Estudio Farmacogenético En Pacientes Con Carcinoma Rectal Tratados Con Quimorradioterapia Neoadyuvante Basada En Capecitabina

Estudio de los polimorfismos del gen de la timidilato sintasa y los genes reparadores del ADN ERCC1 y XRCC1 y su relación con la rdespuesta al tratamiento neoadyvante con qumiorradioterapia basada en capecitabin, en pacientes afecto de carcinoma colorrectal de localmente avanzado.

Alteraciones posturográficas en fases agudas del latigazo cervical.

L’objectiu del treball és evidenciar l’existència d’alteracions posturogràfiques en la primera fase posterior a l’accident. Es realitzà un estudi prospectiu a 14 pacients utilitzant una plataforma dinamomètrica fixa. Predominà el sexe femení (79.9%) amb edat mitja de 29 anys. La mitjana del temps fins realitzar la valoració fou de 14 hores. Obtenim un patró de disfunció somatosensorial en 7 pacients (50%), 2 presentaren disfunció vestibular i 5 patró normal o compensat. La prova Romberg d’ulls tancats s’observaren les majors diferències. Conclusions : La postugrafia permet trobar diferències objectivables del control postural respecte la població normal.

Factors pronòstics en pacients amb carcinoma de bufeta localment avançat tractats amb quimioteràpia neoadjuvant

Introducció En pacients amb carcinoma de bufeta localment avançat, la quimioteràpia neoadjuvant ha demostrat un benefici modest a la supervivència. No obstant això encara no s'ha identificat el subgrup de pacients que obtindria un major benefici Objectius Determinar la supervivència en pacients i analitzar els factors pronòstic. Material i mètodes Es van analitzar retrospectivament 112 pacients. Es correlacionar els factors clínics i patològics amb la supervivencia. Resultats La supervivència global a 5 anys va ser de 45%. La hidronefrosi,l'estadi clínic, la resecció quirúrgica completa, l'afectació ganglionar limfàtica, ganglis ressecats& 7, l'estadi patològic i la invasió limfovascular van ser significatius en l'anàlisi univariada. Conclusions L'estadi patològic i la resecció de més de 7 ganglis limfàtics apareixen com a factors pronòstics independents de supervivencia.

Evalución con pet/ct 11c-colina de recidivas bioquímicas ocultas de carcinoma de próstata.

Introducció. Material y mètodes. El nostre objectiu és valorar la utilitat del PET/CT 11C-Colina a la recidiva bioquímica oculta del carcinoma de pròstata. Es van estudiar retrospectivament 58 pacients amb aument de PSA posttractament. La interpretació de les imatges fou visual. Resultats: El PET/CT fou positiu en 39 pacients (67%) (PSA mitjà: 11.7). Es van dividir els malats en 4 grups segons el valor del PSA (sensibilitat%): &1ng/ml:50% 1ng/ml -3ng/ml:60% 3ng/ml-5ng/ml:86% & a 5ng/ml:91% . Conclusió: La PET/CT 11C-Colina mostra una alta capacitat de detecció per valors de PSA superiors a 5ng/ml i pot ser útil en valors superiors a 1ng/ml.

Columna cervical traumática: Hallazgos en tomografía computarizada multidetector

Se realiza una reseña histórica de la tomografía computarizada desde su inicio hasta la actualidad, así mismo una exhaustiva revisión de la anatomía, fisiología y patología traumática más frecuente de la columna cervical para finalmente presentar los datos estadísticos de la revisión realizada de las historias clínicas de los pacientes que ingresaron a nuestra institución con sospecha clínica de traumatismo de columna cervical y a quienes les fue realizada una tomografía computarizada multidetector, explicando los hallazgos radiológicos más frecuentes y su relación con los datos estadísticos tales como edad, género, mecanismo de la lesión y tipo de lesión cervical.

Relación entre la expresión del transforming growth factor-β y la respuesta al tratamiento con radioterapia en pacientes con carcinoma escamoso de cabeza y cuello

En este estudio se determinó los niveles de expresión del gen TGF-β en muestras de 117 pacientes con CECC. El tejido tumoral contó con un nivel de expresión de TGF-β superior al correspondiente a las mucosas sanas. En el grupo de pacientes con unos niveles bajos de expresión del TGF-β (n=16, 13.7%) contaron con un control local de la enfermedad del 100%, y en el grupo de pacientes con unos niveles superiores al punto de corte (n=101, 86.3%), un 36.6% de los pacientes contaron con una recidiva del tumor a nivel local después de realizado el tratamiento con radioterapia o quimio-radioterapia.

Estudio epidemiológico de carcinoma escamoso de piel en el área de Barcelonés Nord.

El carcinoma escamós de pell representa una de les neoplàsies més freqüents de la raça blanca. En aquest treball es pretén estimar la seva incidència acumulada a l'àrea del Barcelonès Nord. Altres objectius són conèixer la distribució per edat i sexe d'aquesta neoplàsia i la freqüència d'afectació de diferents àrees corporals. Mitjançant una revisió retrospectiva del registre hospitalari d'anatomia patològica de l'Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol es van recollir tots els casos incidents de carcinoma escamós de pell diagnosticats en el Barcelonès Nord durant un període de 12 mesos. La taxa d'incidència estandarditzada per a la població mundial ha estat de 17,9 / 100.000 habitants-any. Així mateix, es va trobar una afectació major del sexe masculí i de les àrees corporals exposades als raigs ultraviolats.

Eficacia de la combinación de Vinorelbine- Trastuzumab en carcinoma de mama metastásico con sobreexpresión de HER2, previamente tratado con Trastuzumab

L'addició de Trastuzumab a quimioteràpia basada en taxans millora la supervivència de les pacients amb carcinoma de mama metastàtic i sobreexpressió de HER2. En el nostre estudi, analitzem l'eficàcia de Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab a la progressió a Trastuzumab. De les 46 pacients analitzades, 26 van realitzar Trastuzumab previ al tractament amb Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab, obtenint un temps lliure de progressió de 6.5 mesos, benefici clínic del 48% i respostes del 27%, similar al descrit pels tractaments aprovats, Capecitabina-Lapatinib i Capecitabina-Trastuzumab. CONCLUSIÓ: Vinorelbine-Trastuzumab en pacients prèviament tractades amb Trastuzumab manté una significativa activitat en càncer de mama metastàtic en progressió a Trastuzumab.

Cervical cancer: incidence and survival in migrants within Spain

This study examined the incidence of cervical cancer and survival rates according to migrant experience of women from different regions of Spain to Girona, Catalonia (Spain). DESIGN--Using data from the population based cancer registry of Girona for the period 1980-89, crude and age adjusted incidence rates were calculated for local-born and first generation migrants from other Spanish regions. The age standardised rate ratio (SRR) was calculated and Cox's regression model was used to adjust survival according to migrant status for age and stage at diagnosis. MAIN RESULTS--The incidence of cervical cancer was significantly higher in first generation Spanish migrants compared with locally born women (SRR: 2.02; 95% CI 1.40:2.92). The stage at diagnosis was more advanced among migrants. Survival probability was significantly associated with stage at diagnosis, but age and region of birth were not. CONCLUSIONS--Migrants from the southern Spanish regions show a twofold excess in the incidence of cervical cancer compared with the Girona-born female population. Cases of cervical cancer in migrants are diagnosed at a more advanced stage and as a consequence have a poorer prognosis.

Changes of the mucosal N3 and N6 fatty acid status occur early in the colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence

Despite data favouring a role of dietary fat in colonic carcinogenesis, no study has focused on tissue n3 and n6 fatty acid (FA) status in human colon adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Thus, FA profile was measured in plasma phospholipids of patients with colorectal cancer (n = 22), sporadic adenoma (n = 27), and normal colon (n = 12) (control group). Additionally, mucosal FAs were assessed in both diseased and normal mucosa of cancer (n = 15) and adenoma (n = 21) patients, and from normal mucosa of controls (n = 8). There were no differences in FA profile of both plasma phospholipids and normal mucosa, between adenoma and control patients. There were considerable differences, however, in FAs between diseased and paired normal mucosa of adenoma patients, with increases of linoleic (p = 0.02), dihomogammalinolenic (p = 0.014), and eicosapentaenoic (p = 0.012) acids, and decreases of alpha linolenic (p = 0.001) and arachidonic (p = 0.02) acids in diseased mucosa. A stepwise reduction of eicosapentaenoic acid concentrations in diseased mucosa from benign adenoma to the most advanced colon cancer was seen (p = 0.009). Cancer patients showed lower alpha linolenate (p = 0.002) and higher dihomogammalinolenate (p = 0.003) in diseased than in paired normal mucosa. In conclusion changes in tissue n3 and n6 FA status might participate in the early phases of the human colorectal carcinogenesis.

A pioneering epidemiological study investigating the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue in a Portuguese population

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anterior two thirds of the tongue in a population living in central and southern Portugal, all treated at Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa, Francisco Gentil (IPOLFG). Study Design: This study was a retrospective review of all patients who had a histopathological diagnosis of SCC of the anterior two thirds of the tongue and had been treated in the Head and Neck Surgery Unit at the IPOLFG (Lisbon, Portugal), between 1st January 2001 and 31st December 2009. The risk factors evaluated were: gender; age; alcohol consumption; tobacco use; prosthesis use and the carcinoma site. Results: Of the 424 cases analysed, 71% were men. Mean age of occurrence was in 5th decade for males and the 6th decade for females, and the border of the tongue was the most common location. Alcohol consumption and tobacco had a lower impact in women, being the most common aetiological factors in the male population. No significant association was observed between patients and the use of a prosthesis. Conclusions: In spite of the consumption of aohol and tobacco starting to decline in certain parts of the world, our findings showed both factors still have a significant impact in male population. Further research should be done to determine aetiological factors in females.

La prótesis bucal como causante del carcinoma espinocelular oral

La aparición de cáncer bucal está vinculada a múltiples factores de riesgo. En este artículo queremos exponer como uno de ellos la úlcera crónica producida por las prótesis dentales removibles o fijas.

Relationship between squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two thirds of the tongue and removable denture use - a pioneer study in a Portuguese

The aim of the study was to determine whether there is any relationship between the presence of removable dentures and squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two thirds of the tongue in a Portuguese population. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with a biopsy-proven diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, who were seen and treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of the Portuguese Institute of Oncology 'Francisco Gentil', Lisbon, Portugal, during a 3-year period. Several factors were examined: gender, use of removable dentures, age, location of the lesion, and alcohol and tobacco consumption. One hundred and six cases were selected from the initial 151 cases, with a male:female ratio of 3:1 and the lateral borders being the most commonly affected site. The prevalence in both genders was between the sixth and seventh decade of life. Men were more likely to consume alcohol and tobacco than women, and no relationship was observed between denture use and presence of carcinoma of the tongue. In light of the data obtained, it may be considered that female use of a denture plays an important role, but it cannot be identified as a remarkable etiologic factor.

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC): alcohol and tobacco consumption versus non-consumption. A study in a Portuguese population

There has been an increase in the incidence of carcinoma of the tongue, particularly among alcohol and tobacco non-users. However, the number of studies that would allow a better understanding of etiological factors and clinical features, particularly in the Portuguese population, is very limited. This study was based on patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anterior two thirds of the tongue that were treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of the ¿Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Lisboa - Francisco Gentil" IPOLFG) in Lisbon, Portugal, between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2009. The patients were divided in alcohol and tobacco users and non-users in order to evaluate the differences between these 2 groups based on gender, age, tumor location, denture use, and tumor size, metastasis and stage. Of the 354 cases, 208 were users and 146 were non-users. The main location in both groups was the lateral border of the tongue. Denture use showed no significant effect in both study groups. It was possible to conclude that patients who did not drink or smoke were older and presented with smaller tumor size, lower incidence of ganglion metastasis and lower tumor stage compared with alcohol and tobacco users.