Should fiscal authorities cooperate in a monetary union with public deficit targets?

In this paper we analyse the setting of optimal policies in a monetary union with one monetary authority and various fiscal authorities that have a public deficit target. We will show that fiscal cooperation among the fiscal authorities, in the presence of positive supply shocks, ends up producing higher public deficits than in a non-cooperative regime. JEL No. E61, E63, F33, H0. Keywords: monetary union, fiscal policy coordination.

The Determinants of Entry are not Independent of Start-up Size: Some evidence from Spanish manufacturing

In this paper we explore the determinants of firm start-up size of Spanish manufacturing industries. The industries' barriers to entry affect the ability of potential entrants to enter the markets and the size range at which they decide to enter. In order to examine the relationships between barriers to entry and size we applied the quantile regression techniques. Our results indicate that the variables that characterize the structure of the market, the variables that are related to the behaviour of the incumbent firms and the rate of growth of the industries generate different barriers depending on the initial size of the entrants. Keywords: Entry, regression quantiles, start-up size. JEL classification: L110, L600

Delegation and information sharing in oligopoly

Information sharing in oligopoly has been analyzed by assuming that firms behave as a sole economic agent. In this paper I assume that ownership and management are separated. Managers are allowed to falsely report their costs to owners and rivals. Under such circumstances, if owners want to achieve information sharing they must use managerial contracts that implement truthful cost reporting by managers as a dominant strategy. I show that, contrary to the classical result, without the inclusion of message-dependent payments in managerial contracts there will be no information sharing. On the other hand, with the inclusion of such publicly observable payments and credible ex-ante commitment by owners not to modify these payments, there will be perfect information sharing without the need for third parties. Keywords: Information sharing, Delegation, Managerial contracts. JEL classification numbers: D21, D82, L13, L21

A territorial approach to firm entry: The effect of city size

This paper concerns the effects of territorial factors on the processes involved in the creation of manufacturing firms in Spanish cities. Most contributions have focused on regional factors rather than urban ones. Here we assume that it is possible to identify certain urban factors that attract new firms. We use data for the entry of firms in Spanish manufacturing industries between 1994 and 2002. This paper contributes to the existing literature on market entry. Key words: cities, regions, firm entry and Spanish economy. JEL: R0, R12, L60

Firm Size and Short-Term Dynamics in Aggregate Entry and Exit

Much of the research on industry dynamics focuses on the interdependence between the sectorial rates of entry and exit. This paper argues that the size of firms and the reaction-adjustment period are important conditions missed in this literature. I illustrate the effects of this omission using data from the Spanish manufacturing industries between 1994 and 2001. Estimates from systems of equations models provide evidence of a conical revolving door phenomenon and of partial adjustments in the replacement-displacement of large firms. KEYWORDS: aggregation, industry dynamics, panel data, symmetry, simultaneity. JEL CLASSIFICATION: C33, C52, L60, L11

Labour market frictions, social policies, and barriers to technology adoption

Barriers to technological changes have recently been shown to be a key element in explaining differences in output per worker across countries. This study examines the role that labour market features and institutions have in explaining barriers to technology adoption. I build a model that includes labour market frictions, capital market imperfections and heterogeneity in workers' skills. I found that the unemployment rate together with the welfare losses that workers experiment after displacement are key factors in explaining the existence of barriers to technology adoption. Moreover, I found that none of these factors alone is sufficient to build these barriers. The theory also suggests that welfare policies like the unemployment insurance system may enhance these kinds of barriers while policies like a severance payment system financed by an income tax seem to be more effective in eliminating them.

Inflation and factor shares

We use results from the literature on the determinants of price-cost margins to derive an equation relating labor's share of national income to the inflation rate (as well as to the output gap, the unemployment rate and the capital stock per worker). The equation is tested with a panel of 15 OECD countries. We obtain a robust positive relationship between inflation and the labor share. Our results suggest that disinflation is not distributively neutral, provide empirical support for the distinct concern about price stability shown by trade unions and employers' organizations, and help explaining the negative impact of inflation on growth.

La Variació de les etapes evolutives i l'adquisició dels aprenentatges aquàtics en una experiència motriu en la primera infància

My work seeks, to observe if there is some variation at some evolutionary stage starting from the knowledge obtained starting from the study of learning and development motor, with reference to a controlled group. My research details the types of aquatic abilities that take place as a consequence of a specific program. My investigation uses a quantitative methodology that compares the moments of appearance of different evolutionary stages in a first phase and a qualitative methodology for the second phase that makes those learnings thake place as a consequence of my intervention. To elaborate this process I have used an inductive and deductive method, I have based my reserach on fifteen years, of experience of these practices and used the data that has been provided to me from other's author's investigations.

La Participació del psicomotricista en el joc de l'infant

This study presents a research about the participation of psicomotricist in the play with children to find out what kind of conditions improve the development of their capacitys of relathionship. The research has four parts: 1) A teoretical revision about the terms of game, social participation and relathionship; 2) A case study based on different interviews with experts, psicomotricists and the observed psicomotricist and 4 deep observations 3) The categories of analysis from the triangulation of teoretical and case study sources of information; 4) Discussion and conclusions about general actuations of the psicomotricist, about specifical actuations with the children and about psicomotricist’s believes.

Les Actituds del professorat de l'ESO vers les pràctiques inclusives: un estudi longitudinal

En aquest treball s’exposa l’estudi realitzat en un centre educatiu ordinari d’Educació Secundària Obligatòria. En aquest centre, el curs acadèmic 2002-2003 s’hi implanten dues unitats d’educació especial amb la finalitat d’aconseguir una escolarització amb un caràcter més normalitzat per als alumnes que les integren. Fruit d’aquesta implantació se’ns ofereix l’oportunitat de realitzar un estudi al voltant del funcionament d’aquest procés. Degut a la importància que tenen en els processos d’aquesta índole, entre d’altres motius, decidim decantar-nos per l’estudi de les actituds del professorat vers les pràctiques inclusives. Així doncs en aquest treball s’hi recullen quines són les actituds dels professorat d’aquest IES, en dos moments diferents al llarg del temps, al voltant de diferents aspectes relacionats amb les pràctiques inclusives, l’instrument dissenyat per a recollir aquestes actituds, així com també les pràctiques amb caràcter inclusiu que s’han dut a terme en aquest IES.

De la vivència a l'experiència: la significació del medi aquàtic en el desenvolupament de l'infant

This work gets deeply into the comprehension of the aquatic medium as a significant space for the for a psychomotor intervention in the development of the children. Its starting point is a methodological pose of philosophical nature which uses phenomenology as the way for discovering. From this stand, the research sequence and process are justified. They both show an underlying attitude which has guided the whole process of turning the learning-by-experiencing the phenomena into experienced-knowledge of it. In this way the characteristic gnoseological reduction of the phenomenology has been used, while proceeding to the observation of children evolving in the water. Once the construction process of this work was established, the reduction of the amount of concepts and ideas began. This is its most characteristic process of the phenomenological research. First, an approach to the aquatic medium as a pluridimensional space has been made. Afterwards a study of the up to three years old child from a global perspective which includes the emotional, the social the cognitive and the psychomotor dimensions has been done. At last, the essence of the psychomotor as a model for the pedagogical action has been studied. From this three distinctive elements, and as a result of this research, a proposal of psychomotor intervention in the aquatic medium has been built.

El Taller de traducción como metodología didáctica experimental en un marco epistemológico socioconstructivista y humanista

Aquest treball de recerca presenta les diferents fases d’un experiment pilot que vaig projectar i realitzar dins l’àmbit de l’ensenyament de la traducció a un context universitari. L’experiment va consistir en l’aplicació i observació d’una metodologia didàctica innovadora, amb una base epistemològica socioconstructivista i humanista, i en l’avaluació dels resultats obtinguts. Per l’experiment pilot vaig seleccionar com a marc teòric el model socioconstructivista del procés d’ensenyament i aprenentatge proposat per Williams i Burden (1997), que integra instàncies constructivistes, interaccionistes i humanistes. En aquest àmbit vaig elaborar una metodologia didàctica innovadora, el “Taller de Traducció”, modelat sobre el Constructivist Workshop proposat per Don Kiraly (2000: 62-64) al qual vaig aportar algunes modificacions per adequar-lo al context diferent d’ensenyament. El disseny experimental basat en la utilització d’un grup experimental i d’un de control, preveu el recurs a instruments de recollida de dades qualitatives i quantitatives. Les hipòtesis elaborades prospecten l’aparició de determinats efectes com a conseqüència de l’aplicació del tractament experimental (autonomia, motivació i presa de consciència) i, al mateix temps es basen en la pressuposició, sustentat sobre la literatura consultada, que els efectes prospectats milloren el procés d’ensenyament i aprenentatge. Per tant, vaig intentar, per una banda, verificar l’eficàcia del tractament relacionada amb l’aparició dels efectes prospectats i, per una altra, mesurar l’incidència d’aquests efectes sobre el procés d’ensenyament i aprenentatge. A més, vaig dur a terme l’observació i avaluació de la metodologia aplicada respecte la coherència amb les bases epistemològiques socioconstructivistes i a la funcionalitat dins el context universitari on es va aplicar. Totes les dades recollides confirmen la coherència i la funcionalitat de la metodologia aplicada, tant pel que fa a l’eficàcia relacionada amb l’aparició dels efectes prospectats a les hipòtesis elaborades i a la seva incidència sobre la millora del procés d’ensenyament i aprenentatge, tot i que es van detectar algunes fallides a l’experiment pilot que se solucionaran a l’experiment definitiu. Els resultats positius de l’experiment pilot han estat confirmades també per les dades d’altres dos experiments realitzats posteriorment amb altres grups d’estudiants de la mateixa assignatura. Tots els resultats recollits es faran servir per projectar l’experiment definitiu, aportant-hi les modificacions necessàries per eliminar les fallides evidenciades durant la fase d’aplicació de l’experiment pilot i de les seves extensions i seguiments, i serviran com a base per a la meva tesi doctoral a la qual voldria arribar a formular una proposta socioconstrucitivista i humanista integradora per a l’ensenyament de la traducció.

Not all university degrees yield the same return: private and social returns to higher education for males in Spain

In this paper we use micro data from the Spanish Family Expenditure Survey for 1990 to estimate, for the first time, the private and social rates of return of different university degrees in Spain. We compute internal rates of return and include investment on higher education financed by the public purse to estimate social rates of return. Our main finding is that, as presumed, there is large heterogeneity in rates of return amongst different university