Espessura da Coróide na Oclusão de Ramo Venoso da Retina

Objectivo: Avaliar a espessura da coróide na área macular em doentes com oclusão de ramo venoso da retina (ORVR) unilateral através de tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral (SD-OCT) em modo enhanced depth imaging (EDI). Material e Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo não randomizado que incluiu 34 olhos de 17 doentes com ORVR unilateral (média de idade 68,6 ± 11,2 anos). Foi realizada análise estatística para comparar a espessura da coróide através de 3 medições (subfoveal e 750 µm temporal e nasal à fóvea) em cada uma de 7 linhas nos 15⁰x5⁰ centrais à fóvea para cada um dos olhos afectados e adelfos (21 medições em cada). Foi ainda realizada comparação entre a espessura macular central da retina e a espessura da coróide, para além da relação entre esta última e o tempo de evolução. Relacionou-se ainda a idade com a espessura da coróide no grupo controlo. Resultados: A média da espessura da coróide nos 17 olhos com ORVR foi de 211,8 ±55,97µm, o que foi superior à média verificada nos 17 olhos adelfos (185,7±46,1µm), sendo a diferença estatisticamente significativa (p⁼0,019). A coróide foi mais espessa a nível subfoveal (197,5±40,3µm) e mais delgada a nível nasal (176,9±54,9µm) no grupo controlo. Não se demonstrou haver relação entre o tempo de evolução e a espessura da coróide nos olhos com ORVR. Por outro lado houve relação entre a espessura da coróide e a espessura macular central (r⁼0,6; r²⁼0,36). Verificou-se uma correlação negativa, embora fraca, entre a idade e a espessura da coróide no grupo controlo (r⁼⁻0,022). Conclusões: A espessura da coróide pode ser avaliada através do EDI SD-OCT. Segundo alguns relatos, a mesma parece diminuir com a idade, tendência essa que se revelou também neste estudo. Tal como verificado na única publicação sobre a espessura da coróide na OVCR, demonstrou-se haver alteração na espessura da coróide na área macular em olhos com ORVR. Contudo são necessários mais estudos, com amostras maiores, que confirmem a alteração desta camada em olhos com ORVR e investiguem a sua influência na fisiopatologia da doença, no prognóstico visual e na resposta ao tratamento.

Phacoemulsification Versus Peripheral Iridotomy in the Management of Chronic Primary Angle Closure: Long-Term Follow-Up

Primary angle closure occurs as a result of crowded anterior segment anatomy, causing appositional contact between the peripheral iris and trabecular meshwork, thereby obstructing aqueous outflow. Several studies highlight the role of the crystalline lens in its pathogenesis. The objective of this work is to compare the long-term efficacy of phacoemulsification versus laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) in the management of chronic primary angle closure (CPAC). Prospective case-control study with 30 eyes of 30 patients randomly divided in two groups: 15 eyes in the LPI group and 15 eyes in the IOL group. Patients in the LPI group underwent LPI using argon and Nd:YAG laser. Patients in the IOL group underwent phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Examinations before and after the procedure included gonioscopy, Goldmann applanation tonometry, and anterior chamber evaluation using the Pentacam rotating Scheimpflug camera. The mean follow-up time was 31.13 ± 4.97 months. There was a statistically significant reduction in the intraocular pressure (IOP) and number of anti-glaucoma medications (p < 0.01) only in the IOL group. Anterior chamber depth, angle, and volume were all higher in the IOL group (p < 0.01) at the end of the follow-up period. Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber IOL implantation results in a higher anterior chamber depth, angle, and volume, when compared to LPI. Consequently, phacoemulsification has greater efficacy in lowering IOP and preventing its long-term increase in patients with CPAC and cataract.

Low Socioeconomic Status is an Independent Risk Factor for Survival After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair and Open Surgery for Peripheral Artery Disease

OBJECTIVE/BACKGROUND: The association between socioeconomic status (SES), presentation, and outcome after vascular surgery is largely unknown. This study aimed to determine the influence of SES on post-operative survival and severity of disease at presentation among vascular surgery patients in the Dutch setting of equal access to and provision of care. METHODS: Patients undergoing surgical treatment for peripheral artery disease (PAD), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), or carotid artery stenosis between January 2003 and December 2011 were retrospectively included. The association between SES, quantified by household income, disease severity at presentation, and survival was studied using logistic and Cox regression analysis adjusted for demographics, and medical and behavioral risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 1,178 patients were included. Low income was associated with worse post-operative survival in the PAD cohort (n = 324, hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00-1.10, per 5,000 Euro decrease) and the AAA cohort (n = 440, quadratic relation, p = .01). AAA patients in the lowest income quartile were more likely to present with a ruptured aneurysm (odds ratio [OR] 2.12, 95% CI 1.08-4.17). Lowest income quartile PAD patients presented more frequently with symptoms of critical limb ischemia, although no significant association could be established (OR 2.02, 95% CI 0.96-4.26). CONCLUSIONS: The increased health hazards observed in this study are caused by patient related factors rather than differences in medical care, considering the equality of care provided by the study setting. Although the exact mechanism driving the association between SES and worse outcome remains elusive, consideration of SES as a risk factor in pre-operative decision making and focus on treatment of known SES related behavioral and psychosocial risk factors may improve the outcome of patients with vascular disease.