Locations and Relocations:Modelling, Determinants, and Interrelations

Empirical studies on industrial location do not typically distinguish between new and relocated establishments. This paper addresses this shortcoming using data on the frequency of these events in municipalities of the same economic-administrative region. This enables us to test not only for differences in their determinants but also for interrelations between start-ups and relocations. Estimates from count regression models for cross-section and panel data show that, although partial effects differ, common patterns arise in “institutional” and “neoclassical” explanatory factors. Also, start-ups and relocations are positive but asymmetrically related. JEL classification: C25, R30, R10. Keywords: cities, count data models, industrial location

Economic impact of alternative policy measures implemented on the energy activities of the Catalan production system: an input-output analysis

The aim of the paper is to analyse the economic impact of alternative policies implemented on the energy activities of the Catalan production system. Specifically, we analyse the effects of a tax on intermediate energy uses, a reduction in the final production of energy, and a reduction in intermediate energy uses. The methodology involves two versions of the input-output price model: a competitive price formulation and a mark-up price formulation. The input-output price framework will make it possible to evaluate how the alternative measures modify production prices, consumption prices, private welfare, and intermediate energy uses. The empirical application is for the Catalan economy and uses economic data for the year 2001.

Empirical studies in industrial location: an assessment of their methods and results

This paper surveys recent evidence on the determinants of (national and/or foreign) industrial location. We find that the basic analytical framework has remained essentially unaltered since the early contributions of the early 1980's while, in contrast, there have been significant advances in the quality of the data and, to a lesser extent, the econometric modelling. We also identify certain determinants (neoclassical and institutional factors) that tend to provide largely consistent results across the reviewed studies. In light of this evidence, we finally suggest future lines of research.

Economic impact of a new museum on the local economy: "The Gaudí Centre"

In this paper we analyse the economic impact of a new museum (the Gaudí Centre) on the local economy of Reus, a city in the province of Tarragona (southern Catalonia). We use a Keynesian income multiplier model to evaluate the effects of this new cultural venue on local income. In our calculation of the economic impact we distinguish between two phases: the construction phase and the exploitation phase. Our results show the important income impact of this cultural investment on the local economy.

Anàlisi del metabolisme lipídic de saccharomyces cerevisiae en fermentacions a baixes temperatures

El objetivo de este trabajo se centró en mejorar el comienzo de las fermentaciones a bajas temperaturas (13ºC ) por parte de Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Generalmente las bajas temperaturas ocasionan largas fases de latencia, fermentaciones lentas e incluso paradas. Primeramente se evaluaron las consecuencias de la conservación en condiciones inadecuadas de la levadura seca activa; analizando las alteraciones de los lípidos de la membrana y la repepercusión sobre la viabilidad i vitalidad. La fluidez de la membrana se determinó por ansinotropía y también se estudió la composición lipídica. En análisis estadísticos se vió una correlación alta y positiva entre ácidos grasos insaturados y la vitalidad de las levaduras a 13ºC por lo que se decidió utilizar la adición de diferentes ácidos grasos en precultivos. Seguidamente se determinó la viabilidad, capacidad fermentativa a 13ºC y la composición lipídica. Posteriormente se trabajó con la mejora de la tolerancia al estrés por bajas temperaturas seleccionando entre diferentes cepas vínicas comerciales del género Saccharoyces la especie con mejor capacidad fermentativa a 13ºC. Se estudiaron los efectos de un precultivo a bajas temperaturas comparándolo con una temperatura control sobre diferentes parámetros cinéticos y correlacionando con la composición lipídica. Finalmente, se estudió la mejora por deleción de genes del metabolismo de los fosfolípidos. La supresión de determinados genes tiene resultados favorables o desfavorables sobre la vitalidad de las células a 25ºC y a 13ºC. Se determinaron los tiempos de generación y se realizaron goteos sobre medio sólido. Por último se analizó el efecto de la supresión de los genes sobre la síntesis de las diferentes familias de fosfolípidos.

Maria Aurèlia Capmany i l’existencialisme

S’hi tracten els vincles entre l’obra de Maria Aurèlia Capmany i les tesis formulades per l’existencialisme, sobretot l’existencialisme francès, perquè és el que més la influeix; per adonar-nos que tot al llarg de la producció capmaniana, d’una manera o altra, aquests vincles es manifesten. El compromís i la responsabilitat existencialistes, planaran per les obres capmanianes, com a fórmula per fugir del caos propi del moment en què viu l’autora: la postguerra, el franquisme… Capmany hi trobarà la fórmula per mantenir l’esperança i pensar en un futur millor, tant individualment com en el cas del feminisme i de la causa nacional.

(Optimal) Spatial Aggregation in the Determinants of Industrial Location

Empirical studies on the determinants of industrial location typically use variables measured at the available administrative level (municipalities, counties, etc.). However, this amounts to assuming that the effects these determinants may have on the location process do not extent beyond the geographical limits of the selected site. We address the validity of this assumption by comparing results from standard count data models with those obtained by calculating the geographical scope of the spatially varying explanatory variables using a wide range of distances and alternative spatial autocorrelation measures. Our results reject the usual practice of using administrative records as covariates without making some kind of spatial correction. Keywords: industrial location, count data models, spatial statistics JEL classification: C25, C52, R11, R30

The Analysis of Accounting Multipliers: The NAMEA Approach in the Case of Catalonia

The aim of this paper is the analysis of the Catalan economy (2001) with the use of a National Accounting Matrix with environmental accounts (NAMEA) for the Catalan economy with 2001 data. We will focus on the analysis of the emission multipliers and we will also analyse the impact of a 10% reduction in greenhouse emissions on emission multipliers. This emission-reduction percentage would bring the Catalan economy into compliance with the maximum emissions level allowed by the Kyoto Protocol. We consider three possible scenarios that would allow this goal to be met. First, we will simulate a 10% reduction in regional emissions and a 5% drop in the endogenous income of the multipliers' model (production, factorial and private income). Second, we will simulate a 10% reduction in emissions and a 10% increase in endogenous income. Finally, we will simulate a 10% reduction in emissions and a 5% increase in endogenous income. Additionally, we will analyse the decomposition of the emission multipliers into own effects, open effects and circular effects to capture the different channels of the emission generation process. Keywords: NAMEA, emission multipliers, Kyoto Protocol.

La Clínica jurídica ambiental

La Clínica Jurídica Ambiental (CJA) és una experiència de mètode clínic en l’àmbit del Dret Ambiental, iniciada el curs acadèmic 2005-2006. Formalment, la CJA s’integra en el Centre d’Estudis de Dret Ambiental de Tarragona (CEDAT) de la Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), i des del punt de vista de l’organització curricular, constitueix una matèria obligatòria del Màster en Dret Ambiental de la Facultat de Ciències Jurídiques de la URV. Així mateix, cada curs s’ofereixen algunes places per estudiants de la llicenciatura de Dret, que passen a treballar a la CJA formant equip amb els alumnes de Màster.

La correspondencia entre Robert Moray y Christiaan Huygens (1661-1669): encuentros y desencuentros en la promoción del conocimiento

Sir Robert Moray (1608/9-1673) fue un soldado, cortesano y "hombre de ciencia" escocés, que estuvo en el exilio durante el período de Oliver Cromwell. Poco después de su regreso a Inglaterra en 1660 y gracias en gran medida a su amistad con Carlos II, aparece vinculado al grupo que formará la Royal Society de Londres y será nombrado el primer presidente de la institución durante los primeros meses. Moray ha sido reconocido como una figura imprescindible para entender la consolidación de la Royal Society. Establece, además, una correspondencia muy importante con Christiaan Huygens, en donde aparecen tratados temas de gran relevancia en la década de 1660, tales como la determinación de la longitud en el mar mediante el uso del reloj de péndulo y la construcción y experimentación con la máquina neumática (emblema del proyecto experimental de Robert Boyle). En esta correspondencia aparecen reflejadas, así mismo, las tensiones sobre los problemas de prioridad en diferentes áreas de conocimiento. Una de estas agrias polémicas es la que enfrenta a James Gregory y a Huygens, que acabará con la relación epistolar entre Moray y el sabio holandés.

Spatial distribution of economic activities: an empirical approach usingself-organizing maps

The aim of this paper is to analyse the colocation patterns of industries and firms. We study the spatial distribution of firms from different industries at a microgeographic level and from this identify the main reasons for this locational behaviour. The empirical application uses data from Mercantile Registers of Spanish firms (manufacturers and services). Inter-sectorial linkages are shown using self-organizing maps. Key words: clusters, microgeographic data, self-organizing maps, firm location JEL classification: R10, R12, R34

On the effect of the geographical scope of agglomeration economies on firm location

This article analyses how agglomeration economies shaped the location decisions of new manufacturing start-ups in Catalan municipalities in 2001-2005. We estimate whether the locations of new firms are spatially autocorrelated and whether this phenomenon is industry-specific. Our aim is to estimate the geographical scope of agglomeration economies on firm entries. The data set comes from a compulsory register of manufacturing establishments (REIC: Catalan Manufacturing Establishments Register). JEL classification: R1, R3 Keywords: firm location; spatial autocorrelation

Structural decomposition analysis and input-output subsystems: An application to Spanish CO2 emissions

Analysis of gas emissions by the input-output subsystem approach provides detailed insight into pollution generation in an economy. Structural decomposition analysis, on the other hand, identifies the factors behind the changes in key variables over time. Extending the input-output subsystem model to account for the changes in these variables reveals the channels by which environmental burdens are caused and transmitted throughout the production system. In this paper we propose a decomposition of the changes in the components of CO2 emissions captured by an input-output subsystems representation. The empirical application is for the Spanish service sector, and the economic and environmental data are for years 1990 and 2000. Our results show that services increased their CO2 emissions mainly because of a rise in emissions generated by non-services to cover the final demand for services. In all service activities, the decomposed effects show an increase in CO2 emissions due to a decrease in emission coefficients (i.e., emissions per unit of output) compensated by an increase in emissions caused both by the input-output coefficients and the rise in demand for services. Finally, large asymmetries exist not only in the quantitative changes in the CO2 emissions of the various services but also in the decomposed effects of these changes. Keywords: structural decomposition analysis, input-output subsystems, CO2 emissions, service sector.

Linear Aggregation In The Social Accounting Matrix Framework

In economic literature, information deficiencies and computational complexities have traditionally been solved through the aggregation of agents and institutions. In inputoutput modelling, researchers have been interested in the aggregation problem since the beginning of 1950s. Extending the conventional input-output aggregation approach to the social accounting matrix (SAM) models may help to identify the effects caused by the information problems and data deficiencies that usually appear in the SAM framework. This paper develops the theory of aggregation and applies it to the social accounting matrix model of multipliers. First, we define the concept of linear aggregation in a SAM database context. Second, we define the aggregated partitioned matrices of multipliers which are characteristic of the SAM approach. Third, we extend the analysis to other related concepts, such as aggregation bias and consistency in aggregation. Finally, we provide an illustrative example that shows the effects of aggregating a social accounting matrix model.