre neoplásicas en el cáncer de endometrio

El carcinoma de endometrio (CE) es el tumor maligno más frecuente del tracto genital femenino en países desarrollados. Durante los últimos años, ha ganado firmeza la hipótesis de que el origen de los tumores se encuentra en la transformación de células indiferenciadas multipotenciales denominadas células madre somáticas (CMS) en células madre neoplásicas (CSC). Estudios recientes han observado la existencia de células madre en endometrios murinos y humanos; el presente proyecto pretende identificar, aislar, cultivar y caracterizar las CSC endometriales y estudiar los mecanismos moleculares responsables de su transformación. Nuestros resultados muestran que diferentes lineas celulares de cancer de endometrio expresan factores de célula indiferenciada. Un trabajo más extenso con la línea celular Ishikawa muestra la capacidad de estas células para crecer como esferas, diferenciarse a otros linajes y resistir al tratamiento radioterapéutico. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten pensar que la línea Ishikawa es un buen modelo para el estudio de las CSC endometriales, aunque se necesitaría ampliar el estudio para ser concluyente.

Relación entre la expresión del transforming growth factor-β y la respuesta al tratamiento con radioterapia en pacientes con carcinoma escamoso de cabeza y cuello

En este estudio se determinó los niveles de expresión del gen TGF-β en muestras de 117 pacientes con CECC. El tejido tumoral contó con un nivel de expresión de TGF-β superior al correspondiente a las mucosas sanas. En el grupo de pacientes con unos niveles bajos de expresión del TGF-β (n=16, 13.7%) contaron con un control local de la enfermedad del 100%, y en el grupo de pacientes con unos niveles superiores al punto de corte (n=101, 86.3%), un 36.6% de los pacientes contaron con una recidiva del tumor a nivel local después de realizado el tratamiento con radioterapia o quimio-radioterapia.

Estudio epidemiológico de carcinoma escamoso de piel en el área de Barcelonés Nord.

El carcinoma escamós de pell representa una de les neoplàsies més freqüents de la raça blanca. En aquest treball es pretén estimar la seva incidència acumulada a l'àrea del Barcelonès Nord. Altres objectius són conèixer la distribució per edat i sexe d'aquesta neoplàsia i la freqüència d'afectació de diferents àrees corporals. Mitjançant una revisió retrospectiva del registre hospitalari d'anatomia patològica de l'Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol es van recollir tots els casos incidents de carcinoma escamós de pell diagnosticats en el Barcelonès Nord durant un període de 12 mesos. La taxa d'incidència estandarditzada per a la població mundial ha estat de 17,9 / 100.000 habitants-any. Així mateix, es va trobar una afectació major del sexe masculí i de les àrees corporals exposades als raigs ultraviolats.

Eficacia de la combinación de Vinorelbine- Trastuzumab en carcinoma de mama metastásico con sobreexpresión de HER2, previamente tratado con Trastuzumab

L'addició de Trastuzumab a quimioteràpia basada en taxans millora la supervivència de les pacients amb carcinoma de mama metastàtic i sobreexpressió de HER2. En el nostre estudi, analitzem l'eficàcia de Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab a la progressió a Trastuzumab. De les 46 pacients analitzades, 26 van realitzar Trastuzumab previ al tractament amb Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab, obtenint un temps lliure de progressió de 6.5 mesos, benefici clínic del 48% i respostes del 27%, similar al descrit pels tractaments aprovats, Capecitabina-Lapatinib i Capecitabina-Trastuzumab. CONCLUSIÓ: Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab en pacients prèviament tractades amb Trastuzumab manté una significativa activitat en càncer de mama metastàtic en progressió a Trastuzumab.

Changes of the mucosal N3 and N6 fatty acid status occur early in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence

Despite data favouring a role of dietary fat in colonic carcinogenesis, no study has focused on tissue n3 and n6 fatty acid (FA) status in human colon adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Thus, FA profile was measured in plasma phospholipids of patients with colorectal cancer (n = 22), sporadic adenoma (n = 27), and normal colon (n = 12) (control group). Additionally, mucosal FAs were assessed in both diseased and normal mucosa of cancer (n = 15) and adenoma (n = 21) patients, and from normal mucosa of controls (n = 8). There were no differences in FA profile of both plasma phospholipids and normal mucosa, between adenoma and control patients. There were considerable differences, however, in FAs between diseased and paired normal mucosa of adenoma patients, with increases of linoleic (p = 0.02), dihomogammalinolenic (p = 0.014), and eicosapentaenoic (p = 0.012) acids, and decreases of alpha linolenic (p = 0.001) and arachidonic (p = 0.02) acids in diseased mucosa. A stepwise reduction of eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in diseased mucosa from benign adenoma to the most advanced colon cancer was seen (p = 0.009). Cancer patients showed lower alpha linolenate (p = 0.002) and higher dihomogammalinolenate (p = 0.003) in diseased than in paired normal mucosa. In conclusion changes in tissue n3 and n6 FA status might participate in the early phases of the human colorectal carcinogenesis.

A pioneering epidemiological study investigating the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue in a Portuguese population

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anterior two thirds of the tongue in a population living in central and southern Portugal, all treated at Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG). Study Design: This study was a retrospective review of all patients who had a histopathological diagnosis of SCC of the anterior two thirds of the tongue and had been treated in the Head and Neck Surgery Unit at the IPOLFG (Lisbon, Portugal), between 1st January 2001 and 31st December 2009. The risk factors evaluated were: gender; age; alcohol consumption; tobacco use; prosthesis use and the carcinoma site. Results: Of the 424 cases analysed, 71% were men. Mean age of occurrence was in 5th decade for males and the 6th decade for females, and the border of the tongue was the most common location. Alcohol consumption and tobacco had a lower impact in women, being the most common aetiological factors in the male population. No significant association was observed between patients and the use of a prosthesis. Conclusions: In spite of the consumption of aohol and tobacco starting to decline in certain parts of the world, our findings showed both factors still have a significant impact in male population. Further research should be done to determine aetiological factors in females.

La prótesis bucal como causante del carcinoma espinocelular oral

La aparición de cáncer bucal está vinculada a múltiples factores de riesgo. En este artículo queremos exponer como uno de ellos la úlcera crónica producida por las prótesis dentales removibles o fijas.

Relationship between squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two thirds of the tongue and removable denture use - a pioneer study in a Portuguese

The aim of the study was to determine whether there is any relationship between the presence of removable dentures and squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two thirds of the tongue in a Portuguese population. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, who were seen and treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology 'Francisco Gentil', Lisbon, Portugal, during a 3-year period. Several factors were examined: gender, use of removable dentures, age, location of the lesion, and alcohol and tobacco consumption. One hundred and six cases were selected from the initial 151 cases, with a male:female ratio of 3:1 and the lateral borders being the most commonly affected site. The prevalence in both genders was between the sixth and seventh decade of life. Men were more likely to consume alcohol and tobacco than women, and no relationship was observed between denture use and presence of carcinoma of the tongue. In light of the data obtained, it may be considered that female use of a denture plays an important role, but it cannot be identified as a remarkable etiologic factor.

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC): alcohol and tobacco consumption versus non-consumption. A study in a Portuguese population

There has been an increase in the incidence of carcinoma of the tongue, particularly among alcohol and tobacco non-users. However, the number of studies that would allow a better understanding of etiological factors and clinical features, particularly in the Portuguese population, is very limited. This study was based on patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two thirds of the tongue that were treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of the ¿Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa - Francisco Gentil" IPOLFG) in Lisbon, Portugal, between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2009. The patients were divided in alcohol and tobacco users and non-users in order to evaluate the differences between these 2 groups based on gender, age, tumor location, denture use, and tumor size, metastasis and stage. Of the 354 cases, 208 were users and 146 were non-users. The main location in both groups was the lateral border of the tongue. Denture use showed no significant effect in both study groups. It was possible to conclude that patients who did not drink or smoke were older and presented with smaller tumor size, lower incidence of ganglion metastasis and lower tumor stage compared with alcohol and tobacco users.

Osteolytic metastasis detected by F18-FDG PET in a patient with lung carcinoma

We present a 53-year-old man with a vocal cord paralysis observed as a primary manifestation of lung carcinoma. Tc-99m MDP whole body bone scan were performed and resulted a normal scintiscan. The bone scan does not revealed suspicious foci of uptake. The possibility of bone metastasis was taken into consideration. A whole body F18-FDG-PET scan showed intense uptake in the left upper lung corresponding to the primary tumor. A bronchial biopsy confirmed infiltration by small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC). SCLC is composed of poorly differentiated, rapidly growing cells with disease usually occurring centrally rather than peripherally. It metastasizes early. The whole-body F18-FDG-PET scan clearly demonstrated a focus of increased uptake in the second lumbar vertebral body suspicious for osteolytic metastasis. A lytic bone metastasis was confirmed by MRI. The patient then received therapy and underwent follow up abdominal CT. The scan showed blastic changes in the L2 vertebra suggesting response to treatment.

Eficacia en los productos cosméticos: un enfoque celular

La regulación europea que define el desarrollo y comercialización de los productos cosméticos hace un énfasis especial en la necesidad de demostrar la efectividad de los productos cosméticos, en un entorno en el que, debido a la prohibición de uso de modelos experimentales animales, sólo es posible el estudio en modelos alternativos (in silico, in vitro, en cultivo, etc.) o en voluntarios sanos. Dentro de los métodos alternativos, la utilización de los modelos celulares adquiere cada vez más importancia por los grandes avances que se producen en la comprensión de los complejos procesos moleculares que regulan y controlan el devenir de la célula, individualmente y dentro de los tejidos.

Patient with hepatocellular carcinoma related to prior acute arsenic intoxication and occult HBV: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic results after 14 years of follow-up

Little is known about the long-term survivors of acute arsenic intoxication. We present here a clinical case report of a man with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who developed hepatocellular carcinoma four years after acute arsenic poisoning. HBsAg was detected in serum in 1990 when he voluntarily donated blood. In 1991, the patient suffered from severe psychological depression that led him to attempt suicide by massive ingestion of an arsenic-containing rodenticide. He survived with polyneuropathy and paralysis of the lower limbs, and has been wheelchair-bound since then. During participation in a follow-up study conducted among HBV carriers, abdominal ultrasound detected a two-centimeter liver mass consistent with hepatocellular carcinoma. The tumor was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI). Because of his significant comorbidity, the patient received palliative treatment with transarterial lipiodol chemoembolization (TACE) on three occasions (1996, 1997 and 1999). At his most recent visit in May 2005, the patient was asymptomatic, liver enzymes were normal and the tumor was in remission on ultrasound.