465 resultados para Aigua -- Abastament -- Termens


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S’ha dissenyat i dimensionat la xarxa d’aigua potable amb els seus elements i components d’un dels barris més nous del municipi de Taradell de la comarca d’Osona

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El presente trabajo se centra en el análisis del ciclo del Agua en la finca de Can Valldaura, en el municipio de Cerdanyola, dentro del Parc de Collserola. El IAAC (Instituto de Arquitectura Avanzada de Cataluña), organismo gestor, pretende estudiar e investigar sobre el término de la autosuficiencia, volviendo a dinamizar entre otros aspectos las funciones agrícolas y ganaderas de la finca. El objetivo principal de este estudio es hacer propuestas en la gestión del agua bajo los principios de la Permacultura en la finca de Can Valldaura, queriendo analizar si es posible alcanzar la autosuficiencia a nivel hídrico realizando el proyecto silvoagroforestal planeado por el IAAC. Una vez calculadas las necesidades hídricas del proyecto de Can Valldaura, y analizadas las entradas y salidas hídricas del sistema, los resultados muestran que las infraestructuras actuales son insuficientes para llevar a cabo el proyecto silvoagroforestal si la autosuficiencia es un objetivo prioritario. En este sentido se proponen distintas medidas de gestión: la restauración del antiguo sistema de drenaje, la construcción de una nueva balsa, y el aprovechamiento de las aguas recogidas por los caminos. Además se proponen sistemas de cultivo que mejorarían la estructura del suelo aumentando la infiltración del agua de la lluvia y su retención. Los datos analizados indican que con las medias de gestión y sistemas de cultivo propuestos el proyecto silvoagroforestal podría llevarse a cabo de forma autosufiente.

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L’objectiu del projecte és dissenyar, descriure i calcular les obres bàsiques d’instal•lacions necessàries per poder efectuar una urbanització d’una zona residencial de 30 hectàrees situada al terme municipal de Bescanó, la qual en l’actualitat no disposa del serveis bàsics

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The number of private gardens has increased in recent years, creating a more pleasant urban model, but not without having an environmental impact, including increased energy consumption, which is the focus of this study. The estimation of costs and energy consumption for the generic typology of private urban gardens is based on two simplifying assumptions: square geometry with surface areas from 25 to 500 m2 and hydraulic design with a single pipe. In total, eight sprinkler models have been considered, along with their possible working pressures, and 31 pumping units grouped into 5 series that adequately cover the range of required flow rates and pressures, resultin in 495 hydraulic designs repeated for two climatically different locations in the Spanish Mediterranean area (Girona and Elche). Mean total irrigation costs for the locality with lower water needs (Girona) and greater needs (Elche) were € 2,974 ha-¹ yr-¹ and € 3,383 ha-¹ yr-¹, respectively. Energy costs accounted for 11.4% of the total cost for the first location, and 23.0% for the second. While a suitable choice of the hydraulic elements of the setup is essential, as it may provide average energy savings of 77%, due to the low energy cost in relation to the cost of installation, the potential energy savings do not constitute a significant incentive for the irrigation system design. The low efficiency of the pumping units used in this type of garden is the biggest obstacle and constraint to achieving a high quality energy solution

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Water tanks offer from many centuries ago solutions in South India for several problems related with water scarcity. They are a traditional water harvesting system wide spread in this territory, allowing a potential decentralized and participatory management of the local population on their own resources. Although water tanks¿ main function is irrigation, they have many other uses, functions and natural resources associated, involving stakeholders in the villages apart from those farmers making use of the irrigation. Water tanks provide a variety of landscapes and biodiversity that creates a valuable heterogeneous territory. The complexity of such an ecosystem should be managed with an integral perspective, considering all the elements involved and their relations, and understanding that water tanks are not just water deposits. This multidisciplinary study tries to demonstrate the idea of water tanks as ecosystems, describing and analyzing deeply and in an unprecedentedly way the functions, uses, natural resources and stakeholders. The research also focuses in the assessment of the ecosystemic perception of the local population of some villages in Tamil Nadu, employing diverse anthropological methodology.

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L’Escola d’Emergències Prevenció i Seguretat de Catalunya S.L. és un centre de formació especialitzat en la lluita contra el foc. Donat la seva necessitat d’expansió, en aquest estudi s’ha projectat una instal•lació contra incendis en l’exterior suficient per poder garantir tant les condicions mínimes legals que recull la norma UNE 23500:2012 sobre sistemes d’abastament d’aigua contra incendis i tota la resta de normes i certificacions de que han de disposar els diversos components d’aquesta xarxa, com els requeriments que ha cregut adequat el client en funció de la seva activitat empresarial i les necessitats que com a usuari de la instal•lació creu oportunes

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Among the traits of breeding interest for the common walnut tree Juglans regia L., characteristics such as timing of budbreak and leaf fall, water-use efficiency and growth performance are regarded as being of utmost relevance in Mediterranean conditions. The authors evaluated intraspecific variation in $\delta$13C (carbon isotope composition, surrogate of intrinsic water-use efficiency, WUE$_{\rm i}$) for 22 J. regia families grown in a progeny test under supplementary irrigation, and investigated whether such variation correlated with climatic indicators of native habitats. The genetic relationships between $\delta$13C, growth and phenology were also assessed during two consecutive years. Overall, the most water-use-efficient families (i.e. with higher $\delta$13C), which originated mainly from drought-prone provenance regions which have a high vapour pressure deficit and low rainfall, exhibited less height growth and smaller DBH. Using a stepwise regression procedure, $\delta$13C was included as the main explanatory variable of genotypic variation in growth traits, together with growing season duration (for DBH in both years) and flushing (for height in 2007). It was concluded that WUE$_{\rm i}$ is largely unconnected to phenology effects in the explanation of growth performance for J. regia, therefore suggesting the opportunity of simultaneously selecting for low WUE$_{\rm i}$ and extended growing period to maximise productivity in non-water-limited environments.

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Pocs saben que el canal Segarra-Garrigues i les obres de transformació en regadiu que l’acompanyen representen avui dia la segona inversió pública més important de Catalunya. Malgrat l’enorme inversió que s’està fent, aquesta obra, que ha d’abastar unes 70.000 ha a les comarques de Lleida, ha estat concebuda a imatge de les grans obres hidràuliques del segle xix i xx, i planteja molts dubtes sobre la incidència econòmica real que tindrà. Des del mateix territori, l’anomenat Manifest de Vallbona posa sobre la taula des del 2004 un nou tipus de canal que respongui a les necessitats reals de desenvolupament del territori i a les sensibilitats de la nova cultura de l’aigua.

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Varios estudios al nivel regional y mundial han puesto de manifiesto que la contribución de las áreas de montaña a la generación de escorrentía es notablemente superior a la proporción de superficie que ocupan. En este artículo se presenta un estudio en el que se confirmó la relevancia hídrica de las regiones de montaña para los afluentes del río Ebro.

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En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una serie de indicacores de la gestión del agua en área regada por los canales del Urgell (Lleida), en el ámbito de la cuenca del río Corb de 36350 ha. De la recopilación de 33 evaluaciones de riego al nivel de parcela se observa que en los suelos asentados sobre gravas se da una muy baja eficiencia de aplicación (EA), del 32% de media, mientras que en los suelos sobre lutitas es del 80% de media; pudiéndose dar como cifra promedio de la zona un 43%.

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Al llarg dels segles XVIII, XIX i XX, el mas la Sala de Folgueroles ha exercit un extens control sobre la gestió de l'aigua del torrent de Folgueroles a través de diverses iniciatives, entre les quals destaquen, per una banda, la conversió de vint-i-dues quarteres de terres i conreu en hortes cultivades per més d'un centenar d'arrendataris del poble, les verdures i hortalisses de les quals anaven destinades a l'autoconsum; i, per l'altra, ja entrat el segle XX, la constitució d'una societat per part de Josep Maria Bru de Sala i Serra, concessionària del subministrament d'aigua potable a Folgueroles. Ambdues activitats exemplifiquen l'orientació empresarial de la burgesia agrària catalana durant l'època contemporània.

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Irrigated agriculture has come under close scrutiny in Europe recently because of its high share of total water consumption and its apparent inefficiency. Several water policies have been advocated, in particular the use of economic instruments such as water markets. This paper simulates the impact of a policy based upon water markets on agricultural production in the internal river basins of Catalonia (Spain). This zone presents certain particularities that make it very interesting to study: competition between sectors for the resource (agriculture-urban consumption-recreational uses), recent periods of resource insufficiency and conflicts between irrigators as a result of the measures taken by the hydraulic administration in drought situations. The results show that these markets would guarantee an optimal reassignment of the resource in situations of supply restrictions, and although compared to the situation without markets they would not mean higher economic profits for the irrigators, they could prevent conflicts between them. Nevertheless, doubts exist about their acceptance by irrigators

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L'objecte del projecte és la optimització de la explotació agrària d'un conjunt de parcel·les ubicades al terme municipal de Castelldans, a la partida coneguda popularment com 'La Devesa', a petició d’un promotor particular, propietari en aquell moment de les parcel·les implicades. El conjunt de la superfície afectada (16,12 ha) s'identifica en el projecte com a ‘Finca La Devesa‘. Alguns dels aspectes que es tracten en el projecte són: la construcció d'un magatzem agrícola; la construcció d'una bassa per a l'abastiment d'aigua de reg; la instal·lació d'un sistema de reg per goter; la plantació de 15 ha de fruiters de llavor i l'explotació dels fruiters de llavor, acollint-se a la normativa vigent de producció integrada.

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The cost of reusing water in micro-irrigation at the field level has not been studied in depth although the use of effluents in agriculture is a viable alternative in areas where water is scarce or there is intense competition for its use. The aim of the present study is to analyse the private costs of water reuse in micro-irrigation in an experimental plot. This analysis is intended to provide information about the decision a farmer would make when the choice to use conventional or reclaimed water is guided by cost criteria. The components of the total costs of different combinations of four types of filters and five emitters that can be installed in micro-irrigation systems using reclaimed water have been studied with the data obtained from an experimental plot in conditions similar to those of fruit orchards. Different scenarios that compared the costs of using conventional or reclaimed water in terms of water price and nutrient content were also studied. The results show that a proper combination of filters and emitters can save up to 33% in irrigation costs. Capital costs and maintenance costs were the most variable among the different combinations. Scenario analysis showed that the greater price of reclaimed water could be compensated by high nutrient contents, which would reduce fertilizer costs