A territorial model of commuting in Catalonia, 1986-1996

Commuting consists in the fact that an important fraction of workers in developed countries do not reside close to their workplaces but at long distances from them, so they have to travel to their jobs and then back home daily. Although most workers hold a job in the same municipality where they live or in a neighbouring one, an important fraction of workers face long daily trips to get to their workplace and then back home.Even if we divide Catalonia (Spain) in small aggregations of municipalities, trying to make them as close to local labour markets as possible, we will find out that some of them have a positive commuting balance, attracting many workers from other areas and providing local jobs for almost all their resident workers. On the other side, other zones seem to be mostly residential, so an important fraction of their resident workers hold jobs in different local labour markets. Which variables influence an area¿s role as an attraction pole or a residential zone? In previous papers (Artís et al, 1998a, 2000; Romaní, 1999) we have brought out the main individual variables that influence commuting by analysing a sample of Catalan workers and their commuting decisions. In this paper we perform an analysis of the territorial variables that influence commuting, using data for aggregate commuting flows in Catalonia from the 1991 and 1996 Spanish Population Censuses.These variables influence commuting in two different ways: a zone with a dense, welldeveloped economical structure will have a high density of jobs. Work demand cannot be fulfilled with resident workers, so it spills over local boundaries. On the other side, this economical activity has a series of side-effects like pollution, congestion or high land prices which make these areas less desirable to live in. Workers who can afford it may prefer to live in less populated, less congested zones, where they can find cheaper land, larger homes and a better quality of life. The penalty of this decision is an increased commuting time. Our aim in this paper is to highlight the influence of local economical structure and amenities endowment in the workplace-residence location decision. A place-to-place logit commuting models is estimated for 1991 and 1996 in order to find the economical and amenities variables with higher influence in commuting decisions. From these models, we can outline a first approximation to the evolution of these variables in the 1986-1996 period. Data have been obtained from aggregate flow travel-matrix from the 1986, 1991 and 1996 Spanish Population Censuses

Effects of lactation upon circulating plasma metabolites in cafeteria-fed rats

1. The effects of "cafeteria feeding" on primiparous Wistar rats during lactation have been studied by measuring circulating levels of glucose, amino acids, lactate, urea and ammonia as well as glycogen levels in liver and muscle. 2. No significant changes in glucose levels were observed despite alterations in blood glucose compartmentation. 3. Compared with controls, the dams given the cafeteria diet had higher liver glycogen stores which were more easily mobilized at the peak of lactation. 4. Rats given the cafeteria diet showed a lower amino acid utilization than controls and adequately maintained circulating levels, as determined by the lower circulating levels of ammonia and urea. 5. No significant differences in body-weight were observed in the period studied despite increasing dam weight after weaning in the cafeteria-fed group. 6. The size of pups of cafeteria-fed dams was greater than that of controls, and the differences were marked after weaning, when the metabolic machinery of the cafeteria pup maintained high protein accretion and body build-up using fat as the main energy substrate characteristic of the preweaning stage. The controls, however, changed to greater utilization of amino acids as an energy substrate and adapted to high-protein (lowbiological-quality) diets with a significantly different pattern of circulating nitrogen distribution.

A.A.V.V.: Montbarbat (1978-1986), Lloret de Mar, 1996

Debe reconocerse que en estos años próximos al fin del milenio la publicación de estudios sobre el mundo ibérico goza de excelente salud, cuando menos en volumen. Artículos, ponencias y comunicaciones amenazan con abrumar al lector más impenitente. Por ello resulta aleccionador acudir al meritorio trabajo de Fernando Quesada: "La cultura ibérica: una aproximación bibliográfica (1992-1993)", RE/b, 1, 1994, 335-377, que reúne la producción en revistas y series no excesivamente locales -imposibles de controlar, por otro lado-, y comprobar un balance de unos doscientos títulos anuales. Ahora bien, si consideramos el número de monografías, nos situaremos en un plano selectivo, que rondará la docena al año. Diversos factores -y entre ellos la desidia de diferentes niveles administrativos y académicos- parecen confabularse para que no se disponga de un conjunto de memorias impresas proporcional al volumen de excavaciones realizadas en las dos últimas décadas.

Temporal variation of the biomass and structure of Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux meadows in the Mar Menor lagoon (SE Spain).

The temporal changes in the structure, biomass and C, N and P content of meadows of Caulerpa prolifera (Forsskal) Lamouroux in the Mar Menor coastal lagoon (SE Spain) are described over the period from November 1986 to March 1989. C. prolifera meadows showed a unimodal pattern of vegetative development with maximum biomass values (168-173 g d.w. m-2) reached in summer and maintained during autumn, and minimum biomass values (0-57 g d.w. m-2) during late winter and early spring. Leaf area index values changed between 0.37-0.40 m2 m-2 in January-February and 2.60-7.06 m2 m-2 in July. The seasonality in the biomass and structure of the meadow was mainly related to the vegetative development of the secondary fronds. Carbon and phosphorus content of the thallus (32.5-34.8% d.w. and 0.065-0.069% d.w., respectively) had no seasonality, but nitrogen content showed a bimodal annual pattern with higher values in spring and fall (>2.5% d.w.) than in summer and winter (<2.5% d.w.).

Taxonomic study of the isopod crustaceans from the Spanish expedition 'Antartida 1986-11' in the Scotia Sea, South Atlantic

This paper summarizes the results of a taxonomic study of the isopods collected during the 'Antártida 1986-11' expedition. A total of 123 specimens were studied, of which 99 were in the adult or juvenile phases and 24 were in the postmanca phase. The specimens were attributed to 11 species, 9 genera, 5 families and 4 suborders. The most abundant species were Glyptonotus antarcticus and Ceratoserolis trilobitoides. Several records are reported for the first time from the archipelagos of the Scotia Arc.

Mossos i criats: una radiografia del treball assalariat als masos (Girona, 1946)

L'objectiu d'aquest treball consisteix a analitzar el grup dels assalariats rurals estables a partir d'una relació de masos de la província de Girona elaborada amb finalitats polítiques i policials el 1946 per la 131ª Comandància de la Guardia Civil

Sobre les avellanoses als Pirineus catalans

Els bosquets de Corylus avellana dels Pirineus Catalans representen, malgrat llur fisiognomía uniforme, fases de degradació o de reconstitució de diversos boscos caducifolis. Atenent a aquest fet i a llur composició florística poc específica, sembla convenient de tractar-los com a variants de Corylus del Buxo-Quercetum pubescentis, del Buxo-Fagetum, del Brachypodio-Fraxinetum,... Cal excloure potser d'aquesta generalització L¿Hepatico-Coryletum, comunitat de difícil filiació i caracterització sintaxonómiques, pròpia de l'Alta Cerdanya i del Conflent. I el Scillo-Fagetum actaeo-coryletosum, subass. nova, que representa, igual que el síntàxon anterior, una vicariant de les fagedes en valls internes pirinenques amb clima continentalitzat, mancades de faig.

Auerbach, E. (1946), Mimesis: Dargestellte Wirklichkeit in der abedländischen Literatur. (Ressenya)

Ressenya de: Auerbach, E. (1946), Mimesis: Dargestellte Wirklichkeit in der abendländischen Literatur, Berna, Francke AG. Verlag. Edición consultada: Auerbach, E. (2002), Mímesis: La representación de la realidad en la literatura occidental (trad. de Villanueva I. e Irmaz E.), México, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 2002, 533 p.

Evolución de la Psicología Ambiental en el Contexto de PSICAMB. Análisis de las Contribuciones a los Congresos Entre 1986 y 2013

En el presente artículo se hace un breve repaso de las circunstancias académicas, institucionales y de algunos de los avatares que han venido sucediendo hasta dar lugar a la constitución de la Asociación de Psicología Ambiental (PSICAMB) y sus primeros años. Junto a este recorrido, también se ha prestado atención a los trabajos que se han presentado en las doce jornadas y congresos bianuales que se han celebrado hasta la actualidad. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de contenido de los 1065 títulos recogidos en estos eventos. Por lo que respecta al nivel de participación se observa que cada vez este es más alto tanto en el número trabajos presentados cómo en los autores que los avalan. Por lo que respecta al análisis de los títulos, se observó que las quince categorías utilizadas se subsumían en cinco: 'aspectos teóricos, conceptuales y metodológicos', 'medio construido' 'medio natural' la 'psicología de la conservación' 'los riesgos y los desastres'. Los resultados del análisis muestran un alto volumen en cada una de estas categorías salvo en el 'medio natural' y se observa como con el devenir de los años se ha ido prestando atención más a unos temas que a otros.