Gesti��n de la actividad no presencial y autoevaluaci��n de competencias = Management of Student Learning Outside the Classroom and the Self-evaluation of Competences

Psychological Assessment is a core subject of Psychology studies, and of the university degree Human development, at the University of Girona and according to the University regulations, had 12 credits. Until the 2005-06 academic years, the student work conducted outside the classroom consisted of undertaking a psychological assessment that was written and handed in at the end of the course. From this the student obtained a qualification and a review if they applied for it In accordance with the European Credits for Higher Education, this subject was reduced to 9 credits, which is the equivalent of a total of 255 hours of in-class work and outside the classroom. In the 2006-07 academic year we created a guide to manage the student���s experiences outside the classroom, with the objective of encouraging the application of problem solving/critical thinking (Bloom, 1975), in line with the recommendations of the Catalonia Agency for University System Quality (2005). The guide includes: learning objectives, evaluation criterions, a description of activities, work week timetable for the whole course, programmed tutorials to review all steps of the psychological assessment process, and the use of a web-based virtual forum for the transfer of knowledge, analysis and constructive critiques of the assessment done by themselves and their colleagues

The effect of skewness and kurtosis on the Kenward-Roger approximation when group distributions differ

This study examined the independent effect of skewness and kurtosis on the robustness of the linear mixed model (LMM), with the Kenward-Roger (KR) procedure, when group distributions are different, sample sizes are small, and sphericity cannot be assumed. Methods: A Monte Carlo simulation study considering a split-plot design involving three groups and four repeated measures was performed. Results: The results showed that when group distributions are different, the effect of skewness on KR robustness is greater than that of kurtosis for the corresponding values. Furthermore, the pairings of skewness and kurtosis with group size were found to be relevant variables when applying this procedure. Conclusions: With sample sizes of 45 and 60, KR is a suitable option for analyzing data when the distributions are: (a) mesokurtic and not highly or extremely skewed, and (b) symmetric with different degrees of kurtosis. With total sample sizes of 30, it is adequate when group sizes are equal and the distributions are: (a) mesokurtic and slightly or moderately skewed, and sphericity is assumed; and (b) symmetric with a moderate or high/extreme violation of kurtosis. Alternative analyses should be considered when the distributions are highly or extremely skewed and samples sizes are small.

Esquizotipia en familiares de pacientes con esquizofrenia

Schizotypy in relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Previous studies indicate that relatives of patients with schizophrenia are more likely to present characteristics of schizotypal personality than the general population. Few transcultural studies of schizotypy have been carried out. Most instruments constructed to measure schizotypy have been applied in specific cultures; conceivably, in other populations its components may be distributed in different ways. These cultural differences may affect the relations between schizotypy and schizophrenia. The objective of this study is to obtain data on schizotypy in relatives of patients with schizophrenia and relatives of patients with other disorders in a Latin American rural population. The results suggest that cultural factors must be taken into account in order to establish the relationship between schizotypy and schizophrenia.

Influencia de la percepci��n de apoyo y del funcionamiento social en la calidad de vida de pacientes con esquizofrenia y sus cuidadores

Perception of social support and functioning of patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers and its relationship to quality of life are described. Forty-five patients and their 45 relatives, treated at the Mental Health Services in Arica, Chile, participated. Both patients and caregivers in the study have a poor perception of social support with regard to extra-family people, as well as a low social integration. However, patients showed adequate capacity to function within their immediate family. Unlike what was found in developed countries, these patients showed moderate levels of quality of life, with a strong relationship with perceptions of the social support they receive from family and significant others and the ability to establish and maintain social contacts. Quality of life of primary caregivers is linked to patients�� ability to establish and maintain social contacts within the family group, as in other social instances, such as keeping a job. The results of the study suggest the need to consider the design and application of programs of support for these patients and their caregivers, with the central aim of the social functioning of the above-mentioned patients and their familiar and community integration.

L���evoluci�� de la psicologia en els centres penitenciaris

Aquest treball tracta sobre l���evoluci�� de la Psicologia en els centres penitenciaris. En el desenvolupament del treball es comen��ar�� amb una breu introducci�� del marc legislatiu que emmarca aquest ��mbit per veure quines reformes legislatives s���han donat. A continuaci��, s���exposaran les funcions que exerceix un psic��leg penitenciari, els instruments i les t��cniques m��s utilitzades, l���itinerari personal que segueixen els interns i quins programes de tractament existeixen en l���actualitat. Seguidament, s���exposar�� la part m��s pr��ctica que consta de la realitzaci�� de dues entrevistes [Centre Penitenciari d���Homes de Barcelona (La Model) i Centre Penitenciari Brians 2 de Sant Esteve Sesrovires]. Es finalitzar�� amb unes conclusions integrant la teoria i la part pr��ctica del treball.

Ethnic Identity among Indigenous and Mestizos from Intercultural University of Chiapas = Identidad ��tnica entre los ind��genas y los mestizos de la Universidad Intercultural de Chiapas

This study explored ethnic identity among 662 students (326 mestizos and 336 indigenous) from the Intercultural University of Chiapas (IUCh). Scholars suggest that ethnicity is more salient for ethnic minority adolescents than for adolescents who are members of the ethnic majority. The aims for this study were: 1) to determine the structure and validity of ethnic identity as measured by the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure in a sample of majority and minority ethnic groups from Intercultural University in Chiapas, and 2) to examine the variability of ethnic identity across ethnic groups. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure would show two factors, and that ethnic groups would differ on ethnic identity. The results supported the hypotheses

Trastornos menores de salud en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona

Introducci��n: conocer la prevalencia de algunos trastornos menores de salud (TMS) en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona (2004-05). Material y m��todos:. El estudio se realiz�� en las facultades de Ciencias Econ��micas, Farmacia, Medicina, Psicología y Qu��micas y Escuela de Enfermer��a de la Universidad de Barcelona. Se emple�� un dise��o observacional, descriptivo y transversal mediante un cuestionario mixto administrada a 600 estudiantes durante el mes de diciembre de 2004. Las variables estudiadas corresponden a los siguientes TMS: insomnio, estre��imiento, cefalea, dolor osteomuscular, tics nerviosos, onicofagia y tricotilomania. Resultados: El sexo femenino representa el 64% de la muestra; la media de edad de los encuestados es de 22,7 (DE: 3,27; IC 95%: 22,43-22,96). Las mujeres acumulan el 67,79% de los 1.245 TMS identificados. Por sexo, se observan diferencias estad��sticamente significativas en las prevalencias de cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania que afectan en mayor medida al sexo femenino. La onicofagia (264; 21,20%; IC 95%: 18-24,4) es el m��s extendido de los TMS, seguido de la cefalea (233; 18,72%; IC 95%: 15,6-21,84). Los estudiantes de Psicología presentan el mayor n��mero, seguidos de los de Ciencias Econ��micas; los que presentan un menor n��mero son los de Farmacia y Qu��micas. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino presenta la mayor prevalencia de TMS. La onicofagia y la cefalea son los principales TMS identificados en la muestra. Los estudiantes de Psicología acumulan el mayor n��mero de TMS, siendo los que presentan m��s cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania.

Trastornos menores de salud en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona

Introducci��n: conocer la prevalencia de algunos trastornos menores de salud (TMS) en una muestra de estudiantes de la Universidad de Barcelona (2004-05). Material y m��todos:. El estudio se realiz�� en las facultades de Ciencias Econ��micas, Farmacia, Medicina, Psicología y Qu��micas y Escuela de Enfermer��a de la Universidad de Barcelona. Se emple�� un dise��o observacional, descriptivo y transversal mediante un cuestionario mixto administrada a 600 estudiantes durante el mes de diciembre de 2004. Las variables estudiadas corresponden a los siguientes TMS: insomnio, estre��imiento, cefalea, dolor osteomuscular, tics nerviosos, onicofagia y tricotilomania. Resultados: El sexo femenino representa el 64% de la muestra; la media de edad de los encuestados es de 22,7 (DE: 3,27; IC 95%: 22,43-22,96). Las mujeres acumulan el 67,79% de los 1.245 TMS identificados. Por sexo, se observan diferencias estad��sticamente significativas en las prevalencias de cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania que afectan en mayor medida al sexo femenino. La onicofagia (264; 21,20%; IC 95%: 18-24,4) es el m��s extendido de los TMS, seguido de la cefalea (233; 18,72%; IC 95%: 15,6-21,84). Los estudiantes de Psicología presentan el mayor n��mero, seguidos de los de Ciencias Econ��micas; los que presentan un menor n��mero son los de Farmacia y Qu��micas. Conclusiones: El sexo femenino presenta la mayor prevalencia de TMS. La onicofagia y la cefalea son los principales TMS identificados en la muestra. Los estudiantes de Psicología acumulan el mayor n��mero de TMS, siendo los que presentan m��s cefalea, dolor osteomuscular y tricotilomania.

La formaci��n de habilidades terap��uticas en el psic��logo general sanitario: una propuesta basada en el aprendizaje experiencial

La adquisici��n de Habilidades Terap��uticas (HHTT) es esencial en la formaci��nde los psic��logos cl��nicos y de otros profesionales de la salud (Bados y Garc��a,2011; Cunico, Sartori, Marongnolli y Meneghini, 2012). Consideramos que unabuena manera de adquirir y potenciar habilidades cl��nicas es a trav��s de lapr��ctica dirigida en situaciones reales de aspectos personalmente significativos;es decir, lo que podr��amos denominar ���APRENDIZAJE EXPERIENCIAL���.As��, en lugar de practicar la Escucha activa o la Empat��a con alguien que���simula��� ser un paciente con depresi��n o que ha experimentado una experienciatraum��tica, pensamos que es mejor trabajar con las propias experiencias vitales.Es decir, realizando ejercicios dirigidos a mejorar la capacidad para escucharactivamente o entender a personas significativas (padres, hermanos, parejas,amigos, etc.) con las que se tienen dificultades reales de relaci��n.En el ��mbito universitario son escasas las experiencias did��cticas de ��ste tipo(Salda��a, Bados, Garc��a-Grau, Balaguer y Fust��, 2009), por lo que apenas existen estudios que eval��en su eficacia.

Facilitar la teor��a de la mente en ni��os con alteraciones del lenguaje

The ability to recognize mental states in oneself and others, or the theory of mind, has been a widely studied topic in last years. Traditionally, these studies have focused on the understanding of false belief, one of the most important milestones in its development. Studies conducted with children with language difficulties suggest that they have a delay in false belief acquisition. On the other hand, numerous studies have established a relationship between the understanding of false belief and language skills. In particular, it has been suggested that training based in labelling objects with double perspective facilitates the understanding of false belief. The aim of the present study is to test the effect of the structuration level of labelling training in a group of children with difficulties in language development. A total of 14 children, aged between 58 and 107 months, were trained in 3 sessions, and a pre-test and a post-test were administered to evaluate the effects of the training. The results confirm a delay in false belief understanding in children with developmental language difficulties, and suggest that the structured labelling training is effective to improve this understanding

La Relaci��n del lenguaje con la teor��a de la mente en edad escolar

In the past years a considerable amount of research has been carried out on the development of theory of mind (ToM) reporting that language and ToM performance are correlated. However it is less clear what aspect of language is related with ToM development. Some studies show a greater influence of semantics aspects, whereas others suggest that sentential complement sentences, a specific aspect of syntax, are crucial for false belief understanding (FB). Yet others argue that pragmatic abilities correlate with FB understanding. The aim of this study is investigate, on the one side, the development of ToM between the ages of 6 and 8 and on the other side, the relationship between some aspects of language and the ToM improvement. Several ToM tasks were administrated to evaluate children���s performance at two different ages (60 participants aged 6 and 8 years) and four tasks to assess language abilities. The results show a significant increase in the understanding of the mind between the ages of 6 and 8. Furthermore, results reveal a significant relationship between syntax and tasks that require FB understanding, while pragmatics is more strongly associated with tasks that involve more complex socio-cognitive understandings

Salud ocupacional e intervenci��n psicosocial

Peer-reviewed

Identidad, percepci��n de vitalidad etnoling����stica y comunicaci��n intergrupal en Catalu��a: An identity and ethnolinguistic perception vitality study in Catalonia

Catalan has drawn considerable attention given its impressive institutional support and increased usage since the restoration of the Generalitat of Catalonia. We report a study on 112 Catalan-speaking students who were administered the"subjective vitality questionnaire". Results show (and these are compared with reports 20 years ago) that it continues to gain momentum and status, even with the International stature of Spanish. The theoretical and pragmatic significance of these findings are discussed in terms of vitality"s role in shaping Language choices (Catalan vs. Castilian) in everyday communication as well as the societal level in forging Language policies for communicating in Catalan in business, political, educational, and media arenas

La evaluaci��n de la actividad reflexiva a partir del portafolio del estudiante

Reflective competence is considered one of the key competencies of students��� education in all teaching levels and in the daily practice of professionals. A lack of conceptual clarity can lead to critical difficulties for teachers when designing activities that promote reflective skills and also to confusion on the part of the students who have to put them into practice. A short introduction to the scientific study of reflective activity which tries to set the stage of the investigation as well as an innovative experience within the framework of the first year of the Degree in Psychology Studies are presented here. This study presents the work on the reflective skills through a reflective portfolio. Five hierarchical levels of reflection are specified as a guide for the making of the portfolio for the students, and as a support for the mentoring and assessment tasks of teachers. As a conclusion, a three-step model for the training of ���reflective beginners��� is outlined

Tastets d'economia n��mero 2: Psicologia i Economia

Article 2 de la s��rie Tastets d'economia, adre��ada al target: principiants, estudiants de batxillerat i de cicles formatius, de l'��rea de les ci��ncies socials.